Chapter 101 100. Enthusiasm for the country——Journal of Qiu Dongping, teaching director of Central China Branch of Luyi College of the New Fourth Army

The heavy night shrouded the land of northern Jiangsu. It was midnight on July 23, 1941.A team of the New Fourth Army is marching in a river network in the Funing area of ​​Yan (City).According to the order of the military department, this team, composed of some teachers and students of the Drama Department, Music Department, and Literature Department of Central China Branch of Lu Xun Academy of Arts, as well as ordinary classes, evacuated from the station in the evening of the same day-Yancheng Tushi Temple, and went to Jianyang No. 5, Yancheng County. area to jump out of the enemy's encirclement.The narrow field ridges swim between the river branches like snakes, and only allow one person to pass through. In addition, after the rain, it is muddy and there is no light. paddy fields.

"Don't panic, keep your feet flat!" "Follow each other closely, don't fall behind..." In the team, a person's exhortation sounded from time to time.The strong Cantonese dialect is familiar to everyone.The speaker was small in stature, but full of energy, with a pistol and a brown leather bag crossed on his waist, looking mighty and capable.He is Qiu Dongping, teaching director of Central China Branch of Lu Xun Academy of Arts. Qiu Dongping (formerly known as Qiu Tanyue, courtesy name Xizhen) was born on May 16, 1910 (April 8 in the Gengxu year of the lunar calendar) in a well-to-do family in Ma Fulan Village, Meilong Town, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. In May 1925, he joined the Communist Youth League of China and served as the secretary of the "Haifeng Special Branch" (then named "Haifeng School Branch"). , Making slogans, etc. In 1926, at the age of 16, Qiu Dongping served as the secretary-general of the Hailufeng District Committee of the Communist Youth League. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of China. In 1927, Qiu Dongping and his fifth brother Qiu Ruzhen (members of the Communist Party) successively participated in the first armed uprising of Hailufeng people, Haifeng people’s armed uprising and Hailufeng people’s second armed uprising; when the first Soviet regime in Chinese history—— When the Hailufeng People's Government was threatened by the Kuomintang reactionaries, he and his comrades fought bravely to defend the red regime.During this period, he served as the secretary of Peng Pai, Chairman of the Hailufeng Soviet Government. At the end of February 1928, the Hailufeng Soviet government failed, and he stayed in Haifeng to persist in the struggle.Later, due to the deteriorating situation, he was forced to go into exile in Hong Kong and Kowloon with the help of his relatives.

After the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, Qiu Dongping was introduced by his second brother Qiu Guozhen and went to Nanchang to serve as the secretary of Weng Zhaoyuan, commander of the 156th brigade of the 19th Route Army. In 1932, the "January 28th" Songhu Anti-Japanese War broke out, and the patriotic officers and soldiers of the 19th Route Army fought back against the Japanese attack. Four brothers including Qiu Dongping and the fifth brother Qiu Ruzhen participated in the battle to defend Greater Shanghai, and took a group photo on the battlefield, and then followed the army Withdrew to Fujian and participated in the establishment of the Fujian People's Government.Entrusted by the 19th Route Army, he made a special trip from Fuzhou to Shanghai to find the party organization, and promptly reported the 19th Route Army's intentions and plans to oppose Chiang, resist Japan, and unite the Communist Party to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.For a period of time after that, he was actively engaged in the propaganda work of the Party’s anti-Japanese national salvation proposition and the organizational work of the Party’s anti-Japanese united front in Hong Kong and Shanghai, and visited General Ye Ting who temporarily lived in Hong Kong and Shanghai many times; , He participated in the work of the "Leftist League" and visited Guo Moruo. After the "July 7th" Incident broke out, Qiu Dongping personally experienced the "August 13th" Anti-Japanese War in Songhu.

The artillery fire of the Anti-Japanese War aroused Qiu Dongping's strong revolutionary enthusiasm, and also opened the floodgate of his creative desire.Holding a gun in one hand and a pen in the other, he went north from Shanghai to Jinan and went west to Hankou to participate in the anti-Japanese activities.In Jinan, he wrote "A Stormy Day"; in Nanjing, he wrote "Impressions of General Ye Ting" and "Weng Zhaoyuan, who is good at building fortifications"; "A Long Combat Experience" and other works, and collaborated with Ouyang Shan, Cao Ming, Shao Zinan, and Yu Feng on the novella "The Giver".This work "representing the emergence of the will to resist the war" was written by him.In Nanchang, he wrote "I Know Such an Enemy".He became an influential writer describing the life of the Anti-Japanese War during the Anti-Japanese War.His works, whether they are novels or reportage, run through a clear and dazzling red line of patriotism.

