Chapter 49 (3) Open up another battlefield

From December 17 to 25, 1935, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Wayaobao.Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Luo Fu, Bo Gu and others attended the meeting.The meeting discussed the situation and tasks, passed the "Central Resolution on the Current Political Situation and the Party's Tasks" and "Central Resolution on Military Strategy Issues"; decided to establish the broadest national united front, and stipulated that the Party's strategic line was "mobilization, Unite and organize all the revolutionary forces of the whole of China and the whole nation to oppose the current main enemy—Japanese imperialism and traitor leader Chiang Kai-shek”; decided to change the Soviet Workers’ and Peasants’ Republic into the Soviet People’s Republic; determined the policy of combining civil war with national war, and advocated the establishment of The National Defense Government and the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces decided that the Red Army would march eastward to Shanxi in order to prepare for direct combat against Japan.The meeting criticized the "Left" opportunism's political closed-doorism and mistakes in military thinking.

On January 10 of the following year, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened to discuss the issue of the Eastern Expedition against Yan Xishan of the Kuomintang.Mao Zedong analyzed the enemy's situation at the meeting, emphasizing that we must first win the battle before we can create the Soviet area.Zhou Enlai made a report on the supplementary finance and supply of recruits for the Eastern Expedition.The meeting decided that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee would follow the army and organize a Central Bureau in northern Shaanxi with the participation of Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu, and Deng Fa. Zhou Enlai was the secretary of the Central Bureau and presided over the rear work.On the 19th, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Peng Dehuai signed the "Order of the Northwest Military Committee to Advance Eastward to Resist Japan and Crusade the Traitor Yan Xishan", ordering the heroic anti-Japanese main Red Army to set off immediately and fight to Shanxi, opening the way for the anti-Japanese advance and directly opening fire with Japan order the Anti-Japanese Red Army, guerrillas, and Young Pioneers of the Red Guards in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area to resolutely defend the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area and expand the base area of ​​the Anti-Japanese War in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area; order the Anti-Japanese Red Army, guerrillas, and people on both sides of the Yellow River to bravely cross the river, Develop the anti-Japanese base area in Hedong, and cooperate with the main force of the Red Army to win the battle.

Before and after the Red Army crossed the Yellow River, in order to ensure the safety of the rear, the central government decided that Zhou Enlai would be the secretary of the Northeast Army Working Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to further carry out anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang work against the Northeast Army.On January 25, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai and other 20 generals of the Red Army jointly issued the "Letter to All Soldiers of the Northeast Army for the Red Army's Willingness to Fight Against Japan with the Northeast Army", stating: "The Chinese Soviet Government and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army are willing to fight with anyone who resists Japan. We are willing to unite with the armed forces of the National Defense Government and the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces to fight directly with Japanese imperialism. We are willing to first realize this idea with the Northeast Army and be the vanguard of the Chinese people’s resistance to Japan.” For the specific measures of the coalition forces, it is recommended to send representatives to each other for consultation.

As early as the end of September to the end of November last year, the Red Army, under the command of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai, wiped out three divisions of the Kuomintang Northeast Army in northern Shaanxi and captured the 619th Regiment of the Northeast Army Zhang Xueliang's proud disciple Gao Fuyuan.After Gao Fuyuan was captured, the Red Army healed his wounds and took extra care of him in accordance with the policy of the central government to treat prisoners preferentially.Under the influence of the political and ideological work of the Red Army, Gao Fuyuan voluntarily asked to let him go back, publicized the Red Army's anti-Japanese proposition, and persuaded Zhang Xueliang and the Red Army to jointly resist the Japanese.He talked about the idea to Li Kenong, director of the Central Liaison Bureau.Li Kenong reported Gao Fuyuan's thoughts and requests to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in a timely manner.The two top leaders of the Central Military Commission agreed with Gao Fuyuan's idea and request.Zhou Enlai specifically instructed Li Kenong to ask Gao Fuyuan to stay in the Soviet area for a few more days, to see and listen more, and to talk more about the idea of ​​the Red Army uniting all anti-Japanese forces, stopping the civil war, and jointly resisting Japan after returning home.

At the beginning of January 1936, after Gao Fuyuan left Wayaobao and returned to Luochuan, he reported to Zhang Xueliang and Wang Yizhe, commander of the 67th Army of the Northeast Army, what he had heard and seen in the Soviet area in the past few months And the Red Army's idea of ​​resisting Japan and saving the country.Zhang Xueliang and Wang Yizhe expressed appreciation for the Red Army's proposition of resisting Japan and saving the country, and asked Gao Fuyuan to rush back to Wayaobao, and asked the Red Army to send an official representative to negotiate with the Northeast Army.On the 16th, Gao Fuyuan returned to Wayaobao. Li Kenong took him to meet Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and talked about Zhang Xueliang's response to the Red Army's proposal to stop the civil war and unify the resistance against Japan.Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai immediately decided to send Li Kenong as a representative to Luochuan to meet with Zhang Xueliang and Wang Yizhe.

