Chapter 3 002. Lin Haixueyuan writes Spring and Autumn——Record of Yang Jingyu, Commander-in-Chief of the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army and Great National Hero

In the 1930s, on the northeast anti-Japanese battlefield, a prominent anti-Japanese armed force led by the Communist Party of China - the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army was active.His commander-in-chief and political commissar is the famous anti-Japanese national hero General Yang Jingyu. Yang Jingyu, formerly known as Ma Shangde, also known as Shunqing, styled Jisheng.Due to the needs of revolutionary work, he used pseudonyms such as Zhang Guanyi, Naichao, and Zhou Min. The pseudonym "Yang Jingyu" started to be used after he went to work in South Manchuria in 1932. On the tenth day of the first lunar month in 1905, Yang Jingyu was born in Liwan Village, Queshan County, Henan Province.He entered a private school in the village at the age of 7, was admitted to the Queshan County Higher Primary School at the age of 13, and was admitted to the Kaifeng Textile and Dyeing Industrial School in Henan Province at the age of 19.

In 1925, after the "May 30th" massacre in Shanghai, Yang Jingyu participated in the just struggle in support of the working class in Shanghai.In the autumn, he joined the Youth Association, a peripheral organization of the Henan Youth League, and joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in July of the following year. In October 1926, under the instructions of the party, Yang Jingyu returned to his hometown of Queshan County to carry out the peasant movement and organize the peasant association. On February 15, 1927, he was elected president of the County Farmers Association. In the early morning of April 4th of this year, Yang Jingyu and others led more than 10,000 peasants armed with knives, spears, hoes, and shotguns in accordance with the decision of the Queshan County Special Branch of the Communist Party of China to organize peasant riots, capture the county seat, and support the Northern Expedition. Shan County launched a violent attack. After 4 days and nights of bloody fighting, more than 200 enemies were wiped out, and the false county magistrate was captured alive. The riot was a success!

On May 5, Yang Jingyu joined the Communist Party of China.After that, he took part in the riot in southern Henan on November 1st.The uprising armed forces were formally organized into the Queshan Detachment of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, with Yang Jingyu as the commander-in-chief. On November 22, he and the party representative Li Mingqi commanded the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army to raid Minggang and wiped out the militia groups; the next day they defeated the landlord's armed forces in Minggang. In the spring of 1928, Yang Jingyu led his troops to Siwang Mountain in the Dabie Mountains, where he joined other peasant rebels and jointly founded the Siwang Mountain Revolutionary Base.

In the spring of 1929, Yang Jingyu was instructed by the Party Central Committee to work in the Northeast under the pseudonym Zhang Guanyi.Served as Secretary of Fushun Special Branch and Secretary of Harbin Municipal Party Committee. In April 1932, he served as an alternate member of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and acting secretary of the Military Commission of the Provincial Committee.This winter, he took a train to Yandunshan Station in Nanman and entered the dense forest. In the early spring of 1933, Li Hongguang, the leader of the Anti-Japanese "Workers and Peasants Volunteer Army" in Panshi County, led two soldiers to the agreed place to welcome Yang Jingyu to the army.

After understanding the situation, Yang Jingyu organized the Panshi Volunteer Army and other anti-Japanese armed forces into the "South Manchurian Guerrilla Unit of the 32nd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", and he served as political commissar.Li Hongguang served as political commissar of the teaching team. Then, Yang Jingyu went to Hailong County to inspect the work, and formally organized the anti-Japanese guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China as the "Hailong Guerrillas of the 37th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army".Soon, he heard that the Panshi guerrillas had suffered losses, and he returned to Panshi to train the troops and revive the army.From its establishment to May 1933, the Panshi Guerrilla Team experienced more than 60 battles, wiped out more than 130 Japanese and puppet troops, and established Hongshilazi as the center, including Panshi, Yitong, Shuangyang, Huadian, and Jilin. Anti-Japanese guerrilla bases in the country.

Yang Jingyu actively implemented the spirit of the "Letter to Party Headquarters at All Levels and All Party Members in Manchuria" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on January 26, 1933.After attending a meeting of the Provincial Party Committee in June, he earnestly publicized the CCP’s policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front in South Manchuria. The party's policies are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In July 1933, Yang Jingyu invited the "Mao Tuan", "Ma Tuan", "Zhao Lu", "Han Tuan", "Sanjianghao", "Sijihao", "Changzhan", "Xu Tuan" in the northern part of Panshi "The leaders of the Volunteer Army and the Forestry Team held a meeting and jointly agreed to form a "Joint Staff Office", electing Mao Zuobin (the leader of the Maotuan) as the commander-in-chief, Yang Jingyu as the chairman of the political committee, and Li Hongguang as the chief of staff.The formation of this armed anti-Japanese united front played a positive role in uniting all anti-Japanese armed forces to fight against Japan.At the same time, after Yang Jingyu's various forms of propaganda and education, the camps of the puppet army also changed, and some even mutinied in entire platoons and joined the anti-Japanese team, which made the lineup of the guerrillas stronger and their combat effectiveness constantly improved.On the second anniversary of the "September 18th" Incident, according to the decision of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Panshi guerrillas were expanded into an independent division of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army. Yang Jingyu served as the division commander and political commissar, and Li Hongguang served as the chief of staff. Song Tieyan served as director of the Political Department.

