Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Geng Geng Loyalty Shines Brilliantly: Ye Jianying in the Long March

In the summer of 1934, the Central Soviet Area's fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, forcing the Central Red Army to embark on a major strategic shift - the Long March - in October.At this critical juncture in history, Ye Jianying made great contributions to the party and the people with his amazing courage and wisdom. On the eve of the Red Army's Long March, Ye Jianying was transferred from the commander of the Fujian Military Region of the Chinese Soviet Republic to the director of the Fourth Bureau of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission at that time, and was also in charge of the work of the team directly under the Military Commission.After he took office, he first investigated and understood the situation of cadres from various aspects, and proposed a cadre deployment plan to the Military Commission in a timely manner.At that time, many comrades suffered brutal struggles and merciless blows because they resisted the "Left" errors.Some were removed from their posts and expelled from the party on trumped-up charges.Before the strategic shift, the "Left" erroneous leaders regarded these cadres who were attacked as "burdens" and "cumbersome", and wanted to get rid of some of them and kill some of them.Ye Jianying tried her best within the scope of her authority to resist this wrong approach.He personally talked to these comrades, conducted investigations among the masses, and deeply felt that most of them were dissatisfied with the "Left" wrong leadership and supported the party's good cadres. Although some made mistakes, they were not serious in nature. ; some are redundant cadres.He believes that these precious treasures of the party should neither be regarded as "burdens" and discarded at will, let alone killed at will.Therefore, he insisted that these cadres should be protected.So, at the risk of being attacked, he spoke out and tried his best to get them to break through and transfer with the army.At that time, the National Security Bureau made an internal decision to issue a list of cadres who made "mistakes".There are fifty or sixty cadres on the list, divided into three categories: A, B, and C. One category is to be killed, the other category is to stay in the Soviet area, and the other category is allowed to participate in the breakout transfer.When the head of the security bureau took this list and asked for Ye Jianying's opinion, Ye argued hard, asking to keep as few people as possible, and resolutely opposed killing.For those who he knew about the situation, he stated his views on them one by one, and tried his best to protect them.The name of Bian Zhangwu was on the list, and he was included in the category to be shot.Ye Jianying said, I am very familiar with this comrade. He graduated from Baoding Military Academy. He is very knowledgeable and has relatively high military theory and military quality. Good man, how can you classify someone as a counter-revolutionary?The security chief was convinced, so he ticked off Bian Zhangwu's name.Since then, Ye Jianying and Bian Zhangwu have worked together for many years and never mentioned this matter to Bian.Later, Bian Zhangwu found out about this, and excitedly said to his wife, my head was saved by Ye Canzuo, and I will never forget his life-saving grace!This matter has been passed down as a good story.

That "roster" of cadres was a signal.Ye Jianying feels that the problem is very serious, and she has the responsibility to protect some comrades who have been wronged. At a meeting discussing how to organize the Military Commission column, he proposed to the leaders of the Military Commission suggestions and plans for the proper placement and protection of cadres. Under his proposal, with the approval of the Military Commission, a cadre group of the Military Commission (belonging to the camp school) was formed to retain The backbone of the battle includes some teachers and students from the Red Army University and several other schools that have been abolished, as well as the so-called "mistakes" cadres and redundant cadres who were attacked and rejected by the "left" leaders.These cadres can be assigned to various legions and arranged in the Military Commission as much as possible, and can be transferred at any time.In this way, a group of important cadres of the party and the Red Army were protected, including Xiao Jinguang, Guo Huaruo and others.After the Zunyi Conference, these cadres had their reputations restored and assigned jobs. They not only played an important role during the war years, but also became senior leading cadres of the party and the army after the founding of New China.

Of course, although Ye Jianying and other leaders who upheld justice tried their best to protect them, due to their own difficult situation, they could not help some important cadres who were forced to stay and were very influential at the time, and some were even close comrades. .Ye Jianying later recalled: "Li De is a powerful person. If he can't win the truth, he uses organizational means to punish you and deal with you. Many cadres were not brought out during the Long March, and comrades such as Qu Qiubai, Gu Bai, Mao Zetan, and Liu Bojian died in battle. Some died in battle, and some were killed. This is all done by Li De and the others."

Ye Jianying and Liu Bojian are very familiar old comrades in arms.In 1926, Liu and Deng Xiaoping were successively sent to Feng Yuxiang's army to do political work.His public identity is the deputy director of the political department of the national army coalition, and he is deeply trusted by Feng Yuxiang. After participating in planning and organizing the Ningdu Uprising in the Central Soviet Area in 1931, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Fifth Red Army Corps and made outstanding contributions.Before the Long March broke out, the wrong leader of the "Left" leaning was left in the Soviet area and served as the director of the Political Department of the Southern Jiangxi Military Region because he opposed the Wang Ming sect group during his studies at the Oriental University in Moscow.But Liu Bojian was not depressed because of being rejected, and still worked selflessly.In order to escort the main Red Army across the Dudu River, he personally visited the bridge construction site and carried out logistical support work. From morning to night, he stood on the bridge by the river to see off his comrades-in-arms during the Long March.When he saw Ye Jianying, he deliberately bid farewell to the wine and poured out his heart.The two old comrades-in-arms were reluctant to part, feeling very sad.Looking at the eastward flowing water, Liu Bojian said to Ye Jianying: "Now the brigade has moved to the west. It is useless for me to stay in southern Jiangxi. You should find a way to reflect it. Let me follow!" Reflected?He reported Liu Bojian's request to the Military Commission several times, and suggested that he be allowed to accompany the Long March, but the "Left" leaders said that Liu Bojian was "mother-in-law" and it was useless, but he did not agree to participate in the Long March.Ye Jianying had no choice but to say goodbye to each other with tears.Later, Liu Bojian was wounded and captured in a battle in southern Jiangxi. He was unyielding and sacrificed heroically.Before his death, he left behind the famous poem "Walking in Shackles" in prison. In 1962, Ye Jianying praised the day in his poem "Army Memorial Day: Fighting Wars": "The Red Army's long march to fight against Japan, crossing Hubei at night with splashes and splashes. Liang Shangbojian came to attack the building, and Jing Qing's heroic spirit gradually left her love."