Before Li Kenong and his party left, Zhou Enlai repeatedly urged, saying: "According to the current political and military situation, it is very likely that we will succeed in negotiating with Zhang Xueliang of the Northeast Army on the issue of stopping the civil war and uniting to resist Japan. However, we must also consider When encountering certain difficulties and dangers, you must be mentally prepared in two ways. Strive to reach a conclusion, and no matter what happens, you must negotiate peace. You must work hard to do a good job of unity and unite all forces that can be united. In order to deal with the situation, first discuss the issues of local cooperation in the anti-Japanese war and economic and trade issues. This time, the task is very heavy, and important issues must be reported to the central government for instructions in a timely manner." He also designated communication tools for Li Kenong and his party, and studied the concealment method.

From February 26 to March 4, Li Kenong, Wang Yizhe, and Zhang Xueliang conducted negotiations in two stages.In the first stage, an oral agreement was reached: 1. In order to consolidate the joint resistance of the Red Army and the 67th Army of the Northeast Army against Japan, it was determined that they would not invade each other and each defended its original defense; Transportation and economic commerce on the road; 3. Food, firewood, vegetables, etc. needed by the troops of the Sixty-seventh Army stationed in Yan'an and Ganquan can be purchased from the local people in the Soviet area; 4. The Red Army agreed to be surrounded by the Northeast Army in Gansu The two battalions changed their defenses; fifth, red and white trade was resumed, all personnel handling goods between the Soviet area and the white area wore plain clothes, and the Red Army and the Sixty-seventh Army had the responsibility of protection.The oral agreement reached in the second stage is: 1. In order to further discuss the plan to resist Japan and save the country, the CCP will send a plenipotentiary representative, preferably one from Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, to discuss with Zhang Xueliang again; 2. Representatives of the Red Army will go to the Soviet Union via Xinjiang Zhang Xueliang was in charge of negotiating with Sheng Shicai on the issue of Zhang Xueliang; third, the CCP sent a representative to stay in Xi'an, and Zhang Xueliang covered it in the name of gray.

Li Kenong and his party left Luochuan on March 7, went north via Yanchang, crossed the Yellow River at the mouth of the river, and arrived at Shilou on the 16th, where they reported to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai the status of their negotiations with Zhang Xueliang and Wang Yizhe.At the subsequent meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others believed that Zhang Xueliang's attitude was sincere, and further negotiations with him were very important for the development of the anti-Japanese national united front.A decision was made at the meeting to send Zhou Enlai as the plenipotentiary representative of the CPC Central Committee to go to Yan'an to negotiate with Zhang Xueliang.It was originally agreed that the negotiation would be held in early April, but due to Zhang Xueliang suffering from a throat problem, it was postponed to April 8th.

In the early morning of April 7th, when it was snowing heavily, Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong set off from Wayaobao with radio stations and guards.Near Kawaguchi, it rained heavily again, and their radio station could not contact the Northeast Army.Later, the central government contacted the Northeast Army on the radio station in Shilou, only to learn that due to the weather, the negotiation was postponed to the 9th. On the morning of the 9th, the eyes were empty.Zhang Xueliang, Wang Yizhe and Liu Ding, a CCP liaison officer, flew from Luochuan to Yan'an by plane.At around six o'clock in the afternoon, Zhang Xueliang sent someone to Chuankou to pick up Zhou Enlai and his party.At this time, Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong changed into civilian clothes and entered Yan'an City under the escort of Zhang Xueliang's guards.According to Zhou Enlai's prior arrangement, the security forces controlled Yan'an Airport, and no planes were allowed to take off during the negotiation period.

The place of negotiation is the church in the city.As soon as Zhou Enlai walked to the door, Zhang Xueliang greeted him, held Zhou Enlai's hand tightly, and said excitedly: "Mr. Zhou, although we have never met, I have known you for a long time!" "I've known you for a long time!" Zhou Enlai patted Zhang Xueliang's shoulder with one hand. "I spent my youth and youth in the Northeast, and I can be regarded as half a fellow townsman with the young marshal! When a fellow townsman sees a fellow townsman, his tears are in tears!" "I don't have the face to see a fellow like you!" Zhang Xueliang had a sad look on his face. "I am the general of the Northeast Army. When the Japanese soldiers invaded my hometown, I brought the troops here..."

