Chapter 15 14. Deng Zhongxia - the revolutionary hero of the labor movement leader

Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933), courtesy name Zhongxi, also known as Deng Kang.A native of Yizhang, Hunan.A member of the Communist Party of China and a leader of the labor movement. In 1917, 23-year-old Deng Zhongxia went to Beijing with his father and was admitted to the Department of Literature of Peking University.Under the guidance of Li Dazhao and the encouragement and influence of the October Socialist Revolution, Deng Zhongxia began to study Marxism-Leninism, and actively participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle at that time, becoming an activist and a famous figure in the school.

In March 1919, Deng Zhongxia and others initiated the Peking University Lecture Group on Civilian Education aimed at "enhancing common people's knowledge and arousing their self-consciousness". . On May 4, Deng Zhongxia and his Peking University classmates participated in the historic anti-imperialist patriotic movement. On May 6, the Beijing Secondary School Students' Federation was established, and Deng Zhongxia was promoted as the general affairs officer of the federation. In March 1920, under the leadership of Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, He Mengxiong, Huang Rikui, Gao Shangde, Luo Zhanglong and others secretly organized the Marxist Theory Research Society.Deng Zhongxia studied Marxism eagerly, and paid attention to combining it with the reality of the Chinese revolution. Fundamental changes took place in his world outlook and he established a firm belief in Marxism.

In October 1920, Deng Zhongxia joined the Beijing Communist Group.He was one of the earliest members of the Communist Group. In November 1920, under the guidance of Li Dazhao, the Beijing Socialist Youth League was established, and Deng Zhongxia also became a member of this organization. After the formal establishment of the Communist Party of China in 1921, the Provisional Central Bureau of the Chinese Socialist Youth League was also formed in Shanghai.According to the requirements of the Provisional Central Bureau, in December of the same year, the Beijing Local Executive Committee of the Socialist Youth League was established, and Deng Zhongxia was elected as the secretary.

In August 1921, the Secretariat of the Chinese Labor Organization was established in Shanghai as the general body of the Communist Party of China to openly lead the labor movement.Deng Zhongxia served as the director of the northern branch and was responsible for leading the northern labor movement. In May 1922, after the first National Labor Conference, the headquarters of the secretariat was moved from Shanghai to Beijing, and the director of the secretariat was Deng Zhongxia. In August 1923, the Second Congress of the Chinese Socialist Youth League was held in Nanjing.The congress accepted the policy of establishing a revolutionary united front determined by the Communist Party, and agreed that members of the Youth League should join the Kuomintang in their own names.The General Assembly elected seven members to form the Central Executive Committee, and Deng Zhongxia was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee.The General Assembly organized the Provisional Central Bureau, and Deng Zhongxia was elected as the chairman to preside over the work of the Central Committee.

In 1924, the Chinese labor movement set off another climax. Since then, Deng Zhongxia left his job in the Youth League and devoted himself to the Shanghai labor movement. In April 1925, Deng Zhongxia was ordered to leave Shanghai for Guangzhou.During his work in Shanghai, he wrote many articles and put forward many outstanding insights on important issues in the labor movement, youth movement, peasant movement and soldier movement.This shows that Deng Zhongxia already had a relatively deep understanding of Marxism-Leninism, and was able to discuss various practical issues in the Chinese revolution with the standpoint, viewpoint and method of Marxism-Leninism.

On April 12, 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, Deng Zhongxia came to Wuhan, and he participated in the "August 7th" meeting held in Hankou by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to save the revolution.At this meeting, Chen Duxiu was removed from his leadership position, and a new Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee was elected. Deng Zhongxia was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.Soon, Deng Zhongxia was sent to Shanghai to serve as the secretary of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee. In February 1928, Deng Zhongxia was sent to Hong Kong to serve as Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee.

On March 18, 1928, the Fourth Red Workers International Congress was held in Moscow. Deng Zhongxia and Su Zhaozheng led the Chinese trade union delegation to attend the meeting.The two of them were once again elected as members of the Central Executive Board of the Red Workers International. On June 18, Deng Zhongxia, together with Zhou Enlai and Qu Qiubai, participated in the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Moscow and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee. On July 19, 1930, Deng Zhongxia returned to Shanghai from Moscow. In September, Deng Zhongxia was sent by the Party Central Committee to work in the revolutionary base areas of the Soviet Area.After Wang Ming came to power, Deng Zhongxia was dismissed from all his posts. In the autumn of 1932, the party organization appointed Deng Zhongxia as the director and party secretary of the National Red Mutual Aid Association to engage in underground work in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.

On the evening of May 15, 1933, Deng Zhongxia went to the Mutual Aid Federation to study and arrange work, and was arrested by the patrol room of the French Concession. Lin Suqin, the rescue minister of the Mutual Aid Federation, was arrested at the same time.Deng Zhongxia's pseudonym was Shi Yi, but the enemy suspected that he was a responsible cadre of our party.Deng Zhongxia argued hard, and also invited famous lawyer Shi Liang and others to help him defend himself.Despite being tortured by the enemy, he never revealed his identity.Later, because Lin Suqin couldn't stand the enemy's coercion and temptation, she confessed Deng Zhongxia's true identity.The Central Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang immediately bought the patrol house in the French Concession, and Deng Zhongxia was extradited to Nanjing.

At dawn on September 21, 1933, under the Yuhuatai, Deng Zhongxia shouted "Down with the Kuomintang!" "Long live the Communist Party of China!" and heroically dedicated his precious life to the cause of communism.He was 39 years old when he died.