What a tragic and profound poem this is!At that time, Liu Bojian was on the bank of the capital river and at the head of Liban Bridge, seeing off the scene of farewell, vividly on the paper, which reminds people of the poems written by Jing Ke who assassinated the King of Qin in the Warring States Period, and his friend Gao Jianli who saw him off by Jianzhu by the Yishui Bank: "The wind is rustling, the water is cold, and the strong man Once gone, never to return." Liu Bojian's heroic life is admirable.Every time Ye Jianying recalled this period of history, he felt very heavy, and hated the wrong "Left" leaders.He lamented that many of the good comrades they deliberately discarded before the Long March were killed by the enemy, which is very sad!

In early October 1934, the central government promulgated the "Action Schedule for the Field Army from October 10th to 20th", which stipulated the departure date and arrival area of ​​the Central Red Army's main force transfer.The Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued Order No. 5, deciding that the General Committee, the Red Army General Headquarters, the General Political Department and their directly subordinate troops should form the 1st Field Column, also known as the 1st Column of the Military Commission, to act together with the main force of the Red Army. committee member.Bogu, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Wang Jiaxiang, Li De and others followed this column.In addition, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic and other units formed the second column, also known as the Central Column, and Li Weihan served as the commander and political commissar.

On October 10, the Central Red Army began the Long March.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the Red 1, Red 3, Red 5, Red 8, and Red 9 legions, the first and second columns of the Military Commission, with a total of more than 86,000 people, starting from Ruijin and other places and marching westward to carry out a large-scale strategy transfer.In order to keep military secrets, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission stipulated that the code names used by the Military Commission and its units are: the Military Commission is "Red Star", the first column of the Military Commission is "Hong'an", and the second column is "Red Badge".On the eve of the strategic shift, Chief of Staff Liu Bocheng was demoted to the Fifth Army as Chief of Staff because he was dissatisfied with Li De's wrong command.From then until the Liping Conference, Ye Jianying presided over the daily work of the general headquarters as the commander and political commissar of the first column of the Military Commission.

On October 21, Ye Jianying led the first column of the Military Commission to follow the main Red Army from between Wangmudu and Xintian in the southwest of the capital, broke through the enemy's first blockade line, and crossed the Xinfeng River on the 25th. On November 8, the second blockade line was passed between Tianma and the city entrance in the south of Rucheng. On the 15th, between Liangtian and Yizhang, passed the third blockade. On December 1, the main Red Army crossed the Xiangjiang River and passed the enemy's fourth blockade line.When breaking through this blockade, faced with hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops chasing after them, Bogu and other leaders were helpless, but ordered the troops to attack hard.The commanders and fighters of the Red Army fought bloody battles. Although they broke a bloody path, they paid a heavy price. The Central Red Army lost more than half of it.The blood of the Red Army soldiers stained the Xiangjiang River red, composing a tragic war song.

During the breakout march, Ye Jianying assisted Zhou Enlai and Zhu De to deal with busy military affairs, conveyed and implemented various orders and instructions of the Military Commission in a timely manner, and dealt with various problems encountered by the troops in marching operations at any time.He often meets with the person in charge to study how to deal with encounters and prevent enemy air strikes, organize troops to overcome various difficulties and obstacles, and pass blockades one after another.He is also very careful about many small things.When passing through the ethnic minority areas in western Hunan, I lived in the wooden houses of the common people.This kind of wooden house is prone to fire, and he specially formulated fire prevention measures to prevent fire.Along the way, his main concern is to grasp the enemy's deployment and dynamics.At that time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and local party organizations had lost contact, and there were two main sources of intelligence about the enemy: one was ground reconnaissance; the other was listening through radio stations to decipher enemy intelligence.Ye Jianying carefully organized the comrades of the radio station to march alternately in several echelons, insisted on working day and night, ensured unimpeded communication, and provided the Military Commission with accurate information on the situation of the enemy and ourselves in a timely manner.The radio station has few staff and the work is very hard. Ye Jianying often visits them during the arduous march, calling them unsung heroes, always thinking of them and helping solve various difficulties.

The Red Army crossed the Xiangjiang River and marched to the Xiyan Mountains at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi.Here, the mountains are steep and the roads are rugged.Over the mountains and across the river, there is an open land ahead.Ye Jianying led the team quickly through the open field and walked up the opposite hill.At this time, Zhou Enlai came over and told Ye Jianying to order the troops not to rest, but to move forward immediately to prevent enemy air strikes.Ye Jianying immediately arranged for each unit to pay attention to air defense.Just then, the enemy plane flew over.Ye Jianying ordered the troops to hide by the roadside.The enemy plane flew lower and lower.Suddenly swooped down and dropped bombs on the mountainside where Ye Jianying and his troops were hiding.Seeing that the situation was not good, Ye Jianying ran away quickly.Just after running a few steps, a bomb just fell nearby and exploded with a "boom".Ye Jianying fell to the ground.