"In front of all the compatriots in the country, you still bear the infamy of being a 'non-resistance general'!" Zhou Enlai frowned, and said to Zhang Xueliang in awe. "Yes, so I feel very ashamed!" Zhang Xueliang lowered his head and said shamefully. "Young Marshal knows that he is ashamed of this, and there is still time to repent." Zhou Enlai shook Zhang Xueliang's hand tightly and said sincerely. "The opportunity for the young marshal to clear his name of 'non-resistance general' has come now!" With tears in his eyes, Zhang Xueliang stared at Zhou Enlai and said gratefully: "Mr. Zhou gave me this opportunity!..." "No." Zhou Enlai interrupted Zhang Xueliang and said, "It should be said that it was given to you by the strong desire of the people of the whole country to resist Japan!" Next, the two sides had a candid and heart-to-heart conversation on issues related to the cessation of the civil war and the joint resistance against Japan.Negotiations lasted all night and did not end until four o'clock in the morning the next day.The two sides reached a verbal agreement: First, the representatives of the CCP going to Moscow will go from Xinjiang to the Soviet Union, and the representatives of the Northeast Army will go to the Soviet Union from Europe.Second, stop the civil war and unite against Japan.Third, before Zhang Xueliang publicly expressed his resistance to Japan, he had to accept Chiang Kai-shek's order to occupy the Soviet area, and the Sixty-seventh Army was preparing to move to the area north of Yan'an.Fourth, the two sides will send permanent representatives to each other.Fifth, Zhang Xueliang believes that the main force of the Red Army may have difficulty gaining a foothold in Shanxi, and it is too early to leave Hebei.It is best to leave Suiyuan and rely on Outer Mongolia.If the Red Army resolutely advances eastward, Zhang Ke will notify the Wan Fulin Department of the Northeast Army not to obstruct it.Sixth, trade with each other.Ordinary goods are purchased by the Red Army by setting up stores, and military supplies are purchased by the Northeast Army. Zhang Xueliang was very satisfied with the negotiations, and took out his savings of 20,000 Guangyang and 200,000 French currency to subsidize the Red Army as anti-Japanese funds.In addition, Zhang Xueliang also presented to Zhou Enlai the large map printed in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of "Shenbao".This large map was China's first relatively accurate high-level projection and color map at that time, which could be used as an aid to the military. At that time, the Red Army had only two copies, and the other was given by Shen Bochun.This can be regarded as a precious gift! On April 22, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Zhang Xueliang.The letter wrote: "Mr. Hanqing: Sitting and talking all night, I am happy for life. Returning to all comrades and telegraphing the front, Mr. Xianfu is brave and brave, and it is a great fortune to fight against Japan. But the future is getting more urgent, and the information obtained, Jiang sent troops Shanxi originally took concrete steps to accept the Hirota Three Principles, but the Japanese emperor further demanded that China, Japan, and Manchukuo implement a military agreement, and at the same time threatened to split China and overthrow Chiang. Jiang was held hostage by this, and surrender was inevitable. The two protests against the Mongolian-Soviet Agreement are especially beginning to be seen. For the sake of resisting Japan, we cherish the Chiang family, but we cannot sacrifice ourselves for resisting Japan. For the sake of the Anti-Japanese Front and the future of the Northeast Army, sir, we should be prepared. Our army is in Jin, Progress is being made every day, and I miss Hexi, and I regret that the anti-Japanese strength with your army is mutual elimination. And it is caused by the current oppression of the Japanese emperor and the Jiang family, and the enemy is more and more angry, determined to sweep away the cooperation between the two armies Sir, do you feel the same way when you hear it? Comrade Liu Ding will be sent to ask for advice as promised, and stay with him, and entrust him to explain everything, and the business will decide everything in advance. Let all the dimensions observe." Through negotiations with Zhang Xueliang, Zhou Enlai learned more about the KMT's situation, which was extremely beneficial for the Party Central Committee to determine a new policy toward Chiang.After returning to Wayaobao, Zhou Enlai notified Mao Zedong of the negotiation situation to Mao Zedong, who was commanding the Red Army's Eastern Expedition on the front line, and conducted research with the person in charge of the central government in the rear. On April 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Declaration for the Establishment of the Anti-Japanese People's Front of All Parties and Factions in the Country". The "Declaration" said: "At the critical moment of national subjugation and genocide in the whole of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China solemnly declares to all parties in China: No matter how different opinions and beliefs we have in the past, no matter what differences we have in the past, However, we are all descendants of the great Chinese nation, we are all Chinese, and it is our common demand to resist Japan and save the country. It is all of us Chinese who unite to resist Japan and save the country. Sacred obligation!" The "Declaration" proposes to all parties and factions throughout China with a sincere attitude: the establishment of an anti-Japanese people's front to resist