In late October 1933, Yang Jingyu led the main force of the independent division across the south of the Huifa River, and advanced to Jiangnan (later changed to Jingyu County), Huinan, Jinchuan (now near Jinchuan Town, Huinan County), Liuhe, and Fusong Guerrilla activities were carried out in other places, and successively carried out the battle of Jianshuidingzi, Hanlongwan, Jinchuan County, and the battle of Sanyuanpu, Liuhe County, which not only dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, but also expanded the influence of the party, and encouraged and won some leaders of the anti-Japanese army.In less than half a year, under the banner of the party's joint anti-Japanese war, Yang Jingyu united more than 20 anti-Japanese armed forces, a total of more than 4,000 people. On February 21, 1934, the independent division and the leaders of various anti-Japanese troops negotiated and decided in Lazi, the city wall of Jiangxian County, to establish the general headquarters of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, and Yang Jingyu was elected as the commander-in-chief.

On November 5, 1934, the first congress of the Communist Party of China in South Manchuria was held in Ercha, Sidaojiang, Linjiang County. On November 7, according to Yang Jingyu's proposal, the conference announced that the independent division would be formally organized as the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army's No. In the First Army, Yang Jingyu was the commander and political commissar, Pu Zonghan was the chief of staff, Song Tieyan was the director of the political department, Li Hongguang and Cao Guoan were the commanders and political commissars of the first division and the second division respectively.After the establishment of the First Army, Yang Jingyu used flexible tactics to command the troops to smash the enemy's autumn "crusade", successively captured 16 large and small towns, and expanded the guerrilla zone to 25 counties.

In July 1936, the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army was renamed the First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and Yang Jingyu was still the commander and political commissar of the army. At the beginning of July, Yang Jingyu and Wei Zhengmin presided over the joint meeting of the special committees of East Manchuria and South Manchuria and the main leading cadres of the First and Second Armies (the "Heli Conference"), and decided to combine the First Army and the Second Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance It was compiled as the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and a general headquarters was established. Yang Jingyu served as the commander-in-chief and political commissar, Wang Detai served as the deputy commander-in-chief, and Wei Zhengmin served as the director of the General Political Department.Faced with the gradual development of the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese War, Yang Jingyu wrote "Military Song of the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army" with passion:

We are the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, the first army that created the Allied Army.The sound of Ping Pong's charging, killing the enemy and disarming the weapons is the ironclad proof of the victory of the revolution. The correct revolutionary creed should be observed, and officers and soldiers are treated equally.The iron-like military discipline must be obeyed and tempered into an invincible revolutionary iron army. Dear comrades, unite and retake the lost land of our country from the enemy's elite guns and knives, and liberate the life of the subjugated slaves! Forward, brave comrades!Drive away the Japanese invaders and overthrow the "Manchukuo".This time the national revolutionary war is to complete the liberation movement of weak and small nations.