"Chief of Staff, are you? Are you injured?" Seeing this, the guard Fan Xixian rushed over to help him.Ye Jianying got up by herself, staggered and continued to walk forward.Only then did he feel pain in his right thigh near his buttocks.When I touched it with my hand, the blood had penetrated into the pants and continued to flow down.Fan Xixian helped him to a flat place, let him lie down, and then asked the groom to report to the Ministry of Health immediately. After hearing the news, He Cheng, Minister of the Ministry of Public Health, rushed over and helped Ye Jianying onto a stretcher. The wound was still bleeding.When he was carried to the temporary location of the General Health Department, comrades surrounded him with concern and asked about his injury. Although he felt severe pain, he held it back firmly and replied calmly, "It's okay, it doesn't matter." After examination by a doctor, it was found that a piece of shrapnel had penetrated near the arm, several centimeters deep.Due to the limitations of the environment and technical conditions, the shrapnel could not be removed, so they had to stay in the body.The doctor made a simple bandage on the wound, and Ye Jianying sat on a stretcher and continued on the road.The guard covered him with a cotton coat, only to find that the coat had been blown through many holes.It turned out that when the bomb exploded, Ye Jianying was holding the coat with his right hand.If it weren't for this cotton coat to protect her, maybe her life would be in danger!Every time Ye Jianying talked about the shrapnel left on her body from this injury, she said humorously: "Keep it as a souvenir, so that you can not forget the past." Ye Jianying didn't care much about his own injuries, but he cared about others very much, which made many comrades feel warm.He worked with injuries, overworked, malnourished, emaciated, and vomited blood several times, but he still insisted on marching, and often gave up his horse to the sick and wounded.Staff officer Kong Shiquan injured his foot while passing through the ethnic minority areas, making it difficult for him to walk.Ye Jianying gave him her horse to ride.Decades later, Kong Shiquan recalled this incident and still said emotionally: "Commander Ye is very concerned about me. Without his horse, I might not be able to get out of the minority areas!" In December 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to reorganize the troops. The 1st and 2nd field columns of the Military Commission were combined into a column of the Military Commission. Liu Bocheng, chief of the general staff, was appointed as the commander, Chen Yun was appointed as the political commissar, and Ye Jianying was appointed as the deputy commander and director of the First Bureau. , responsible for commanding the marching operations. In order to implement the new strategic policy of the central government, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, and Ye Jianying studied and formulated an action plan for rushing across the Wujiang River and occupying Zunyi. In the early morning of January 7, 1935, the vanguard troops occupied Zunyi City. On the 9th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission entered Zunyi City amidst the cheers of the local people. From January 15th to 17th, the Party Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Zunyi.The meeting focused on criticizing the military mistakes of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism, passed the "Central Resolution Concerning the Summary of Opposing the Enemy's Five Encirclement and Suppression" and reaffirmed the correct military line represented by Mao Zedong.The meeting reorganized the party's central leadership and elected Mao Zedong as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.The Zunyi Conference ended the rule of Wang Ming's "Left" adventurism in the Party Central Committee, and actually established Mao Zedong's leadership in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee. At the most critical juncture, the Red Army, the Party, and the revolution were saved. A great historical turning point in the Chinese revolution. During the Zunyi Conference, the central column did not set up a separate headquarters, and the general headquarters was also in charge.According to the memories of Huang Huxian, Zeng San, and Lu Liping, Ye Jianying assisted Zhou Enlai and Zhu De in commanding operations at the general headquarters, and waited in the combat duty room day and night to handle emergency military affairs.He dragged his injured body and worked day and night, sometimes only resting for three or four hours a day.He was in charge of the work of the Military Commission column, and also led the work of the Military Commission Bureau. He not only had to deal with a large number of reports and telegrams every day, but sometimes he had to draft the telegrams himself.The work is serious and meticulous.He likes to write with a brush when drafting telegrams, one stroke at a time, neat and tidy.After finishing writing, I looked at it word by word and thought it was accurate, and then signed the word "Jianying".He often told the staff of the Military Commission headquarters that a word difference may affect the life and death of comrades in the army, and they must be read twice after writing.He revised the telegram drafted by the staff officer word by word, sometimes only the beginning and the end were left, and almost all the contents were rewritten.Some staff members did not understand the rhymes in the telegrams, and when the earthly branch represented the day, he took the trouble to teach them how to help them improve their working ability. After the Zunyi Conference, the Central Red Army decided to cross the Yangtze River north and join the Fourth Red Army. On January 19, 1935, the Central Red Army marched towards Chishui, Tucheng, southern Sichuan.One day, when the central authority marched to a valley, a company of enemy troops suddenly rushed from the northern half-hill slope and opened fire on the personnel of the central authority.Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, etc. are all within the enemy's range, and the situation is very critical.The staff of the central government had to hide in a ditch.After a while, the enemy blew the charging horn and rushed down the mountain, shouting: "Catch Zhu Mao alive!" At this critical moment, Ye Jianying led a team to follow up from behind.He immediately ordered: "The communication platoon comes with me!" He personally led a platoon to rush up the high mountain in the south, and concentrated firepower to fight back against the enemy who was pressing down in the north.The enemy army was blocked and could not figure out the details, so they dared not charge down any further.The two sides confronted each other for a while, and the enemy retreated.The central authority turned the crisis into safety.Everyone said: "It's dangerous! If Chief of Staff Ye hadn't arrived in time, we would have been shot!" On February 28, 1935, Deng Ping, chief of staff of the 3rd Red Army, died in the second battle of the Central Red Army occupying Laoyashan, the old city of Zunyi. The 3rd Legion sent a telegram to the central government, asking Ye Jianying to take over by name.The central government considered that the battle was going on fiercely, and it needed to send capable people ahead, so it agreed to the request of the 3rd Army.Ye Jianying was ordered to serve as the chief of staff of the 3rd Army when he was in distress, and assisted Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun in commanding the 3rd Army to fight. In early March, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission held an important military meeting near Dagu Xinchang to study the establishment of a military command group.Attending the meeting were members of the Military Commission, heads of the 1st and 3rd Red Corps, column commanders, and political commissars. Ye Jianying, chief of staff of the 3rd Corps, and Liu Shaoqi, director of the political department, also attended the meeting.After discussion at the meeting, it was determined that Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Jiaxiang would form a three-member team to be responsible for commanding the military operations of the entire army.While the meeting was discussing the direction of the Red Army's next advance, enemy planes suddenly struck.At the critical moment, Ye Jianying's first thought was Mao Zedong. He took Mao's hand and ran out of the room in a hurry, hiding in the thatched field at the foot of the mountain.After the enemy air strike, continue the meeting.After the meeting, under the leadership of the three-person team, Ye Jianying, Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun worked out the combat plan of the 3rd Army, and commanded the troops to attack Renhuai and cross Chishui three times by taking advantage of Yejing Tanchang and Lianglukou.Then they captured Tiechang and Dacun, crossed Chishui four times at Erlang Beach, crossed Wujiang River in the south, and went straight to Guiyang. The troops did not stop, they did not stop, they crossed mountains and ridges, and came to the Jinsha River.There are many tributaries of the Jinsha River. To cross each river, Ye Jianying has to personally survey the terrain, direct the erection of pontoon bridges, or organize personnel to seize boats from the enemy to cross the river.When encountering problems during marching and combat, he always asked several section chiefs to discuss solutions and report to Peng Dehuai before making a final decision.One day, when the troops marched 80 miles, it was already late when they arrived at the campsite. The troops walking in front suddenly called and said that a bridge ahead of the march was broken by water and needed to be repaired overnight.At this time, after a day of marching, everyone was exhausted and exhausted. Ye Jianying walked with injuries, and his whole body was sore. However, he still called Li Tianyou, Sun Yi and other section chiefs of the headquarters to meet overnight to study the method, and he personally led the engineers overnight. to repair.Seeing that he was weak, several section chiefs resolutely refused to let him go.Ye Jianying accepted everyone's opinions and handed over the task of building the bridge to Sun Yi.Before leaving, he gave a detailed account of the problems he might encounter, and then let Sun Yi take more than 20 soldiers from the engineering company with confidence.They walked dozens of miles and fought all night by the river before they could pass the bridge. After Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun and Ye Jianying led the 3rd Army to cross the Jinsha River and Dadu River, they took advantage of the victory and continued to march northward.Passing through Lin Ping, from the side of Erlang Mountain, across the remote mountains and old forests with few people and swarms of wild animals, he commanded the troops to defeat the interception of the six brigades of the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen.At the beginning of June, Tianquan, Lushan, and Baoxing were occupied, clearing the way for the follow-up troops, and quickly rushed to the foot of Jiajin Mountain. Jiajin Mountain is the first snow mountain over 4,000 meters above sea level crossed by the Red Army during the Long March.It is located in the northwest of Baoxing County, Sichuan, and the southeast of Maogong. It is towering, the climate is cold, the air is thin, and the snow on