the Japanese imperialist bandits' long-distance drive, and to oppose the shameless and shameless acts of traitors and traitors." In the "Declaration" He also put forward the six items of the common action program and the method of sending representatives to conduct specific consultations. The parties and factions mentioned in this "manifesto" have begun to include the Kuomintang. On May 5th, the Red Army returned to the division and published the "Armistice Negotiation and Unity to Resist Japan", pointing out: "The Red Army Revolutionary Military Committee is very cautious to advise the officials of the Nanjing government. The spirit of defending against its insults outside the wall, stop the civil war nationwide, first in Shanxi, Gansu and Shanxi, and the two sides exchange representatives to discuss specific methods of resisting Japan and saving the nation." This telegram marked that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army changed their policy of opposing Chiang and resisting Japan. While doing Zhang Xueliang's united front work, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Zhang Boling, his teacher, famous educator, and president of Nankai University, on May 15 in order to open up contacts with the top KMT officials.The letter said: "I don't know Mr.'s teachings, and I will remember them forever. I have heard from my teacher that China does not have a Communist Party, but a fake Communist Party. Fortunately, the revolution has been more than ten years old, and what has been achieved is enough to be a proof of the Communist Party. It is also a failure to train teachers with false Communist behavior. At the end of last year, after the January 28th Incident, Mr. Fu Wen planned to step forward into the Jiangxi Soviet Area to stop the civil war and unite with the outside world. It is a pity that he did not see him at that time, and he did not get it. See the anti-Japanese declarations of the Soviets and the Red Army. If you came to the Soviet area at that time, the Red Army’s northward anti-Japanese road might start early, so why did you have to go to Shaanxi and Gansu with a vanguard army until last year? 25,000 Red Army The Long March in the eleven provinces in Lili was difficult, but the Red Army’s intention to resist Japan could be made known to the world. And the victory over the prestige, to preserve vitality for the resistance against Japan, is that what you like to hear? Today’s national crisis is urgent, and North China is in danger. The Red Army can’t Enduring the surrender of the five provinces of North China, they set out to march eastward in November, striving to fight against Japan, and repeatedly declared war, advocating the cessation of the civil war and united resistance against Japan. After Jiang returned to the army, he turned the Chinese army to fight against each other and clear the way for the violent Japan. This is the gist of realizing the three principles of Hirota, China and Japan's "Manchu" joint defense against communism, rather than the interests of the Chinese nation. The current situation in North China is nothing but war. To stop the advance of the Japanese emperor. North China fell, and the whole country followed. To save North China is to save the whole country. Brothers fight against the wall to defend against their aggression. If we can gather the force, manpower, financial resources and intelligence of the whole country today, and jointly fight against Japan, we will be violent. Although it is strong, it is not difficult to defeat. However, the development of a national war depends on the unity of the government and the army. In today's China, regardless of party affiliation or belief, unite governments and various armies to organize a national defense government and an anti-Japanese coalition army. To unify the outside world, and hold the anti-Japanese people's representative meeting to promote its success. Mr. North China has great expectations. If you agree, please make a word to be the first in the world. I want to see you like a cloud. Mr.'s past ambitions will be realized today. .The matter is urgent! Go east to bandit Yao, speak frankly, and I am fortunate to bestow Mingjiao." Chiang Kai-shek's basic intention to eliminate the Communist Party and the Red Army did not change much.While carrying out liaison between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he never stopped for a moment the attack on the Red Army and the blockade and "encirclement and suppression" of the Soviet area.However, with the step by step invasion of Japanese imperialism, the national anti-Japanese upsurge is increasing day by day, and the struggle within the Kuomintang is also becoming more and more fierce.Chen Jitang, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and others played the banner of "going north to resist Japan" and launched the "Guangdong Incident".An internal strife caused Chiang Kai-shek to lose sight of one another. In order to resolve the "Guangdong and Guangxi incidents" with all his strength, he had to adopt a policy of relaxation in the Northwest and began to consider the negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Under his instruction, Chen Lifu, the head of the KMT's CC faction, handed over the work of negotiating with the CCP to his cronies, Zeng Yangfu and Chen Xiaocen, who were then political affairs deputy ministers of the Ministry of Railways.Chen Xiaocen and Zeng Yangfu were classmates at Beiyang University in Tianjin. They were members of the Tianjin Consciousness Society during the May 4th Movement, and they met Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao.Chen Lifu