Chapter 47 (1) Go to northern Shaanxi

Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, etc., more than 6,000 members of the First Red Army, the Third Army, and the column directly under the Military Commission left Brazil in the early morning of September 10, and arrived at the Russian border in Diebu County, Gansu Province the next day via Assi.In view of Zhang Guotao's opposition to the central government's policy of going north, and the road of splitting the party and the military, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in the Russian border on the 12th to discuss Zhang Guotao's problems and the organization and action plans of the troops.Zhou Enlai did not attend the Russian meeting due to illness.

The Russian Boundary Conference exposed Zhang Guotao's conspiracy to support the self-respect of the army, create splits, and usurp military power and party power. It made the "Wrong Decision on Comrade Zhang Guotao", pointing out that the essence of the dispute between the leaders of the Fourth Front Army and the vast majority of comrades in the Central Committee was Due to differences in principle between the current political situation and the comparison of the strength of the enemy and ourselves, Zhang Guotao exaggerated the strength of the enemy and underestimated his own strength. As a result, he lost confidence in creating a new Soviet area on the anti-Japanese front in Northwest China, and advocated using the strength of Southwest China. The policy of retreating in the border areas (Chuankang-Tibet border) replaced the Bolshevik policy of advancing to the northwest of China and establishing model anti-Japanese Soviet bases.Due to Comrade Zhang Guotao's tendency towards opportunism and warlordism, he adopted an absolutely intolerable attitude towards the Party Central Committee.

He not only completely rejected the central government's patient persuasion, explanation, advice and inducement, but also organized a small anti-party group to wage an open struggle against the central government; he denied the party's basic principle of democratic centralism and disregarded all party discipline , Willfully destroy the prestige of the central government in front of the masses.The Politburo believes that Comrade Zhang Guotao's tendency to right opportunism and warlordism has his long-term historical roots.Comrade Zhang Guotao made many opportunist mistakes and fought many factional struggles within the Chinese Communist Party.In the short period after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee, although he expressed his obedience and loyalty to the reformed Central Committee at that time, he did not fully understand his past mistakes.Therefore, after he was far away from the central government and separated from the central leadership for a long time, he developed a new tendency of opportunism and warlordism.Obviously, Comrade Zhang Guotao's development and persistence of this tendency will cause Comrade Zhang Guotao to leave the party.Therefore, the Politburo believed that all concrete measures must be taken to correct Zhang Guotao's serious mistakes, and called on all comrades in the Fourth Red Army who were loyal to the Communist Party to unite around the Party Central Committee and fight resolutely against this tendency, so as to consolidate the Party and the Red Army. .This decision is sent only to members of the CCP Central Committee.

Regarding organizational issues, the Russian Conference decided: "First, the troops going north will be reduced into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as the commander, Mao Zedong as the political commissar, Lin Biao as the deputy commander, Ye Jianying as the chief of staff, and Wang Jiaxiang as the political Yang Shangkun served as the deputy director. Second, set up a five-member regiment composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang, Peng Dehuai, and Lin Biao as the highest leadership core of the entire army. Third, set up an organization committee with Li De as the director, Ye Jianying, Deng Fa , Cai Shufan, and Li Weihan are members responsible for the reorganization of the troops."

Li De, who had been silent for eight months, made a comeback at this time.Not only did he participate in the Russian Conference, he was also appointed as the director of the Red Army Organization Committee by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.Before that, although he did not directly participate in the struggle with Zhang Guotao, he was on the side of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in the dispute between going north or going south.For some reason, when he met Zhang Guotao in two ways, he felt disliked when he saw Zhang Guotao.He felt that Zhang Guotao was not only arrogant, but also insidious.It seems that he has a good eye for this point, so he has spotted it.