the top of the mountain does not melt all year round.The commanders and fighters of the Red Army moved all the way from Yunnan to Sichuan. Each of them only had one set of single clothes. They had to go through the snow-capped mountains, and there was nowhere to find additional clothes.At first they wanted to bring some shochu to keep out the cold, but there were few people at the foot of the mountain, where could they find so much shochu?Ye Jianying asked everyone to discuss that the deployment of troops should prepare more ginger, garlic, green onions, and peppers to prepare for chewing and pressing when the mountain is cold, and put forward some specific requirements for climbing snow-capped mountains. At eight or nine o'clock in the morning, the troops began to go up the mountain.Leaning on a walking stick and holding a piece of ginger in her mouth, Ye Jianying climbed up the mountain together with the guard Fan Xixian.The climate on the snow-capped mountains is unpredictable. It was still sunny just now, but it snowed heavily after a while.The wind and the snow hit the face and hands, which hurt like a knife.Like everyone else, Ye Jianying was wearing a thin military uniform, shivering from the cold.People covered their faces with their hands, braved the blizzard, staggered, and marched with difficulty.If you accidentally fall into a snow nest or under a snow cliff, you will never be able to climb up.After finally walking to the top of the mountain, Ye Jianying saw three people sitting there from a distance, and when he got closer, he saw that the three of them had frozen to death.He took off his military cap silently, bid farewell to these fearless comrades-in-arms with tears in his eyes, and fell into deep thought: Since leaving the Central Soviet Area, so many good comrades have sacrificed along the way.He couldn't help crooning: "After crossing thousands of mountains and thousands of rivers, when will the Red Army return to the West?..." After climbing the snow-capped mountains, it was very difficult for the troops to eat food, so they had to rely on wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger.Some can't even eat wild vegetables, so they have to eat grass roots and bark.In order to get food, Ye Jianying led the 3rd Corps Teaching Battalion to contact Tibetans to buy food.However, the Tibetans along the way were often deceived by the KMT's propaganda, and they hid all the food and refused to sell it to the Red Army.Under such circumstances, Ye Jianying still educates the troops to love the brothers of ethnic minorities and must not violate the discipline of the masses.He took the lead in enforcing discipline, observing the customs and habits of ethnic minorities, and stipulated some specific policies and measures.Ye Jianying asked that everyone would rather not have food and be hungry than harass the Tibetan brothers at will.Some Tibetans, deceived by reactionary propaganda, took up swords and spears against the Red Army.Ye Jianying taught the troops that they are absolutely not allowed to fight back.Because he took the lead in implementing the Chinese Communist Party's policy on ethnic minorities, many Tibetans were very moved. They actively mobilized the people hiding in the mountains to go home one after another, sold their surplus food to the troops, and some were even willing to lead the way for the Red Army. In mid-June 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army of the Central Committee and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army successfully joined forces in Maogong, with a total strength of more than 100,000 troops.On the same day, a victory meeting was held in Maogong County, and the commanders and fighters of the two armies were elated and rejoiced.However, on the day when the majority of cadres and soldiers celebrated the reunion, Zhang Guotao, the main leader of the Red Fourth Front Army, and the Party Central Committee, had more and more differences in the direction and strategic policy of the Red Army. From July 21 to 22, the Party Central Committee held a meeting of the Politburo in Luhua, Heishui (ie the Luhua meeting), and further discussed with Zhang Guotao, focusing on the issue of the actions of the Fourth Red Front Army.Zhang Guotao and Xu Xiangqian reported the history of the Red Fourth Front Army from Hubei, Henan, Anhui to the Sichuan-Shanxi Soviet Area at the meeting. The comrades at the meeting fully affirmed the various work achievements of the Red Fourth Front Army and praised the heroic spirit of the commanders and fighters of the Red Fourth Front Army.At the same time, he also seriously criticized Zhang Guotao's serious mistakes. On the same day, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to use the former General Headquarters of the Fourth Front Army as the General Headquarters of the Red Army's former enemy, with Xu Xiangqian as commander-in-chief and Chen Changhao as political commissar. After receiving the order, Ye Jianying bid farewell to Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and others, and several leaders had a cordial talk with him.Subsequently, he led more than 10 combat staff officers and confidential cadres of the Red Army General Headquarters, and immediately set off from Heishui to report to Maoergai Red Army Front Enemy General Headquarters. After Ye Jianying arrived at the headquarters, he stepped up to implement the ideological and organizational construction of the agency, and at the same time actively prepared to attack Songpan.However, due to Zhang Guotao's obstruction and sabotage and other reasons, the Red Army was delayed for more than a month in the Maoergai area and lost the opportunity to occupy Songpan.In this more than a month, the enemy has completed the