dictated to the two of them the four conditions for the negotiation: (1) the armed forces of the communist party are welcome to participate in the war against Japan; Opinions can be put forward through the soon-to-be-established public opinion organ for the central government to adopt; (iv) the communist party can choose a region to test its political and economic ideals.Chen Xiaocen transferred these four conditions to the professor of Peking University of China who was in charge of liaison, Lu Zhenyu who maintained close ties with the underground party organization of the CCP in Beiping, and Zhang Zihua who was assigned by Zhou Enlai to be in charge of liaison with Zeng Yangfu. In mid-May, Zhang Zihua arrived in northern Shaanxi and handed over to Zhou Enlai the four conditions for the Kuomintang negotiations.Zhou Enlai welcomed the transformation of the Kuomintang, and made a positive response, writing to Chen Xiaocen, inviting Zeng Yangfu and Chen Xiaocen to come to northern Shaanxi to discuss cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.In August, Pan Hannian returned to Bao'an in northern Shaanxi and reported to Zhou Enlai about his talks with Kuomintang representative Zhang Chong in Shanghai and Nanjing.Pan Hannian was sent by the central government to the White Areas after the Red Army occupied Zunyi for the second time during the Long March last year. In the summer of the same year, he left Shanghai for Moscow with Chen Yun and Chen Tanqiu.At the end of the year, Chiang Kai-shek entrusted Deng Wenyi, the military attache of his embassy in the Soviet Union, to contact the CCP delegation to the Communist International in Moscow, out of consideration of his own interests and the need to adjust his diplomacy with the Soviet Union.At the order of the Chinese Communist Party's delegation to China International, Pan Hannian left Moscow, passed through Hong Kong, and went to Nanjing and Shanghai in July to negotiate with Zhang Chong, a representative of the Kuomintang. This Zhang Chong was the mastermind who concocted the "Wu Hao's Leaving the Communist Party Incident" in Shanghai in early 1932.He would never have dreamed that four years ago he tried everything possible to arrest Zhou Enlai, and after the arrest plan failed, he used frame-up methods in an attempt to ruin Zhou Enlai's reputation.Now, as the KMT's negotiator, he had to prepare to deal with Zhou Enlai.As for how the two turned enemies into friends and forged a deep friendship during the long negotiation process, that is a story to be narrated in another book. At that time, Zeng Yangfu, who had a positive attitude towards negotiating with the CCP, decided to establish contact between Wuhan Radio Station and northern Shaanxi after he was transferred to the mayor of Guangzhou.Zhang Zihua went to northern Shaanxi with the password to contact the Kuomintang radio station, and handed over a letter from Zeng Yangfu hoping that Zhou En would come to Guangzhou for negotiations.Zhou Enlai attached great importance to this situation, and after discussing it with other leaders of the central government, he decided to invite representatives of the Kuomintang to come to northern Shaanxi to negotiate.On August 31, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Zeng Yangfu.The letter wrote: "Brother Huang (Zhang Zihua) brought back the letter and expressed his good intentions. The comrades here are very fortunate. The national crisis is so critical, and non-union is not enough to make a big move. My brother has appealed for several years. Fortunately, you have expressed your sympathy and returned to the country. Thanks to my brother's help, the future of saving the nation is really beneficial. In addition to sending an official letter to the Central Committee of your party, expressing the general policy of the party and the intention and desire to establish cooperation between the two parties, I would like to cooperate with you in order to speed up the matter. Your side is responsible for the specific negotiations on behalf of you. I promise to meet you in person, and I welcome you very much. However, it is not easy for me to go out around the Soviet area. If my brother and Mr. Lifu can come to our land, I will take full responsibility for the safety of my brother and others. If there is any inconvenience, the foot of Huayin will also be used as a place to meet. However, it is necessary for you to plan for my brother to go out safely. For the sake of prudence and secret planning, I still ask Brother Huang to report back and bring a more appropriate password. The wavelength of the call sign is the same as the Tathagata's appointment. All confidential matters can be discussed by phone. The meeting date is agreed, that is, I hope to ask Brother Huang to arrange everything first, so that I can go there on my brother's behalf." On September 1, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu.The letter wrote: "Mr. Guofu and Lifu: We have been separated for ten years, and the country is in dire straits. It is reported that the two gentlemen have joined forces with Russia. Although it is a road rumor, we can already see the recent trend of the two gentlemen. Huang Jun came from Jinling. Knowing that what Mr. Yangfu planned is being presided over by a sage. Calling high and far away, I want to see that the atmosphere in central Beijing is no longer what it used to be. Our party has appealed for several years, and the two gentlemen have inspired and guided the two parties to cooperate again. , the country’s crisis turned around, it’s really all in one fell swoop. Nearby invaders have entered Yishen, and the