In the early morning of leaving Brazil, Chen Changhao, who resolutely carried out Zhang Guotao's order to go south, sent Li Te, dean of education of the Red Army University, to the Red Army University to persuade the students of the Red Army University to resist the central government's order to go north and go south with Zhang Guotao.Li De, who supported going north, quarreled with Li Te, and the two pushed and shoved, almost using force.Mao Zedong arrived in time, reasoned with Li Te, and patiently persuaded him.Not only did Li Te not listen, he jumped up and pointed at Mao Zedong and loudly accused Mao Zedong of committing the crime of "escapeism".Li De, who was standing aside, was worried that Li Te would act aggressively towards Mao Zedong, so he suddenly hugged Li Te tightly from behind.Li Te struggled a bit, but couldn't get rid of Li De's iron-like arms.Li De is tall and strong, and Li Te is no match for him when he uses martial arts.Mao Zedong immediately asked Li De to let Li Te go, and he was still a gentleman who talked rather than acted, and focused on reasoning.

At this time, Li De supported Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai's idea of ​​going north, but resolutely opposed Zhang Guotao's going south. He did not sincerely support Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai's strategic decisions, but considered his own interests.Going north to establish a base close to the Soviet Union, he will soon be able to get in touch with Moscow, and he will be able to report to the Communist Party everything that happened in the Red Army, especially Mao Zedong's "violation of the Communist International line" and the suppression of him. International complaint.Nothing was more urgent or important to him than this.If you go south with Zhang Guotao, you will go further and further away. I don’t know if you have to wait until the year of the monkey to contact Moscow and file a complaint with the Communist International.

In any case, Li De's support for the North has its positive side, even if it is due to his personal motives, it should be affirmed.Therefore, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee entrusted him with the important task of organizing the Red Army, and even Ye Jianying, Deng Fa and other top figures in the Red Army became his assistants. Respect, even though the Reds suffered heavy losses due to his mistakes. On the day of the Russian World Conference, Zhang Guotao directly called the First and Third Armies of the Red Army, and telegraphed: "The First and Third Armies going east alone will become an endless escape, and I will really regret it in the future. . Winter clothes, if you don’t delay to death, you will freeze to death. You don’t want to defeat the enemy as a prerequisite, just want to move to a better area. If you deceive yourself and others, you will really ruin the first and third armies. . Sichuan, that province will always be our base."

On September 14, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called Zhang Guotao again.The telegram said: "The current actions of the First and Fourth Front Armies are inconsistent, and the reason for the separation operation is that the General Political Commissar refused to implement the Central Committee's strategic policy and disobeyed the Central Committee's repeated instructions and telegrams. Should bear absolute responsibility. Only when the General Political Commissar abandons his wrong position and resolutely implements the central line, can he be said to be united and consistent internally. All diplomatic rhetoric must not conceal this truth, let alone deceive the entire party and the Communist International The telegram further stated that "the central government took the lead in the first and third armies to go north, just to realize its own strategic policy, and tried to use its own hard struggle to open up the way for the left army and the right army fourth and thirty armies, so as to facilitate them. 1. Regardless of all difficulties, the heads of the three armies and all the commanders and fighters resolutely shoulder the important task of the vanguard to realize the central strategic policy, and they are a model for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army." "General Political Commissar Zhang, without the approval of the Central Committee, privately transferred troops to directions that were extremely dangerous to the Red Army (Aba and Dajinchuan). ". "For the benefit of the Chinese Soviet revolution, the central government once again requests General Political Commissar Zhang to immediately cancel his determination and order to go south, obey the central telegram, and specifically deploy the left army and the 4th and 30th armies to continue northward. This telegram must be conveyed to Zhu (Germany), Liu (Bocheng). Lifu."