deployment of chasing and intercepting the Red Army. On August 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was forced to abandon the Songpan campaign plan and decided to go north via grassland.Based on this, the Red Army Headquarters formulated the "Xiatao Battle Plan", organized the First and Fourth Front Armies into two left and right armies, with the Fifth Army and the 32nd Army of the First Front Army, the Ninth Army and the 31st Army of the Fourth Front Army The 33rd Army and the 33rd Army were the Left Route Army. Under the leadership of Zhu De, Zhang Guotao, and Liu Bocheng, they set off from Zhuo Keji and passed through Aba to the north; The 30th Army is the right-hand army, led by Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, and Ye Jianying, starting from Maoergai, going north to Asi via Banyou.The Party Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission acted with the right army. Going north from the Maoergai area, you must pass through the vast grassland that is endless and uninhabited.In order to find out and find a shortcut to the grassland to reduce losses and shorten the distance, Ye Jianying went to the 30th Army to explain the tactical essentials of fighting cavalry, and with the help of Commander Cheng Shicai, he found a guide named Li.He personally investigated Lao Li, and then quickly returned from the 30th Army to the former enemy headquarters to report the situation, and offered to lead some troops to open the way first.After Mao Zedong heard Ye Jianying's report, he immediately convened a meeting to further study the specific route of the right army going north. Finally, he affirmed the march route of the right army passing through the grassland to Banyou and then going to Labuleng, and decided that Ye Jianying would lead the two regiments to open the way first. . The grassland is vast and the climate is changeable.Desolate and uninhabited, the muddy swamp is rampant.Soldiers walked in the swamp silted up by rotten grass, stepping forward on nests of grass stalks, occasionally slipping, stepping into the mud, and sinking, sinking deeper and deeper, until they lost their top. Ye Jianying was sick and led the troops to march, and walked shoulder to shoulder and hand in hand in the swamp with everyone.When others rested, he was busy holding cadre meetings to understand the situation and problems during the march, and asked all units to strengthen political and ideological work and overcome difficulties with tenacious perseverance.At the same time, it is also necessary to report the enemy's situation, terrain, camping location, and matters needing attention when marching to the front enemy general headquarters. One night, the troops camped in Nianduoba, a swamp.I saw dark clouds rolling all over the sky, and suddenly it poured down with heavy rain.Because there were no tents and no shelter, everyone squatted or sat close together, enduring hunger and cold, and suffering.Cheng Shicai recalled that that night, we sat on a big rock with Ye Jianying, our bodies were soaked and shivering from the cold.Some comrades fell silently in the hunger and cold, and never stood up again.Seeing this scene, Ye Jianying boosted morale, told stories to everyone, and led the singing of "The Internationale".The high-pitched singing resounded through the night sky, cheering everyone up.The next morning, the weather was clear and the sky was cloudless. The comrades gathered on a wet grass field and buried the bodies of their comrades.Ye Jianying led everyone to stand in silence, and said in a firm tone: "We who survived must think of the comrades who died. We must get out of the grass and strive for victory!" After walking on the grass for three or four days, all the dry food I brought was gone.Ye Jianying looked for and ate wild vegetables together with everyone.Some people were poisoned, their bodies were swollen, and they were lying on the grass, and the number of troops was reduced more and more. After several days of hard marching, the troops finally arrived at Banyou at the northern end of the Great Grassland.Banyou, imagined by everyone as a "paradise on the prairie", is actually just a gathering place of twenty or thirty families of nomadic Tibetans.There are no decent houses in this small village, some are just "cow dung houses" with trusses arched by branches and smeared with yak dung on the outside. Ye Jianying, Cheng Shicai, etc. can live in such a simple house through the grassland, which is much better than sleeping in the open.He and everyone built a fire, roasted wet clothes, ate some fried noodles, and slept, already feeling very satisfied.Many years later, he recalled his life in the "cow dung house" and talked about it with relish. Banyou is close to the main road, which is a place where enemy cavalry often come and go.The day before Ye Jianying entered Banyou, the vanguard met the enemy cavalry and fought a battle.After entering Banyou, more than 3,000 enemy cavalry came to attack the 265 regiment's garrison again.Ye Jianying acted decisively, and together with Cheng Shicai commanded the troops to quickly occupy favorable terrain and block the enemy with intensive firepower.At the same time, the 264 regiment was ordered to reinforce and repel the attack of the enemy cavalry. In this battle, many horses of the enemy were captured.The next day, Cheng Shicai sent two battalions of troops to "hunt for grain" and seized some horses and some cattle and sheep from the enemy cavalry.Ye Jianying suggested to Cheng Shicai that part of the loot should be given to the Party Central Committee and follow-up troops.Later, when Qin Bangxian saw Ye Jianying and Cheng Shicai, he said gratefully: "You sent us a cow, and let us have a full meal. This is the best gift