puppet army invaded Sui. This is not only what the enemies of our nation want, but it also eliminates the national power and will soon perish. Since the first army arrived in the northwest, we have repeatedly asked for a truce. Now the second and fourth front armies have also entered Shaanxi. Gan, the whole purpose is to unite against Japan, and to protect the Northwest is to protect China. We hereby send you an official letter from the Central Committee of your party, expressing our general policy and the hope and sincerity of establishing bipartisan cooperation, in order to save the nation and resist the aggression, and to avoid A new path. The two gentlemen are at the center of your party, and they are very close to Mr. Jiang. I hope to make a further statement, stop military operations immediately, implement alliances with Russia and the Communist Party, and unite to resist Japan. The national barriers will be renewed. Although it is poisonous, it will eventually be broken by the united front. You can say that. In order to implement this proposition, we have already prepared to conduct specific negotiations with your responsible representative at any time. Mr. Yangfu is now invited to discuss in person, and I welcome it. But very I hope that Mr. Liang can attend the meeting directly. If Mr. Husband can’t be spared from public affairs, I hope Mr. Lifu will spare no effort so that both parties can conduct a responsible negotiation quickly. I hope that Mr. Liang will be optimistic, and he will not be regarded as a hero with contempt. Linying looks forward to it , waiting to pay you back.” On September 22, Zhou Enlai sent another letter to the Chen brothers.The letter wrote: "Mr. Guofu and Lifu: Huang Jun (Zhang Zihua) sent a letter to Chen before, and I think it has been read. Regarding the specific negotiations between the representatives of the two parties, I have not been repeated so far. I am very anxious. The Japanese invaders are more anxious. , My brother’s request for a truce has been repeated. But after Mr. Jiang resolved the Guangdong-Guangdong Incident, he still dispatched Hu troops to Shaanxi to prevent our Second and Fourth Fronts from going north to resist Japan. How can stopping the civil war be applied to the southwest, but not to the northwest? Since the civil war continued, all anti-Japanese preparations were out of the question. Mr. Yangfu had exchanged numerous letters, and his younger brother had sincerely told him many times. However, Mr. Jiang was indecisive. The hostility not only remained unchanged, but even worse. This pedantic leader Kou Yan is of no benefit to the rescuer of the national disaster. The two gentlemen are the backbone of your party and country, leading the party conference. If you can urge Mr. Jiang to stop the civil war and start negotiations early, so as to realize the cooperation between the two parties and jointly defend against powerful enemies, Fortunately for the two parties, it is also a blessing for the country. In order to speed up the matter, Comrade Pan Hannian, the special committee, came to explain in detail the sincerity of his brother, and discussed the place and time for the representatives of the two parties to negotiate (Comrade Han is the liaison representative, and he is not responsible for any negotiating responsibility), and Xici will contact you at that time. Linying is in a hurry and can't say enough." On the same day, Zhou Enlai wrote to Chiang Kai-shek.The letter reads: "Mr. Jieshi: It has been ten years since you announced your anti-communism, and you have been fighting for justice with your husband. You also worked hard to clean up the party to 'suppress the Communist Party', but how much did you pay for your hard work? The Japanese thieves have seized half of our mountains and rivers, and now they are ascending into the house, and the national catastrophe is over 400 million people! Nearby, Mr. solved the Southwest Incident and gradually adopted the policy of stopping the civil war. The people of the country have a little favorable opinion of this. But The attack on the Red Army is still unwilling to stop immediately. How can you still ignore the repeated declarations of the Soviet Red Army and the urgent appeals of national public opinion? Sir, you should know that what the Communist Party wants today is to stop the civil war, establish a united front against Japan and truly Launch the Anti-Japanese War. If the civil war can be stopped, the anti-Japanese war can be implemented, and the anti-Japanese freedom can be realized, then the Soviets and the Red Army vow to implement their own declarations, unite under the command of the national anti-Japanese government, and fight to the end to expel the Japanese invaders. Mr. Su A person who takes inheriting Mr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary tradition as his duty, has been in power for ten years, and has shown the Chinese people's failure to compromise with the outside world and conquer the country at home. Now that the catastrophe is at hand, the people of the country are more eager to resist Japan than May 30th, and they are more eager to cooperate with each other than In the thirteenth year of the Republic of China, the reorganization, sir, is also determined to return to the tradition of Mr. Sun's three revolutionary policies and seek cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party? When Mr. Sun implemented Mr. Sun's revolutionary policy, the people of the whole country followed suit, and Mr. created Huangpu with it. Trained the party and army, unified Guangdong and Guangxi, sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and