Chapter 16 Establish a soviet area

In July 1932, in order to further develop the Weibei guerrilla warfare and establish a revolutionary committee, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Sanyuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China.Huang Ziwen decided to expand the Wuzi district guerrilla brigade formed by Huang Zixiang in accordance with the spirit of the provincial party committee's instructions. On August 1, Ziwen and Jin Tianhua, who was assigned by the Provincial Party Committee to work in Wuzi District, formally established the "Weibei Guerrilla Brigade" based on the Wuzi District guerrilla brigade, with Ma Zhizhou as the captain and Jin Tianhua as the political commissar.In the same month, the Sanyuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed Wuzi District to set up the "Wuzi District Revolutionary Committee", with Huang Zixiang and Tang Yuhuai as the chairman and vice chairman.So far, the area of ​​guerrilla activities has expanded, and the Wuzi District Revolutionary Committee has also launched a food distribution struggle among the masses.In the middle of the same month, Cheng Shuangyin, the captain of the special service team of the second detachment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Army, was killed. The team was brought by Xi Zhongxun to the Wuzi District and was reorganized into the Wuzi District Guerrilla Team. Chen Guoxi was the captain and Xi Zhongxun was the instructor. The team was active in Sanyuan and Fuping The Weibei guerrilla forces have been strengthened in the border area of ​​Yaoxian County and Yaoxian County, and the Weibei revolutionary base has been further developed.

On September 22, the Weibei Revolutionary Committee held its inaugural meeting in Wuzi District.The meeting passed twelve resolutions including the immediate publication and implementation of the Soviet Land Law, the transformation and expansion of the guerrilla, and the organization and development of the surrounding area. In order to strengthen the work of the Revolutionary Committee, at the beginning of October of the same year, the "Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China" was established in Wuzi District under the guidance of the Provincial Party Committee. Li Jiefu served as the secretary, Li Chongxiao, Huang Ziwen, Wang Lie (Wang Feng), Hong Taoxiang (Cheng Jianwen) For the Standing Committee.Huang Ziwen is also in charge of publicity work.On the 18th of the same month, the Weibei Revolutionary Committee (the original Fu and Yao Revolutionary Committees) was reorganized. Huang Ziwen was appointed as the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee and a member of the Party Committee of the Revolutionary Committee, and Li Chongxiao was appointed as the Secretary of the Party Committee (later Zheng Yanqing).Under the revolutionary committee, there are land, military, finance, anti-revolutionary, and education ministries.Ma Zizhou served as Minister of Land, Zheng Yanqing served as Minister of Military Affairs, Sun Pingzhang served as Minister of Finance, and Deng Wanshun, Hao Zuyi, and Ma Zongde were members of the Revolutionary Committee.The establishment of armed forces and group organizations under the leadership of the Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Weibei Revolutionary Committee enabled the smooth progress of various tasks in the Weibei Revolutionary Base Area.

On October 20, under the leadership of the Special Committee and the Revolutionary Committee headed by Li Jiefu and Huang Ziwen, a joint meeting of various branches and the Federation of Farmers was held, and it was decided that under the principle of benefiting poor farmers and hired farmers, the Branch of the Farmers' Federation would immediately serve as the leader. Units carry out land allocation work. On the 26th, the Special Committee and the Revolutionary Committee convened a leadership meeting of various organizations, requiring leading cadres to strengthen their leadership and be responsible for land distribution by division. On the 27th, the special committee of the party and youth league held a meeting of secretaries of the party and youth league branches, and decided that the various cultural and cultural departments should use the revolutionary competition method to concentrate time and energy on carrying out the regional movement. On the 28th, Li Jiefu and Huang Ziwen presided over a meeting of representatives of 38 villages and forts in Wuzi District, summed up the experience of land distribution in the southern plateau of Wuzi District, and further studied the Soviet Land Law, which brought a climax to the land distribution work in the whole district.

From the original grain distribution struggle to the land distribution movement, the farmers' ideological understanding has been greatly improved.Farmers generally said: "Distributing grain is not the fundamental way out, we must distribute land." Some old people in Wuzi District still have fresh memories of the Agrarian Revolution Movement led by Huang Ziwen and others.According to the memories of Li Wenyi, a member of the Red Guards in Shanghe Village, Lingqian Township: In 1932, Shanghe Village allocated 220 mu of land to the poor and hired farmers.Yang Dechun, a member of the Kouwai Zhuang Farmers Association, recalled: 13 farmers in their village were allocated 83 mu of land, and the land allocated to Chang Qingxu was planted until liberation.

