Chapter 13 4.1 Organized

Some cadres want to take advantage of the momentum of defeating speculative capital to eliminate private capital in one fell swoop. Chen Yun warned: Long live the People's Republic of China, why is there such a hurry. After repelling the four attacks of speculative capital in the price struggle and unifying finance and economics, an unexpected situation emerged: in March 1950, prices began to drop across the country, and the market generally suffered from unsalable important consumer goods such as grain and gauze, resulting in Factories closed, stores closed, and workers lost their jobs.This phenomenon is universal, not only in large cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin, but also in many small and medium-sized cities.

Private industry and commerce were in trouble, which caused serious concern to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Mao Zedong proposed to adjust industry and commerce. In March and April 1950, Mao Zedong pointed out at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee: "After the establishment of the Central People's Government, it mainly focused on a financial problem. The current financial and economic improvement is only a financial improvement, not an economic improvement; The improvement can only be said to be the beginning of improvement, and the fundamental improvement requires the completion of the reform of the land system. At present, a financial victory has been won, and the current problem must be shifted to economic development and adjustment of industry and commerce." "Cooperation with the bourgeoisie is a must." Otherwise, the "Common Program" will become a dead letter, politically disadvantaged, and economically disadvantaged. "Don't look at the monk's face to see the Buddha's face" maintains private industry and commerce. First, it maintains production; second, it maintains workers; Three workers can also get some benefits. Of course, capitalists are also given a certain amount of profit. But in comparison, the current development of private industry and commerce is not so much beneficial to capitalists as it is beneficial to workers and the people." The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to adjust industry and commerce. The principle is to give consideration to both public and private interests, and to benefit both labor and capital.

To do a good job in the adjustment of industry and commerce, we must correct the "Left" thinking that has just emerged in the party.Central leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai discovered in time the "Left" sentiment among some financial and economic workers in dealing with bourgeois issues, and criticized and corrected this tendency. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to stabilize the economy, the people's government took some severe measures against speculative capital, which was necessary at the time.However, some cadres in the finance and economics department are a little aggressive in their guiding ideology, and they have incorrect ideas and practices that want to crush private industry and commerce. On the other hand, the requirements are too strict and too tight.

Chen Yun said to Xue Muqiao, Director of the Bureau of Private Enterprises at the time: "Long live the People's Republic of China, time is long, why bother to restrict them?" " From May 8th to 25th, 1950, the Central Finance Committee held a meeting of directors of industry and commerce in seven major cities, Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, and Xi'an.At the meeting, Chen Yun made a speech on adjusting industry and commerce, and proposed several ways to solve the difficulties of industry and commerce: (1) Focus on maintaining production.For the textile industry in East China, it is planned to adopt the method of state allocation of raw materials and private factories for processing; some industries such as machine manufacturing, rubber, and paper making will adopt the method of the state ordering private factories.

(2) To guide the sales of industrial products.One is to purchase agricultural products to increase the purchasing power of farmers, and the other is to give preferential conditions to the government to organize the export of industrial products that are currently difficult to export. (3) Combine public and private forces to organize capital turnover. (4) Help private factories improve their operation and management. (5) Focus on organizing unemployment relief. The adjustment work was basically completed in September 1950.After adjustment, the country's financial and economic situation has undergone significant changes.In this regard, Chen Yun said happily: "Prices stabilized in March, and in mid-May, industrial and commercial people all over the country shouted that the goods could not be sold. So we sent two "rescue soldiers", one for processing orders, and the other for purchasing local products. We decided together The function is to purchase local products, because the purchase of local products will issue banknotes, and the rural areas can buy things when they have money. By September, the situation in the whole country will change, and the neon lights will be on.”

After various measures to adjust industry and commerce came into effect, the national economy began to get on the right track.Later, Chen Yun made a wonderful summary of this period of work. He said: At that time, we mainly focused on two things, one was unification, and the other was adjustment.Unification means unifying financial management; adjustment means adjusting industry and commerce.Unified tune, "Only these two things, the world will be settled."