arrived in Wuhan. After Mr. Ji abandoned Mr. Sun’s legacy and split the united front of the two parties, the people rebelled against their relatives, and internal strife continued. After the "September 18th", five years of foreign troubles, the country was almost destroyed. . "Mr. Looking back on the past, he also feels that the civil war can no longer be prolonged and the resistance against Japan cannot be delayed? The Soviet and the Red Army have appealed for this, and they have tried again and again, but they still have no firm consent from Mr. The former was blocked in Jin Now, the main force of the national Red Army is concentrated in the northwest, and its purpose is to resist Japan. Mr. Nai has increased his troops again to press him. How can you forget that the Japanese invaders have already sent troops to the east, and are eager to move, that is, to turn the northwest into a colony? Dare you? I would like to tell you sir: the Red Army must not be able to deal with you, and the ten-year record has already shown the people of the country. Especially in the face of a big enemy, it is urgent to unite and resist insults. Cutting down on each other is not only invincible in victory, but also endless disasters. If you use ten years Enmity is not easy to talk about, and it is not easy to believe in a truce and peace, so you might as well agree on the truce area and invite representatives from all walks of life of the domestic national salvation organization to monitor the truce. You must know that the Red Army will keep its promise and only want to serve as a certain line of defense in the War of Resistance Against Japan. For national liberation, he has nothing to ask for. Sir, is he also interested in renewing this national barrier and realizing it first in the Northwest? The world is raging, and he is alone. If you decide to change your own policy, the Soviet and the Red Army are ready at any time Send responsible representatives to agree with Mr. on the grand plan of the Anti-Japanese War. This policy determined by the Communist Party and the Red Army will go all the way through thousands of twists and turns, and those who fail to achieve the goal will not stop. Mr. is the supreme leader of the Kuomintang and the Nanjing government, commanding the largest army in the country. Make the Anti-Japanese War without Mr. It will make the Japanese aggression easier to realize. This traitor and the pro-Japanese faction are praying. Mr. and the majority of the Kuomintang should never fall into this trick. The people of the whole country and the anti-Japanese organizations from all walks of life have tried their best to resist Japan. The army led by Mr. and the anti-Japanese elements in the party and government also tried to look forward to Mr. as an anti-Japanese leader. The Communist Party and the Red Army desperately hope that Mr. will get out of the past policy of harming the country and enter the field of re-cooperation and joint resistance against Japan. I am a national hero, and I don’t want my husband to be a national sinner. If you still err on the wrong road and follow the two contradictory policies of anti-Japanese and pro-Japanese, the Japanese invaders will advance, and your reputation will suffer. , It will definitely affect the whole country. Even if you come to it with heavy troops, it will be difficult for you not to be involved in the fury of the Anti-Japanese War, and how will you deal with yourself?" On September 23, Zhou Enlai wrote a letter to Hu Zongnan, commander of the Kuomintang First Army and commander of the First Division.The letter wrote: "Student Zongnan: I sent a letter from Shanghai before, but I don't know if it can reach the left or right? My brother has been 'suppressing the Communist Party' for ten years, running north and south. This transfer to the south, without bloodshed, can not be said to be accepted by Mr. Jiang. The unanimous demand to stop the civil war in the country is also to preserve the vitality of the country. Brother Wen has now been ordered to come to Shaanxi to reorganize his division and attack the Red Army. Mr. Jiang may think that the Red Army is not easy to win, and it cannot be forced to submit unless it is heavily suppressed. But brother can not ignore the past battle situation. Regardless of the distance, the battle of Songpan, brother firmly controlled the key points of the strategy, and even used natural barriers to try to trap me in the wild mountains and grasslands, but the battle of Baozuo could not stop me from driving. The situation is different. Our three front armies have united into one, and the one we seek is going north to resist Japan. My brother led the lone army to go deep. If you are in a hurry, withering each other will only damage the national strength, and stalemate will make the Japanese invaders reap the benefits of fishermen. "If you lose the Northwest again, you will be in catastrophe, and you will be slaves. There is no victory or defeat! Therefore, the Red Army is not one who dares to fight, let alone one who can submit to oppression. It must be at the mercy of the country, and sincerely does not want to hurt too much. Therefore, I did not hesitate to appeal again and again, praying for a truce to resist insults. Now I am attaching an official letter from the Communist Party to the Kuomintang, and I hope to review it. We are all people with national blood, and we also participated in the battle of the Great Revolution. Although the scriptures are weird , but in today's catastrophe, everything should be based on the premise of saving the nation, and we should all aim at resisting