In October 1937, the New Fourth Army Preparatory Office was established in Wuhan. Qiu Dongping participated in the preparatory work and moved with Ye Ting to the New Fourth Army Preparatory Office at No. 28 Taihe Street, Hankou. At the same time, he rushed to write novels and reportage on the theme of the Anti-Japanese War. On January 6, 1938, the New Fourth Army was established in Nanchang. He left Wuhan for the headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Nanchang at the end of the month, and was assigned to the New Fourth Army Field Service Corps to do propaganda work.Soon, Ye Ting marched into the west of Anhui. In April, the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army decided to form an advance detachment to go deep into the enemy's rear in southern Jiangsu, conduct strategic reconnaissance, carry out guerrilla warfare, and open the way for the main force. He asked to participate.Su Yu, the commander of the advance detachment, disagreed at first. He went to Chen Yi, the commander of the first detachment, and left a letter when he didn't see it. , I have an 'important' task, and I am very eager to know about the dispatch of the advance detachment with a great historical mission and how it will work in the enemy's front, rear, left, and right in the future." He also suggested that he knew a little Japanese and could do A little propaganda work against the enemy forces.Afterwards he met Chen Yi, and Commander Chen said with a smile, "Yes, you must follow along as a correspondent." He finally got his wish. Southern Jiangsu battlefield. In late July, the first detachment of the New Fourth Army led by Chen Yi and the second detachment led by Zhang Dingcheng advanced into the enemy's rear in southern Jiangsu. Maoshan Anti-Japanese Base.

In a team of the New Fourth Army, he successively participated in the battles of Danyang, Yanling, Erling and Huangqiao.As a member of the New Fourth Army, he fought bravely and tenaciously on the anti-Japanese battlefield without fear of sacrifice.At the same time, with fire-like fighting enthusiasm, he used his pen to reflect the struggle between the New Fourth Army and the people in the anti-Japanese base areas and the Japanese and puppet troops.For example: He wrote "Marching to the Enemy's Back and Back" at a place only 70 kilometers away from the fire line; his reportage "Intercept" reported to the Chinese people in time what the New Fourth Army had achieved in its first battle against the Japanese invaders after entering the south of the Yangtze River. Brilliant victory.He personally participated in the battle to pull out the Dongwan stronghold of the Japanese army on the Beijing-Hangzhou main road, and soon wrote a reportage "Dongwan-Destruction of the Japanese Stronghold" based on the actual battle.His outstanding performance and outstanding work have been valued by the party and affirmed by the people and soldiers.Commander Chen Yi affirmed his loyalty to the party and the people in his telegram to Yuan Guoping, director of the military political department.His reportage collection "March to the Enemy's Belly and Back" collected the works he wrote with the New Fourth Army going deep into the enemy's south of the Yangtze River. After being published by the New Fourth Army Military Headquarters, he was welcomed by the soldiers in the front and the people in the rear. He was called "the writer of the people, a Armed warriors who face reality".

In November 1940, the Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided to establish the Central China Branch of Lu Xun Academy of Arts in Yancheng, and Qiu Dongping was one of the preparatory committee members.He worked actively for the establishment of Luyi Huazhong Branch. On a snowy afternoon in early February 1941, Lu Yi Huazhong Branch held an inaugural meeting at the former site of Yancheng Poor Children’s Hospital. At the meeting, Liu Shaoqi, the political commissar of the New Fourth Army, and Chen Yi, the acting commander, made speeches and reported on the preparatory process.The dean is concurrently held by Liu Shaoqi, who was appointed as the teaching director.The branch is located at the former site of the poor children's hospital in Yancheng and the nearby Dousiate Temple. Students come from all over the world. In addition to coming from the anti-Japanese base areas in central China, there are also those who have trekked thousands of miles, passed through numerous blockades, and risked their lives from enemy-occupied areas, Kuomintang-controlled areas, and overseas. The hot-blooded youth who came.The life here is harsh, the conditions are simple, and the teaching equipment and teachers are insufficient. Qiu Dongping and the teachers and students worked together to clean up the environment, pick soil and build roads, build a stage, eat corn paste and red sorghum with everyone, and sleep on the floor together. Give lectures to the literature department in person.The teachers and students of the school learn while teaching, and practice while creating. They often go deep into the army, rural areas and schools to perform and publicize.In less than half a year, they created and performed many repertoires such as "A Family in Southern Anhui" and "Chongqing Symphony". Painted wall paintings on the streets and opened anti-Japanese war art exhibitions on the streets, and those who studied literature wrote reports, published wall newspapers, and wrote street poems.In the anti-Japanese base area in northern Jiangsu, Luyi Huazhong Branch was not only a college for cultivating literary and artistic cadres for the revolution, but also a very combative anti-Japanese propaganda team.

Qiu Dongping undertook heavy academic and teaching work, and did not stop creating.He began to write a novel based on the Maoshan anti-Japanese base area opened up by the New Fourth Army, and the army commander Chen Yi also approved him to create a fake rush.Commander Chen said to him, I have read your articles, to be honest, hundreds of soldiers are easy to find, but it is not easy to find a writer like you Qiu Dongping!When he told Army Commander Chen Yi that his novel was titled "Under Maoshan", Chen Yi praised and said, well, the proud and unyielding peaks of Maoshan symbolize the heroic posture of our New Fourth Army athletes.He asked Dongping to write it quickly and show it to him one after another...