we got after crossing the grass!" Ye Jianying seized the time of staying in Banyou, and continued to find the guide Lao Li and the local Tibetans to investigate the marching route to Gannan.After Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Xu Xiangqian, and Chen Changhao arrived in Banyou one after another, he reported to Mao Zedong and others the situation of the advance troops along the way and his opinions on the next step of the troops' actions.He suggested that, according to the original plan to go to Lablen, it will take four days to walk on the grassland, and you will encounter many enemy cavalry along the way, which is difficult to deal with; if you turn northeast from Banyou, cross Brazil, and occupy Baozuo, you will soon You can reach Gannan.Mao Zedong looked at the map, then asked Zhou Enlai and others for their opinions, nodded and said, Jianying's opinion is very good, so we decided to turn from here.After that, the Right Route Army diverted from Banyou and marched towards Brazil, Baozuo, and Russia.Ye Jianying successfully completed the task of leading the way. While the right army was marching, after Zhang Guotao led the left army to Aba, he did not move. He refused to implement the instructions of the central government to ask the left army to quickly move out of Banyou to move closer to the right army and to develop to the east of Taohe.On the contrary, he insisted that the left and right armies go out to the west of the Tao River with all their strength, and cross the Yellow River to penetrate into remote areas such as Qinghai and Xinjiang. The army moved closer. On September 3, Zhang Guotao called Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao and forwarded it to the central government, proposing to change the policy of going north and advocating going south. He demanded that "the right army will take advantage of the victory to fight back against the Songpan enemy, and the left army will also advance to Songpan after preparing food." , can’t move forward”, and forced the 5th Army, the vanguard of the Left Army, which had already advanced eastward to the vicinity of Mowa, to return to Aba.According to Ouyang Yi's recollection, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng resolutely opposed this, and personally sent people to the river to test the depth of the river. The road armies meet and go north together.But Zhang Guotao ignored it.Not only that, Zhang Guotao also issued instructions to Chen Changhao, ordering the right army to go south, in an attempt to split and endanger the Party Central Committee.Ye Jianying, then chief of staff of the former enemy general headquarters, saw through Zhang Guotao's plot and immediately reported it to Mao Zedong.Feeling that the situation was serious, Mao Zedong rushed to the headquarters of the Third Army with Zhang Wentian and Qin Bangxian to conduct emergency consultations with Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang, who were recuperating there.In order to adhere to the policy of going north and avoid possible armed conflicts within the Red Army, the Party Central Committee decided to lead the 1st and 3rd Red Army and the column of the Military Commission to move quickly, out of danger, and go northward first. After Ye Jianying returned to the former enemy general headquarters (Panzhou Township Hanguan Yamen), he did two more things: first, he approached Lu Jixi (Ji Lu Liping), the deputy chief of the combat department of the headquarters, and asked for a one-hundred-thousandth The map of Gansu; the second one was to send a report to Liu Zhijian, the Propaganda Minister of the 30th Army of the Red Army who led the propaganda team to perform condolences at the 30th Army in Baozuo, asking him to return to the 30th Red Army station immediately after seeing the telegram. On the night when the Central Committee decided to go north, Zhang Guotao, after ordering the right army to go south, called the Party Central Committee and the leaders of the right army at 24:00 on September 9, claiming that going north would encounter insurmountable difficulties, and the Red Army going south would be even more difficult. Well, I proposed that "strikes in the south are real offenses, and we will never be a turtle in a urn", and asked the central government to consider it.In fact, Zhang Guotao had already ordered the Right Route Army to go south at this time. The so-called suggestion put forward by this telegram was obviously to deceive the Central Committee and cover up his attempt to coerce the entire Right Route Army to go south.The Party Central Committee led the 1st and 3rd armies to set off northward in the early morning of September 10. Ye Jianying made detailed recollections and conversations in January 1981, March and April 1982 about Zhang Guotao's split with the party: Around early September 1935, we arrived in a village called Panzhou in Brazil.I lived with Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao in a lama temple.The central government and Chairman Mao also live nearby.When Zhang Guotao led the left army to Aba, he stopped going and did not want to go north.The central government urged him to go north many times, but he didn't move.He also prevented Chen Changhao and others from going north.We'll be waiting for him in Brazil. On the 9th, the former enemy general headquarters held a meeting, and the new director of the general political department, Chen Changhao, gave a speech.When he was speaking happily, the translator came in and handed me a telegram, which was sent by Zhang Guotao, with a very strong tone.I think this is a big deal and should be reported to Chairman Mao immediately.I was very anxious, but still calm on the surface, and put the telegram in my pocket.After some