From November 6th to 8th, under the leadership of Huang Ziwen, chairman of the Weibei Revolutionary Committee, and in accordance with the spirit of the "Resolution on the 15th Anniversary of the October Revolution" of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 7th, a mass meeting was held. After the meeting, parades and demonstrations, cultural performances and other activities were held.In order to celebrate the anniversary of the October Revolution, thousands of demonstrations were held, which aroused the shock of the local gentry and the Sanyuan garrison. On the 9th, militia groups from Sanyuan, Fuping, Jingyang, Gaoling, Yaoxian, and Chunhua counties and the garrisons in Sanyuan, Fupingzhuangli, and Yaoxian Xiaoqiu began to "encircle and suppress" Wuzi District.At this time, the Weibei guerrillas led by Jin Tianhua and Ma Zhizhou were still out of town.Huang Ziwen and Xi Zhongxun led the guerrillas in the area behind Wuzi to carry out a sniper attack in order to cover the transfer of the special committee, the revolutionary committee and other organs and the masses. In the end, they had to withdraw due to the disparity between the number of people and the number of widows.After the enemy entered and occupied the Wuzi area, they conducted a large-scale search for three consecutive days.More than 30 people from Ganluchi Village, where Huang Ziwen lived, were arrested, their property was looted, and even the cornfields were pushed into the well and the bottom of the ditch.In just 20 days, Wuzi District was ransacked six times.The work of the Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Weibei Revolutionary Committee was frustrated, the Weibei guerrillas were dispersed, fifty or sixty members of the Communist Party, members of the Communist Youth League, and cadres died, and the houses of five households including Huang Ziwen were burned down.

On the 19th of the same month, in his written report to the Provincial Party Committee, Huang Ziwen summed up the lessons learned from the destruction of the Weibei Revolutionary Base by the enemy, and put forward his opinions on the Special Committee and the Revolutionary Committee without any concealment.He pointed out: when the special committee established the Soviet area, it did not have specific plans and deployments to deal with and break through the enemy's "encirclement and suppression"; after the implementation of the land revolution in Wuzi area, it did not actively lead other areas to expand the struggle for land division, such as ignoring Yaoxian The struggle for food distribution among the masses gave up Fuping's "Governing Peasant Movement". After the expansion of the guerrilla army, the guerrilla movement could not be carried out widely. Instead, the guerrilla army was reduced to the Wuzi area to protect the Wuzi area. "The special committee has not been to other counties for more than a month, and they are all concentrated in Wuzi District. Therefore, whether it is a problem of the party or the masses in Wuzi District, the special committee is all and personally involved. A gun or a bullet has to be handled, and the special committee also goes to speak at mass meetings, completely abandoning the centralized leadership of the special committee in politics, and completely canceling the role of the Sanyuan County Party Committee." "The special committee has completely become the director of miscellaneous affairs. All the big and small problems in Wuzi District have affected the special committee, and they have given up all political leadership. was opposed.

After reading the written reports of Huang Ziwen, Li Jiefu, and Cheng Jianwen on the destruction of the Weibei Revolutionary Base by the enemy, the Provincial Party Committee successively sent members of the Provincial Party Committee Jia Tuofu and Du Heng to Sanyuan, reorganized the Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China twice, and revoked Li Jiefu's special committee. Secretary of the committee. In late November, Ziwen and Zhang Wenhua traveled from Xi'an to Sanyuan.At this time, Li Shengyun was hiding in a broken kiln in half a village of Sanyuan County with her child. According to Zhang Wenhua's suggestion, Huang Ziwen settled her in Zhang Wenhua's home and returned to Wuzi District with Zhang Wenhua.Huang Ziwen’s younger brother’s brother-in-law, Han Wenxuan, came to see him and told him about the burning of the house. Ziwen persuaded him: “You: I’m a party member. If the house burns down, I don’t care about people leaving. If you lose all your belongings, you want to make a revolution.” If the revolution is not successful, no matter how good the family is, it will be impossible to keep it.” His broad vision, firm revolutionary belief, and moral character of not caring about personal gains and losses greatly inspired and spurred Han Wenxuan.

In early December, they disagreed with Du Heng on the issue of the revolutionary situation after the Fourth Red Army entered Shaanxi. Du Heng stopped all Huang Ziwen's work on the grounds of "right opportunism".