During the Anti-Japanese War, the situation changed rapidly. Beginning on July 20, 1941, the Japanese invaders concentrated one part each of the 15th and 17th Divisions and the entire 12th Brigade, with about 17,000 people, and gathered puppet troops in an attempt to wipe out the headquarters of the New Fourth Army and the 3rd Division in one fell swoop. division.The enemy's wishful thinking is to attack Yancheng together and attack Funing in the north.At the evacuation meeting held by the military department, Chen Yi said: "My command organization and main force must jump out of the enemy's joint attack circle in time from the very beginning, copy the enemy's back from the outside line, and form a strong anti-encirclement situation. Choice. Faced with this serious situation, the Central China Bureau decided to break up the Luyi branch into parts and send teachers and students to the anti-Japanese local regimes and troops at all levels in Yanfu District to participate in the struggle."

When the meeting ended, the army commander grabbed Qiu Dongping: "Brother Comrade, it seems that your "Under Maoshan" has to be put on hold." "Of course you must obey the war." Qiu Dongping answered simply. Now, Qiu Dongping and his comrades are breaking out on the land of northern Jiangsu.The river branches criss-cross like a network, and the high and low crowing of frogs from far and near sets off the loneliness of the night. The team led by Professor Meng Bo of the Music Department of Central China Branch of Lu Xun Academy of Arts (also the branch dean), Qiu Dongping and Xu Qing, a professor of Drama Department, continued to move forward with difficulty.Suddenly, there was a sound of enemy motorboats from far and near.Immediately afterwards, a gleaming beam of white light swept towards the team obliquely, and passed by more than a foot above their heads.

"Get down to the rice field, squat down!" Following Meng Bo's order, all the people jumped and slid down the rice field.Qiu Dongping held the pistol in his hand, stepped over to Meng Bo's side, and Xu Qing also came.The three of them analyzed the enemy's situation, discussed countermeasures, and issued an order for emergency transfer to highlight the enemy's encirclement. When the rooster crowed twice, the team left Beiqin Village.Xu Qing, who was leading the combat squad, vaguely saw a group of people walking in front of them.Xu Qing paused for a moment, thinking that her troops might be ahead, and continued walking eastward.Not far away, suddenly, gunshots rang out.It's the enemy!The enemy fired their guns and let out a howl of "chih li wah la" and outflanked them from the east, south, and west.Xu Qing was fearless in the face of danger, and led several comrades in the combat squad to block the enemy with an earthen wall, cover the team to break through, and unfortunately sacrificed heroically. To the north, there is a river four or five meters wide, and a wooden bridge above it is the only passage.The cunning Japanese invaders had laid a firepower net at the southern end of the wooden bridge and blocked the bridgehead with crossfire from machine guns, apparently intending to wipe out the New Fourth Army here. The breakout has begun! Qiu Dongping lay down behind a raised field ridge beside the bridge. While blocking the enemy, he directed the withdrawn comrades to rush across the bridge and transfer to Zhangzhuang in the northwest direction. He ran left and right on the battlefield, leading a group of teachers and students, breaking through the enemy's dense fire blockade and crossing the river.But looking back, he saw that there were still some teachers and students south of the bridge, so he hurried back immediately.Suddenly, a bullet shot at him, hit the enamel tank on his waist, passed by, he dismissed it, aimed at an enemy, pulled the trigger, and the Japanese officer fell down.The Japanese invaders panicked for a while.He seized this opportunity and led a few students across the river for the second time without hesitation. "Director Qiu, hurry up and transfer with us!" Several students shouted. "No, you retreat quickly, I'll cover!" He continued to calmly direct the comrades who hadn't rushed out of the enemy's encirclement to cross the river. Comrades in distress, according to his guidance, some swam across the river, some crawled across the bridge.A large number of comrades escaped danger, but Qiu Dongping gave his precious life. After the enemy left, the comrades found Qiu Dongping's body by the bridge not far from Zhangzhuang, with a butter cloth raincoat folded into a ring and a brown leather bag still slanted on his back.The comrades gently opened the brown leather bag, and there was only a stack of thick manuscript paper, which was the manuscript of "Under Maoshan". On the first page, it was signed in smooth handwriting: Qiu Dongping. In memory of Qiu Dongping, Yan'an literary and art circles held a grand memorial meeting in Yan'an Cultural Club on December 14 of that year. Commander Chen Yi of the New Fourth Army wrote affectionately in the article "The List of Generals and Schools of Our Army Who Died in the Anti-Japanese War": Comrades Qiu Dongping and Xu Qing...are good at literature and art, and their anti-Japanese works are well-known overseas;...their propaganda and mobilization are popular Quartet.At a young age, the future is limited, but once you die in the country, how can you make up for the loss of talents.Thinking of this, it hurts so much! In 1953, "Dongping Selected Works" was published, and Chen Yi wrote "Dongping Selected Works" in his own handwriting. Dongping's works are brilliant.But what is more brilliant is his fighting life and his spirit of dedicating himself to fighting for the liberation of the people!