time, I went out quietly and ran to find Chairman Mao.He was very nervous after reading the telegram, took out a very short pencil and a piece of cigarette paper from his pocket, and quickly wrote down the content of the telegram.Then he said to me: "Go back quickly, don't let them find you here." I hurried back, and the meeting was not over yet, and Chen Changhao was still talking, so I handed the telegram back to him, and there was no mistake. .At that time, the Central Committee must leave as soon as possible, otherwise there will be danger.Where are you going?Leave the Fourth Front Army and go to the Third Army, relying on Peng Dehuai. Chairman Mao suggested going to the 3rd Army to hold a meeting of the Politburo. Before they left, Zhang Wentian and Qin Bangxian found me and said to me, "Lao Ye, you have to go, this place is dangerous." I knew it was dangerous.But I think the team directly under the Military Commission is still here.As soon as I leave, the entire direct team cannot be brought out.I have to wait for the immediate team to leave before I can leave.I said to them: I can't go, you go first.If I leave, I am afraid that everyone will not be able to leave.I will come later. How to take the direct team away?I didn't think about it for a while.Suddenly, I remembered Zhang Guotao's telegram about going south, and decided to use his telegram about going south to make a fuss. 我先和徐向前讲：“总指挥，总政委来电要南下，我们应该积极准备。首先是粮食准备。先发个通知给各个直属队，让他们自己找地方打粮食去。限十天之内把粮食准备好。”他说：“好！”得到他的同意后，我写了个通知，准备发给各个伙食单位。通知上说，今天晚上两点钟出发，自己找地方去打粮。After the notice was written, I showed it to Chen Changhao. He thought it was right. Food should be prepared first.Then, I held a meeting with the person in charge of the direct team.参加的有李维汉、杨尚昆、李克农、萧向荣等，大概七八个人。我讲了这个事情。我说，中央已经走了，今天晚上两点我们也走。大家对表。早一分钟晚一分钟都不行，整整两点动身。I ask everyone to keep it strictly confidential, and at the same time act according to the stipulated time. After the meeting, I went back to the Lama Temple.I lived in the same room with Xu and Chen, and lived in a corner alone.There is also a lantern in the middle, and we sleep with the lantern on. 那天晚上我怎么睡得着呢，睡过了两点就完了。我九点钟上床，心里老在想着时间，十点、十一点、十二点、一点，我躺在床上不敢睡着，大约一点四十五分左右就起来了。我预先曾派了一个小参谋叫吕继熙，把甘肃全图拿来。I hide it in a rattan box under my bed.After I got up, I put on my coat, took out the map from under the bed, and went outside. I went to Xiao Xiangrong first, and he just got up.我告诉他，赶紧把地图藏起来，并说，这张地图你可千万要保管好，不要丢了，这可是要命的东西。当时，全军只有一份甘肃地图。It was five minutes before two o'clock when I handed him the map.我一摸身上，手枪忘记带了，要回去拿，萧向荣说：“你不要回去，回去危险！”我说：“不要紧的，我是公开出来的。出来检查去打粮的队伍。” 我回去拿了手枪，又轻轻推了睡在门口的“死卵”（警卫员范希贤），他没有醒来，我怕惊动旁人就走了。I pretended to be on patrol, because that was the job of the chief of staff and would not arouse suspicion. 就这样，叶剑英当晚由于情况紧急，来不及通知毕占云、吕继熙、陈茂生等人，一个人离开喇嘛庙，匆匆跨出大门上路。他牵着一匹骡子，来到一个磨房附近，杨尚昆已在那里等他。草原上空乌云密布，地面寒气袭人。两个人一点也不感到冷，既紧张又兴奋，急忙赶路。走出不远，就听到后面传来的马蹄声。他们躲过“追兵”，又走了好一会儿，才赶到军委直属队休息的地方。据胡立教回忆，同志们看到他们来了，高兴地说：“你们开小差跑出来了。”叶剑英风趣地说：“不！不是开小差，而是开大差，是执行中央北上方针。”在一个叉路口，叶剑英碰到了正在焦急等待他们的彭德怀、张闻天、秦邦宪等。脱险后重逢，格外亲切，大家七嘴八舌，说得很热闹。这时，秦邦宪拉了他一把，说，参座，你还不快走！叶剑英立即起身，加快步伐，继续赶路了。夜黑路不熟，叶剑英和杨尚昆，赶上第3军部队，已是拂晓时分了。毛泽东、周恩来、王稼祥正在焦急呢。见了面，毛泽东高兴地说：哎呀！你们可出来了，好！it is good!我们真为你们担心。会齐了队伍，便朝第1军所在地俄界进发。 9月10日凌晨，中共中央在北上途中发出《中央为执行北上方针告同志书》，指出张国焘的南下方针“对于红军是没有出路的，南下是绝路”。号召党和红军坚决拥护中央的战略方针，迅速北上，创造川陕甘新区。同时再次致电张国焘：“阅致徐、陈调右路军南下电令，中央认为完全不适宜的。中央现在恳切的指出，目前方针只有向北，才是出路，向南则敌情、地形、居民、给养都对我极端不利，将使红军陷于空前未有之困难环境。中央认为，北上方针绝对不应该改变，左路军应立即北上。……”中央走后，张国焘于10日凌晨4时又致电中央说，已得悉中央率第3军单独北上，表示“不以为然”，公开抗拒中央命令，仍坚持南下，拒绝北上。同日，党中央再次向右路军领导人徐向前、陈昌浩发出“指令”：张国焘令右路军南下，显系违背中央屡次之决定及电文。为不失时机地实现自己的战略方针，“中央已令一方面军主力向罗达、俄界前进。4军、30军归你们指挥，应于日内尾1、3军团（第1、3军）后前进。”并指出：由于张国焘不能实行总政治委员之责任，违背中央战略方针，中央“特直接指令前敌指挥员（党员）及其政委，并责成实现之”，“以后右路军统归军委副主席周恩来指挥之”。 此时身为右路军政治委员的陈昌浩站在张国焘一边。他送信或致电第1、第3军领导人并转全体人员，要他们反对中共中央，说什么“中央不经过总部组织路线，自己把一方面军部队及直属机关，昨晚开去”；“中央在毛周逃跑路线上，已经把一方面军几十万健儿葬送”。信中煽动说：“……胡为乎几个人作恶，分散革命力量，有益于敌”；“吾兄在红军久经战斗，当挥臂一呼，揭此黑幕”。他挑拨第1、第3军和中央的关系，妄图拉拢彭德怀等领导人，同时，不折不扣地按照张国焘的“秘密命令”行事。陈昌浩发觉中央单独北上以后，立即召开高级干部会议，说“中央投敌去了”，是“逃跑路线”等等。据当时任第4军军长的许世友于1982年11月24日回忆，陈昌浩命部队作战斗准备，准备去追，竞给第4军下令要28团追击中央。许世友请示徐向前，徐向前说：“哪有红军打红军的道理！叫他们听指挥，无论如何不能打！”徐向前的这个决断，避免了两支主力红军的冲突，表现了一个无产阶级革命家、军事家以大局为重、以团结为重的恢宏气度。 9月11日，叶剑英和大家到达俄界。同日，党中央为了争取张国焘改正错误，再次电令“张总政委立即命令左路军向班佑、巴西开进，不得违误”。张国焘置若罔闻，抗拒命令，反诬中央逃跑，制造分裂。他公然继续致电1、3军领导人，恶毒诬蔑中共中央率领红一方面军主力单独北上的行动。 9月12日，中共中央政治局在俄界举行扩大会议，着重讨论与张国焘的斗争及今后的战略方针问题。叶剑英出席了会议。会议一致通过《关于张国焘同志的错误的决定》。决定深刻地揭发和批判了张国焘分裂党、分裂红军、反对北上战略方针、退却逃跑以及军阀主义的严重错误，号召红四方面军广大指战员，团结在党中央周围，同张国焘的右倾分裂主义作坚决的斗争。为了挽救张国焘，争取和团结红四方面军广大指战员，这个决议没有向全军公布，只发至中央委员。会议还决定将红一方面军主力和中央军委纵队改编为中国工农红军陕甘支队，彭德怀为司令员，毛泽东为政治委员，叶剑英为参谋长。第二天，中共中央率领陕甘支队由俄界地区出发。14日，中共中央再次致电张国焘，再一次要张立即取消南下的决心及命令，服从中央电令，具体部署左路军与4军、30军继续北进，指斥张国焘“不得中央同意，私自把部队向极端危险的方向（阿坝及大小金川）调走，是逃跑主义最实际的表现”。 但是，张国焘顽抗到底，一意孤行。他令左路军和右路军的4军、30军南下后，对朱德、刘伯承等进行迫害，另立“中共中央”，宣布“撤销”毛泽东、周恩来、博古、洛甫工作，“开除”其中央委员及党籍，并下令“通缉”。宣布对杨尚昆、叶剑英“免职查办”，直至狂妄地要求取消党中央。 对于叶剑英在上述事件中为党作出的贡献，毛泽东在其后几十年中曾多次提到，称赞叶剑英“诸葛一生唯谨慎，吕端大事不糊涂。”徐向前于1977年5月14日叶剑英八十寿辰之际，赠叶剑英一首“七绝”，其中写道：“吕端当愧公一筹，导师评论早已定。”聂荣臻也同时赠诗一首：“川西传讯忠心耿，京华除害一身胆。行若吕端识大事，功成绛侯有愧颜。” 中共中央对叶剑英在长征途中同张国焘的斗争，作了高度评价和明确的结论。1985年9月16日，中共十二届四中全会在写给叶剑英的致敬信中说：“长征途中，您同张国焘企图危害中央和中央红军的阴谋进行勇敢机智的斗争，为党立了大功。” 1935年9月中旬，陕甘支队在北上进军中，叶剑英协助毛泽东、彭德怀指挥部队斩关夺隘，越过岷山，于17日攻克天险腊子口。 18日占领甘南的哈达铺。陕甘支队在哈达铺进行休整。 9月20日，中共中央政治局常委会决定，红1军团改编为第1纵队；红3军团改编为第2纵队；中央军委纵队改编为第3纵队，叶剑英任司令员。休整后，叶剑英率领第3纵队继续北进。 9月27日，红军占领榜罗镇和通渭县城。it's here.叶剑英和几位同志从国民党报纸上看到有关陕甘苏区的消息，遂向中央提出北上陕北的建议。其时，中央也正在分析全国局势，对陕甘苏区和西北军的情况尤为关注。在榜罗镇，党中央政治局常委举行会议，根据陕北尚有相当规模的苏区和红军等情况，决定党中央率领陕甘支队进至陕北，和当地红军一起，保卫和扩大陕北根据地。会后，陕甘支队分三路北上，于10月上旬翻越六盘山主峰，在铁角城附近，与敌骑兵遭遇，发生激战。当时，彭德怀、叶剑英站在一个山头上的破庙里用望远镜观察敌情。突然，彭德怀一把将他按倒，一颗子弹从头上呼啸而过。叶剑英对这件事一直铭记心头，曾多次对孩子和身边工作的同志说：“彭总救过我的命！那一次好险啊！” 陕甘支队继续向吴起镇前进。在吴起镇何连湾一带，彭德怀、叶剑英指挥部队消灭了一股敌军。10月19日到达吴起镇。叶剑英协助彭德怀指挥部队击溃尾追的敌骑兵2000余人。22日，叶剑英出席了中央政治局在吴起镇召开的扩大会议。会议决定党和红军今后的战略任务是“建立西北的苏区，领导全国大革命”。 至此，中央红军胜利结束了历时1年、途经11个省的2.5万里长征。长征在中国和世界人民面前高高矗立起一座丰碑。它铭刻着红军战士们在中国共产党领导下英勇奋战的壮丽史诗。叶剑英以对党的耿耿忠心和殷红鲜血为这恢宏史诗谱写的光辉的篇章，永放光芒。