At this time, Zhang Guotao no longer took the central government's instructions seriously.On September 17, he issued an order to go south, putting forward the slogan of "go south in a big way, and hit Lushan to eat rice in Tianquan". , Malkang line.Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao led the Red Fourth Army, Thirty Red Army Army and some students of the Red Army University to go back and cross the vast and silent grassland with long yellow grass and cold wind. After the Russian World Conference, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai and others led their troops to continue northward.At the meeting on the Russian border, although it was proposed that northern Shaanxi and eastern Gansu would be the places the Red Army must pass through, and that they should strive for rest when possible, and also proposed to fight to the border close to the Soviet Union, but at this time it was not known that northern Shaanxi would still retain There was a fairly large Soviet area and the Red Army.At this time, the Red Army had already entered Gannan, and the new military deployment of Jiang's army had not yet been completed. In Gannan's Xigu, Minxian, and Lintan lines, there was only one division of the Gansu warlord Lu Dachang, and the force was relatively weak. The line hasn't been built yet.On September 16, the Red Army repelled the blockade of the Sixth Regiment of Lu Dachang's Department, captured Lazikou, an important pass on the border between Sichuan and Gansu, the next day, and took advantage of the victory to occupy Hadapu the next day.

This small town with only about 500 households and 2,000 to 3,000 people has a long, small street. Although the street is narrow, there are many shops.For the Red Army who climbed the snow-capped mountains and crossed the grass, entering Hadapu at this time is like coming to a bustling big city.The people in the town have been plundered by local warlords all year round, and they have long believed that the soldiers and bandits belong to a family, and they can't hide when they see the soldiers.However, I was very curious to see such a ragged army with strict military discipline and no crimes against the common people. They rushed to the streets to watch as if they were aliens.The streets less than a foot wide were full of people standing everywhere, and the crowds gathered more and more, and soon the streets were so crowded that the troops could not even walk.I just came from an unfamiliar Tibetan area, and the people I see now speak the same language and greet each other without any sense of separation.Everyone greeted each other with smiles, adding a bit of intimacy, and the army and civilians quickly melted together.Some women, seeing the female soldiers in military uniforms with belts around their waists, stared at them for a long time, and asked them if they were women. The female soldiers nodded and said yes, but they didn't believe it. To verify their integrity, the female soldiers couldn't help laughing. Stationed in Hadapu, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao lived in an ordinary courtyard house next to a monastery.On this day, the sky is bright and the air is clear, and the wind is smooth.Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, whose health had improved, were chatting in the yard when they suddenly remembered something, sighed and said: "We climbed the snowy mountains and crossed the grasslands to Hadapu. We don't know anything about the outside world these days. Blind!" Deng Yingchao said: "If you can find some recent newspapers to read, it will be an eye-opener." "That's a good idea!" Zhou Enlai's eyes lit up.He looked at Chen Shilin, the hygienist beside him, and said, "Old Cousin Chen Shilin, you have nothing to do now, go out and get some newspapers." Chen Shilin looked at Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao in bewilderment, and said, "The troops just arrived here, where did you get the newspaper?" Deng Yingchao said: "We are talking about the old newspapers of the Kuomintang." Chen Shilin said: "The newspapers of the Kuomintang are full of insults against us!" Zhou Enlai: "You don't understand, those words that scold us can be of great use to us sometimes!" How can the words of the Kuomintang that scold the Communist Party and the Red Army be of any use to us?Chen Shilin was still puzzled.However, this is what the chief ordered, and he still regards it as a serious task to complete.After leaving the courtyard, Chen Shilin met Ouyang Yi, Chen Zhifang, and Xie Denghong, classmates from the Tingzhou Red Army Health School in the Central Soviet Area of ​​Jiangxi Province in the street.Hearing that the chief wanted to find the KMT's newspaper, they went to find it together.They went to the town office where the Red Army health team was stationed on the north side of the street, and searched room by room. In a dimly lit room full of sundries, they found several copies of "Ta Kung Pao", "Shanxi Daily", and "Tianjin Yishi Bao".They took the newspaper back.Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao eagerly took the newspaper and flipped through it. Sure enough, a piece of news published in "Ta Kung Pao" immediately caught their attention.The general content of the news is: "The communist army went from Shangcheng to Macheng, crossed Tiangu Mountain, entered Chaijiaguan in Shaanxi, and Heishan Street in southern Shaanxi. They attacked Qinling and approached Xi'an, fled north, and entered the bandit area in northern Shaanxi." "That's great!" Zhou Enlai jumped up like a thousand horses, and the cotton coat on his body fell to the ground. He held up the newspaper in his hand, hurried out of the gate, and walked towards the nearby city. Mao Zedong ran to the residence. In the backyard of a traditional Chinese medicine shop opposite the town post office is Mao Zedong's residence.In a simple room, Mao Zedong was sitting on a kang, smoking a cigarette, and contemplating a map on a small table.Although the Russian Conference decided that the Red Army would go north and pass through Northeast Gansu to open up the international route through guerrilla warfare, obtain the help of the Soviet Union, and establish a base in an area close to the Soviet Union.This is just a general direction, where is the specific destination?Where is it suitable to establish such a base?Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia...?Mao Zedong pointed to the densely packed lines and words on the map, looked and looked, thought and thought, then lit a cigarette and smoked, hesitating.Zhou Enlai came all the way excitedly. Seeing Mao Zedong facing the map with his brows contemplating, he quickly suppressed the joy in his heart, pretended to be nonchalant, and walked gently to Mao Zedong.He hid the newspaper behind his back and said, "Chairman Mao, are you worried about our new base?" Mao Zedong took a long puff of cigarette, then exhaled a long puff of smoke, and said, "Where is the right place for us to set up our base in such a large area of ​​land in the Northwest Plateau?" Zhou Enlai sat down on the edge of the kang, looked at Mao Zedong and said: "Right now, we are not in a hurry to want such a large piece of land. A small piece of land is enough. It is best for this small piece of land to have a mass base that supports us. These 'red bandits' came from afar." Mao Zedong sighed and said, "How can there be such a piece of land here?" Zhou Enlai hid himself and said in a calm tone as much as possible: "That small territory not only has a mass base, but also our own team. Before we arrived, they had already opened up a base..." Mao Zedong interrupted Zhou Enlai: "Enlai, are you talking in your sleep?" Zhou Enlai said seriously: "Do you think I am talking in my sleep?" As he spoke, he took the newspaper from behind and slapped the small table on the kang vigorously.Mao Zedong was puzzled for a while, looked at Zhou Enlai, stared at the newspaper for a while, and then picked up the newspaper to read.He casually glanced through the headlines in the newspaper, and suddenly, his eyes lit up, and his gaze was fixed on that news.He read the new passage word by word, thinking he had made a mistake, and read it from the beginning.Putting down the newspaper, he stared blankly at Zhou Enlai and asked in a low voice, "Enlai, am I dreaming?" Zhou Enlai said loudly: "It's not a dream." Mao Zedong picked up the newspaper again and read it carefully.Putting down the newspaper, he stared at Zhou Enlai again and asked, "Isn't it really a dream?" Zhou Enlai said, "It's really not a dream." "God help me too!" Mao Zedong let out a long breath and patted the newspaper on the table vigorously.Then, afraid of being really dazzled and making a mistake, he picked up the newspaper and read it again.Then, he picked up a red pencil, drew a circle on the map, and patted the red circle with one hand: "This is the place!" On September 22, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others called a meeting of cadres above the group at the Guandi Temple in Hadapu.At the meeting, Mao Zedong announced that he would go to northern Shaanxi, where the Red Army and the revolutionary bases led by Liu Zhidan and Xu Haidong were located.At the same time, it was announced that the Red Front Army would be reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, with three columns under its jurisdiction: Lin Biao, the commander of the first column, and Nie Rongzhen, the political commissar; Peng Xuefeng, the commander of the second column, and Li Fuchun, the political commissar; Ye Jianying, the commander of the third column, and Deng Fa, the political commissar. Afterwards, the troops continued to advance northward, arriving at Shanjiaji in Longde County on October 5, and at the foot of Liupan Mountain.From the 5th to the 7th, the troops crossed Liupan Mountain and marched towards Huanxian and Qingyang.On the 12th, they marched towards the Soviet Area in northern Shaanxi via the northwest region of Huan County, and arrived at Wuqi Town on the 19th.