Chapter 40 veritable genghis khan

The winter of 1205 was so warm that no one noticed when spring came in 1206.Temujin at the source of the Onon River is full of ambition under the sky where the grass grows and warblers fly.This spring is marked by the impending event of Temujin proclaiming Genghis Khan again and creating the Mongolian state. Time passed to the spring of 1206, and Temujin had become the undisputed master of the vast land.His invincible cavalry controlled everything from the Gobi in the south to the Arctic tundra, from the forests of Manchuria in the east to the Altai Mountains in the west.Those that fly in the sky, those that swim in the water, and those that run in the forest, as long as he wants, the corpses of these creatures will be placed in front of him.

However, all this is not what he wants, or in other words, he does not just want to use cavalry to rule everything, he wants to give his rule legitimacy, and to achieve this goal, he must convene the Kuriltai Conference. He did what he said and ordered the leaders of the various tribes to go to the source of the Onon River in the Kent Mountains in the spring of 1206 to participate in the Kuriltai Conference. The theme of the meeting was: to elect him as the Great Khan of the Mongolian Plateau. No one dared not to come, so the source of the Onon River became the place where the largest number of people gathered in the history of the steppe world in that spring.The series of tents circled around Temujin's tent, with a radius of more than ten kilometers.In order to supply food for the conference, there are tens of thousands of livestock grazing nearby.The conference lasted for several days. Except for one day with a grand and solemn ceremony, the rest of the time included sports competitions, playing, playing and singing and other entertainment.During the day, religious songs are performed by the shaman and his assistants, while in the evening musicians play folk music.During the day, all young men will hold wrestling, horse racing and archery competitions. These are the "Nadam" (sports games) that have been handed down to this day.

The grand and solemn ceremony of proclaiming the Khan was held in an orderly manner. Temujin stood on a black felt blanket, and the shaman Kukuo stood on a high place and admonished him: "All the authority granted to you now comes from heaven. If you can manage the people with full justice, Changshengtian will bless your blueprint to succeed; if you abuse your power, you will fail." Temujin agreed, Kuokuo said, "Changshengtian asked me to grant you 'Genghis 'The title, you call Khan is the will of the Changshengtian, you must not refuse, and others must not challenge it, from now on, you will represent the Changshengtian to rule the people in the world."

The crowd began to cheer, and Temujin's men lifted him aloft on top of the felt rug and placed him on the throne of the Great Khan.They then knelt and kowtowed nine times before Temujin while at the same time swearing to keep their promise to the Great Khan. Finally, Kuo Kuo Chu and his assistants beat the drums, praised Chang Sheng Tian, ​​and sprinkled the mare's milk into the air and the ground.The gathered people stood in a neat line, with their palms up, praying to the "Longevity Heaven".They end their prayers with the old Mongolian idiom "Hurlei, Hulei, Hulei" and send their prayers to the sky.

The ceremony ended, and Genghis Khan officially came to the world.For the first time, Temujin claimed that Khan was only the commander of the Qiyan clan of the Mongolian tribe, but this time he called Khan the Great Khan of the Mongolian tribe and even the Mongolian grassland.Or to put it bluntly, the last time Khan was called a prince, this time Khan was called the emperor. Now, we officially call Temujin Genghis Khan.Genghis Khan then promulgated his will and said: "The country I established will be called the 'Great Mongol Kingdom'. All nobles have no hereditary power, and all official positions belong to the country, not to individuals or families."

After the Khan Proclaiming Ceremony, Temujin announced that his national ideology was "Changshengtian". He not only believed in Changshengtian himself, but also asked all grassland people to believe in Changshengtian.His national organization is simply divided into two parts, one part is the court, which is composed of four great ordos (the ordos are the group tents where the concubine lives), the leader of the first one is Borte, and the leader of the second one is Borte. Hulan, the leader of the third Ordo is Ye Sui, and the leader of the fourth Ordu is Ye Sui. The second part is the government, which consists of five departments.

The first department is the advisory group, and Menglik is the boss. This department is equivalent to the prime minister in the ancient government. The second department is the Ministry of Supervision, which is equivalent to the speech officer in the ancient government.Genghis Khan said to the officials of this department: "From now on, you must tell me without hiding what you have seen and heard, and tell me what you have realized and thought. You are my eyes and my ears. .” The third department is the Ministry of Justice, and the minister is Hu Tuhu. This person is the child in the exquisite cradle that Genghis Khan saw after his defeat in Tatar.Genghis Khan said to him: "Now the people are settled, and you are my eyes and ears. No one is allowed to violate your words. If there are thieves and fraudsters, you can punish at your own discretion. Kill what should be killed, and what should be punished will be punished by you. Every case that is judged must be recorded in the book." From this, it can be seen that Hu Tuhu has the supreme power and can kill the people.He made his own laws and enforced them himself.What he has judged is similar to the judgment of the Supreme Court today.