insults and sincerity. Does my brother have any intentions? I have heard that among the students in Huangpu, there are quite a few people who tend to unite with Russia and the Communist Party to save the country. Mr. Jiang also used sincerity Unity and going to the country together are hard to say, but if brothers are capable of upholding righteousness and being classmates first, then in an instant, Northwest was saved and the cooperation was completed. Discussing with Mr. Jiang, while standing by the army, it is more like slaughtering and laughing at the people of the country. This is the country. Retaining vitality and maintaining strength for the war of resistance is not only a blessing for the nation, but also a blessing for brother and Mr. Jiang. If you wish to send envoys to discuss, I hope to pray." On September 24, Pan Hannian was ordered by Zhou Enlai to leave Bao'an and go to Shanghai to negotiate with representatives of the Kuomintang.In addition to the "Letter from the Communist Party of China to the Chinese Kuomintang" and the letter from Zhou Enlai to Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu, he also carried the "Draft Agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to Resist Japan and Save the Nation" drafted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.There are eight articles in the draft, the most important being the first five articles, namely: (1) The two sides dispatched plenipotentiary representatives to hold negotiations and conclude this Anti-Japanese National Salvation Agreement. (2) The two sides shall work together to carry out the armed resistance against Japan, guarantee and restore the territory and sovereignty of the whole of China, realize the joint front of all parties, factions, walks of life and armies in the country to resist Japan and save the nation, and establish the Democratic Republic of China in accordance with the democratic program. (3) Necessary steps: 1. Immediate cessation of military hostilities by both parties; 2. Delineation of necessary and suitable areas for the Red Army to garrison, supply of military expenses, food and all military supplies, and the organization and leadership of the Communist Party in the Red Army must not be changed; 3. Reform The current political system releases political prisoners, no longer destroys the organization of the Communist Party and no longer arrests Communist Party personnel, and the Communist Party stops overthrowing the current government by force; 4. Convenes the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Congress; 5. Establishes a unified national military command organization, and the Red Army sends people To participate, the Communist Party of China recognizes that the Kuomintang occupies a leading position in such organs; Sixth, conclude a mutual assistance agreement with the Soviet Union. (iv) The two parties each send an equal number of representatives to organize a mixed committee as an organ for regular contact and discussion. (v) Both parties maintain their political and organizational independence. Soon, Zhang Zihua returned to northern Shaanxi, and this time he brought two things at the same time. One was a letter from Zeng Yangfu inviting Zhou Enlai to Guangzhou for negotiations, and the other was a passport for Zhou Enlai.On October 8, the central government stated that Zhou Enlai could fly to Guangzhou to negotiate in order to promote the Nanjing government’s resistance to Japan, but the prerequisite was that the Kuomintang would no longer lose its territorial sovereignty and no longer attack the Red Army. . At this time, the situation changed again.After Chiang Kai-shek resolved the "Guangdong and Guangxi Incident", he was free to deal with the Northwest issue.He dispatched troops and generals, and the army gathered in Xi'an in an attempt to wipe out the Red Army in one fell swoop and solve the problem of the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army.It turned out that the previous contact and negotiation with the CCP was just a last resort due to the situation.As early as when he arranged negotiations with Chen Lifu, he formulated a policy for the CCP: "The CCP must be disarmed first, and then the problem with his party can be treated as a political problem and resolved in a political way." Now, he believes that eliminating When the time came for the Red Army, he went to Xi'an to deploy and direct the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army, and threatened that "the nearest enemy is the Communist Party, and the damage is the most urgent; Japan is far away from us, and the damage is slow."Under such circumstances, the negotiation plan of the top officials of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was stranded.On October 14, the central government decided that Zhou Enlai would not go out for the time being, and that Pan Hannian would hold preliminary negotiations with the Kuomintang representatives.On October 21, Zhou Enlai informed Zhang Zihua who was in Xi'an of the decision, asking him to call Zeng Yangfu and Chen Lifu. Although due to Chiang Kai-shek's lack of sincerity and aggressive "encirclement and suppression" of the Soviet area, the high-level negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party could not be held as scheduled, but after nearly a year of contact, the two sides have enhanced their understanding and maintained close contact.All of this laid a solid foundation for the occurrence of the "Xi'an Incident" that shocked China and the world soon after, with profound historical significance and significance, and for the realization of the second KMT-CPC cooperation.