Hanging high in our sky, the red light of the victorious banner shines everywhere.Charge, our First Route Army!Charge, our First Route Army! In June 1936, Yang Jingyu led an expedition to Liaoxi, Rehe, and Inner Mongolia with the first division, in order to open up the connection with the Red Army and the Party Central Committee in the pass, expand the guerrilla area, and led the army to start from Heli and move south.On the way to the south, the troops successfully ambushed the Japanese garrison in Dahuanggou, Tonghua, and wiped out more than 200 enemies. Then they fought a happy annihilation battle in Erdaoweizi, Ji'an County (now Ji'an), killing more than 10 enemies. , captured 10 enemies.The successive major victories won by the coalition forces made the enemy furious. They mobilized a large number of troops to rush eastward. Among them, the enemy who followed closely behind was the deadly enemy of the Anti-Japanese coalition forces——Shao ​​Benliang, commander of the East Front Road of the Puppet Manchukuo Army.Yang Jingyu fought against him many times and won every time. At the end of June 1936, Shao Benliang believed that he would be able to avenge himself with the command of Miki, the commander of the Japanese Army in South Manchuria, and the cooperation of the Tenth Division of the Japanese Army, the Fengtian Artillery Battalion and the Air Force. Yang Jingyu decided to take advantage of Shao Benliang's eagerness for a decisive battle, adopt the tactics of leading the bull's nose, deal with the enemy, and wait for an opportunity to wipe out the enemy.Yang Jingyu led the team and led Shao Benliang around in Tonghua, Xinbin, Huanren, Kuandian and other counties.Along the way, Yang Jingyu asked the soldiers to deliberately throw away some food and clothing to confuse the enemy.Sure enough, Shao Benliang was caught in the trick, and he pursued him relentlessly. In late July, Shao Benliang was taken to the Saimaji mountain area east of Benxi.Seeing that the fighter plane was mature, Yang Jingyu gathered his troops for combat mobilization.He said: "I told you a long time ago that we have the 'four no-hits'." He stretched out his right hand and said, "First, don't hit if the terrain is unfavorable; Three, we must pay a high price not to fight; fourth, the damage to the local people is too great not to fight. Now the mountains are high, the residents are not many, the enemy is tired, and the time is ripe for fighting!" Then, Yang Jingyu deployed the troops and weapons in detail, and stipulated specific matters such as coordination signals.All the ministries immediately ambushed around Lishudianzi, where the enemy must pass, according to the prescribed time.In the early morning of the next day, Shao Benliang triumphantly led a main regiment and artillery squadron to catch up, and soon entered the ambush circle.Yang Jingyu raised the shelling gun with both hands, "Bah! Bah!" two cavalrymen in the enemy's team were killed.As soon as Yang Jingyu's double guns fired, the soldiers opened fire, and the violent bullets resounded through Lishudianzi like a mountain roar and a tsunami, catching the enemy by surprise.After nearly 4 hours of fierce fighting, the enemy failed miserably. In 1937, the "July 7th" Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, and Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China.Yang Jingyu immediately organized troops to actively carry out guerrilla warfare in Huanren, Xinbin, Qingyuan, Kuandian, Ji'an, Tonghua and other places, and tried his best to contain the Japanese troops and cooperate with the anti-Japanese war inside the pass. At the beginning of 1938, Yang Jingyu led the military department and teaching group from Huanren to Laoling Mountain in Ji'an County to carry out guerrilla warfare.In the battle of Huitougou, the third regiment of the puppet military police was completely wiped out; on March 13, a surprise attack on the Laoling tunnel construction site caused the enemy to lose more than 200,000 yuan; in April, more than 60 puppet Fengtian cavalry teaching teams were wiped out at Gaolihe Bridge; 6 On March 19, the Japanese garrison was attacked in the Tukouzi Tunnel of the Tong (Chemical) Ji (An) Railway, and the Japanese consultants Kobayashi and Takeuchi were captured, and the construction site facilities, duty rooms, and construction equipment and materials were burned... The Japanese invaders, who were attacked one after another, panicked and redeployed their troops and generals, and even transferred the puppet army Suo brigade to deal with Yang Jingyu.The Suo brigade is a mixed brigade, and all the leaders above the squad leader are Japanese.Brigadier Suo Yushan is a murderous executioner. On August 2, the troops led by Yang Jingyu had just set off from Babaogou, and the scouts came to report: After starting from Ji'an County, the Suo brigade headed towards the lively street along the highway. Yes, resting in the south of Buicaigou in Changgang! Among the dense trees, Yang Jingyu saw through the binoculars the officers and soldiers of the 42nd Cavalry Regiment and the 32nd Infantry Regiment of the Suo Brigade, each with their chests exposed, and some simply lying in the shade of the trees, using branches to repel mosquitoes and midges.While observing, he said to himself: "We will fight when the enemy is tired, now is the right time!" According to Yang Jingyu's deployment, the troops rushed to the ambush area within an hour.At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, when more than 300 soldiers of Suo brigade walked into the ambush circle exhaustedly, Yang Jingyu gave an order, and bullets poured down like a rainstorm.The enemy's camp suddenly became chaotic, some drilled into the bushes, and some abandoned their guns and ran towards the bottom of the ditch.The Anti-Union soldiers rushed down the hill with bayonets in hand, and started hand-to-hand combat with the enemy.In this battle, the Suo brigade was almost wiped out, and Japanese infantry captain Takaoka Takehiro and cavalry lieutenant Shigetaka Nishida were also killed. Under the correct command of Yang Jingyu, the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese War was like a stream of iron, rolling across the land in the southeast.Their prestige shocked the enemy, and their feats were remembered by the people. In December 1937, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the party's "Seventh National Congress" preparatory committee and appointed Yang Jingyu as a member. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held from September to November 1938, Yang Jingyu, the commander of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, was called to express his deepest respect to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army, which has fought against the enemy in the ice and snow for more than seven years. Salute to the great national revolution! After the autumn of 1938, due to the intensified "crusade" by the enemy and the continuous deterioration of the fighting environment, the anti-union troops led by Yang Jingyu were forced to enter the deep mountains and jungles around Changbai Mountain.They experienced the severe winter of ice and snow in 1938, and the harsh summer of 1939, fighting against the Japanese and puppet troops one after another, overcoming unimaginable hardships and hardships. At the end of 1939, Yang Jingyu, Wei Zhengmin and others held an emergency party meeting near Hongshilazi, Huadian County, and decided to disperse activities with small troops.After the meeting, Yang Jingyu led the guard brigade of the military department to fight in Huadian, Huinan, Jiang, Fusong, Tonghua and other places in a roundabout way to attract the frontal enemy and facilitate the division of troops. At this time, the enemy gathered more than 75,000 people, and the opposing coalition forces began a joint "crusade."The enemy army adopted "stepping tactics", "comb tactics", and "dog mosquito tactics" to carry out "iron wall encirclement".They also specially organized "Fusen Task Force", "Cheng Jinjin Team", and "Tang Jinjin Team" in an attempt to assassinate Yang Jingyu. In January 1940, the Japanese army stepped up the implementation of the "Security and Rectification" plan against the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, which made the situation of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces that had lost contact with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China even more difficult. At the end of January, the Anti-Union Army failed in the battle against a large group of enemies in Horse Butt Mountain. Yang Jingyu lost contact with the army, and there were only more than 60 people around him. On February 1, in order to reduce sacrifices and preserve strength, they decided to disperse and break through. They did not want the special guard platoon leader to take the opportunity to carry guns, 10,000 yuan in cash and confidential documents to defect to the enemy, and some soldiers fled; on February 2, only More than 20 people; on February 10, there were only 12 people left.Yang Jingyu's situation is even more dangerous.They had to endure extreme hunger and fatigue, resist the bone-piercing cold wind, and fight hard in the encirclement of enemy soldiers, resulting in constant casualties. In the early morning of February 15th, Yang Jingyu and his soldiers Nie Donghua and Zhu Zhongfan broke through the encirclement and siege of several groups of enemies and came to the forest highland in the east of Dabei Mountain in Jiang County.After they rested for a while, Yang Jingyu asked the two soldiers to go to a nearby village to get some food, and made an appointment for a meeting place.After they left, the traitor Cui Zhoufeng led the enemy to catch up.Yang Jingyu, who was suffering from a bad cold, seized the top of the hill, and fought fiercely with guns in both hands, pressing the enemy down the hillside.Seeing that the hard attack was impossible, Japanese officer Ito shouted: "Your, you can't run away, surrender now!" Yang Jingyu lured him to stand up.Immediately fired three bullets, killing Ito immediately.Kill the traitor casually.Taking advantage of the confusion of the enemy, he took advantage of the dark sky to retreat to the depths of the dense forest. On February 18, Zhu Zhongfan and Nie Donghua also died while looking for food.After the enemy found Yang Jingyu's seal from them, they further narrowed the encirclement.At this time, Yang Jingyu was alone, and his body was extremely weak.When he is thirsty, he grabs a handful of snow; when he is hungry, he swallows bark, grass roots or cotton wool... At around 4:00 p.m. on February 23, when Yang Jingyu made his way to Sandaoweizi in the southwest of Baoan Village, Jiang County, he was surrounded by hundreds of enemies following him, only a distance of more than 20 meters.With the heroic spirit of fighting the enemy to the end, Yang Jingyu leaned on a big tree and shot with both hands. The approaching enemy was killed and injured more than 20 people.In order to catch the living and ask for rewards, the enemy used tricks to persuade them to surrender and shouted: "Drop your weapons, save your life, and you can still be rich!" Yang Jingyu laughed contemptuously, stood up and shouted: "The final victory belongs to the Chinese nation!" !” At the same time, while burning the confidential documents, he shot at the sneaking up enemy.Seeing that the persuasion to capitulate was ineffective, the Japanese aggressors fired violently. Yang Jingyu was shot several times and finally fell down. The red blood was spilled on the riverside... After the great people's hero and excellent communist fighter, General Yang Jingyu died heroically, the inhuman enemy cut off his head and opened his abdomen to "show the public".But the enemy was horrified.It turned out that Yang Jingyu, who had dragged them around in the ice and snow for several months, had no food in his stomach except the undigested bark, grass roots and cotton wadding!What a strong and unyielding hero! After the liberation of the whole country, in order to commemorate Yang Jingyu, the party and the government decided to change Jiang County to Jingyu County, and built a majestic and solemn Jingyu Cemetery in Tonghua City. On February 23, 1958, on the occasion of the 18th anniversary of Yang Jingyu's death in the country, a public funeral ceremony was held with more than 9,000 people.Comrades such as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and party and state leaders Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, and Zhou Enlai sent wreaths.A memorial tower was erected at the place where Yang Jingyu died heroically, and Zhu De's vigorous and powerful inscription was engraved on the tower: Comrade Yang Jingyu, the people's hero, is immortal!