The fourth department is the secretariat, and the secretary-general is Tata Tonga.Tata Tong'a is quite legendary. One year before Genghis Khan founded the Mongolian Kingdom, he was the right-hand man of Nannaiman Taiyang Khan.Because of his intelligence, good speech, and understanding of Uighur characters, he was reused by Taiyang Khan.He is responsible for keeping the Great Seal, which symbolizes the power of Taiyang Khan.After the death of Taiyang Khan, Tata Tong Ahuai fled to the north with his big seal in his arms, but was unfortunately captured alive by the Mongols and sent to Genghis Khan.Genghis Khan asked him: "The territory and people of the Naiman people have already belonged to me, but you still run away with a broken seal in vain name. What do you mean?"

Tata Tong Ah Zhengse said: "This is my duty. I am going to visit the old master, Qu Chulu, and return it to him. There is no other meaning." Genghis Khan immediately gave a lesson to his comrades and said: "Look, this is called loyalty." Then he said to Tata Tonga, "Follow me, and I will let you make the best use of it." Tata Tonga thought for a while, nodded and said, "Yes." Genghis Khan played with the seal and asked suspiciously, "What's the use of this thing?" Tata Tonga sighed in his heart: "Hey, what a turkey, the cultural level of the Mongols is really low, and they don't even know India." So he replied a little proudly: "Paying food money, appointing personnel, everything has to be done. Use the seal as a letter of proof."

Genghis Khan suddenly said: "This thing is good, my Mongolian government also needs it." Not long after, Genghis Khan had his own seal engraved and handed it over to Tata Tonga for his management.Until this time, Mongolia began to use seals. One of the official duties of Tata Tonga's secretary-general is to produce Mongolian characters.Tata Tonga is a language genius. He not only understands Uighur, but also Chinese.He originally wanted to create Mongolian characters based on Chinese, but Genghis Khan saw the square and square appearance of Chinese and said: "This thing is difficult to write, let's use Uighur characters as the basis!"

Since then, the Mongols had their own writing, but few people were really interested in writing, including the descendants of Genghis Khan, who kept writing at a respectful distance. The fifth department of Genghis Khan's government is Kexue (Imperial Guard Army), which is the most important government department of Genghis Khan Mongolia. Genghis Khan reorganized his army on the basis of the previously determined army decimal system, which was divided into ninety-five thousand households and fifty thousand households, and ten thousand households were selected from these thousand and ten thousand households as his imperial guards. That is timidity.Of course, not everyone is qualified to be a Qixue army. They must be the sons of thousands of household heads, ten thousand household heads, and their loyal partners.The fearful Xue army must always guard Genghis Khan, day and night.The army has four great leaders, they are the famous Genghis Khan four masters: Borshu, Borhu, Muhuali, Chilaowen. The Qixue Army is not only Genghis Khan's imperial guards, but also Genghis Khan's "inner court".They enter the Advisory Group, the Secretariat, the Ministry of Supervision and the Ministry of Justice at any time according to Genghis Khan's order, and become the top leaders of this department.Genghis Khan once said: "Kengxue has committed a crime and must be interrogated with my consent, otherwise it is a crime." This is the unique government department of Genghis Khan's Mongolian Kingdom-the army.So, how many Mongolian troops are there?Since the number of soldiers from thousands of households and ten thousand households is not worthy of the name, the total military strength of Mongolia in the era of Genghis Khan was around 130,000. This number has not changed much throughout the era of Genghis Khan. At the same time, Genghis Khan also created an astonishing express delivery system for the rapid transmission of information, so that designated recipients can receive orders in time.On the entire Mongolian plateau, Genghis Khan set up a post station about every 30 kilometers. Each post station is managed by a special person and equipped with excellent fast horses. Once something happens, these post stations will play a huge role. Run wildly at the fastest speed, and deliver the latest information to the destination as quickly as possible. A few years later, the great imperial teacher Yelu Chucai said when he commented on the Mongolian army: "As far as I go, I will go to the sky and the sky, and go to the sea and the sea." Why is there such a heroic and arrogant conclusion? We can get a glimpse of why the army is invincible from Genghis Khan's military establishment. First, the Mongolian army is all cavalry, with fast mobility; second, no matter whether it is a thousand or ten thousand soldiers, they do not receive military pay, that is to say, there is no military expenditure; third, the military expenditure of the army comes from the spoils of war. Expenditure, which always arouses the army's enterprising spirit; fourth, the cavalry uses the best horsepower, and the soldiers only carry a small amount of rations and no luggage; Provides a quick basis for information; sixth, the Mongolian soldiers' unparalleled fighting spirit and team spirit of collective action. Of course, the reason why the Mongolian army is victorious in all battles cannot be summed up in these few items. Formulating the best strategy for various battlefield situations is the fundamental reason why the Mongolian army is invincible. The above description is not enough to prove that the Mongolian Kingdom is a country, at least not a super military country.The basic cornerstone of a country, especially a military state, is laws. The laws enacted by Genghis Khan may seem rough on the surface, but they are simple and practical.