Chapter 4 Diary of the Long March (September 1, 1934-October 31, 1935)

September (1) Battle of Wenfang one day The Third Division, the enemy of Pengkou①, sent a brigade to Wenfang② to build a fort in an attempt to complete his preparations for attacking Tingzhou③.This opportunity was exactly what we were longing for. One charge forward, wiped out all of them (two regiments), captured more than 2,000 enemies, and surrendered more than 1,000 guns.It is a grand gift for International Youth Day! Note ①Pengkou: It belongs to Liancheng County, Fujian Province. ②Wenfang: Now named Wenfang. ③ Tingzhou: now named Changting. two days When the troops came back, they all returned with a full load.

three days The enemy was not reconciled, and another seven regiments came out, and our army went again, defeated them all, and wiped out more than one regiment.It's a pity that our army has shortcomings in the battle, otherwise at least three regiments can be wiped out, and that will be an even greater victory. four days Rest in situ at Zhongwu Village. Five days, six days, seven days, eight days Rest in place. nine days Moved near Otaya. Ten days rest. Eleventh In order to carry out the new task, the troops moved westward, passing through Hetian and arriving at Cetian camp. twelve days

Go camping in the ancient city. Thirteenth Go camping in Hebao Township of Yunjixu. Note ①I have left Fujian and returned to Jiangxi. fourteenth rest. fifteen days rest. sixteenth Go down to the ferry via Huangbai and Guancang. seventeen days to Daejeon. 18th to the bridgehead. nineteenth Go camping in Yuanling Township, Xinglong District. (2) Defending and rejuvenating the country twenty days In order to carry out the glorious task of defending the Xingguo Soviet Area, we set off at 2 o'clock in the morning to rest at the Dongjiang River near Gaoxingxu, and camped at Gaoxingzhilaoxu after dinner.

On the big mountain not far in front is the enemy, and the enemy's "tortoise shells" are lying all over the mountain. Note ① "turtle shell": Red Army soldiers jokingly called the bunkers built by the Kuomintang. twenty one rest. twenty-two rest. 23rd Still in the dream, the sound of "boom boom boom..." cannons suddenly sounded on the battlefield.The enemy is attacking me!After a while, there was the sound of machine guns, cannons, rifles, grenades, and the drone of aircraft.It stopped at noon. At 8 o'clock in the evening, I attacked the enemy in Xintian at night, posing a great threat to him, and the enemy suffered great damage.

twenty-fourth rest. twenty-fifth rest. twenty-sixth Move Mengshan to join the rear echelon, and build forts and fulcrums here. twenty-seventh rest.All build points. twenty eighth Build a fulcrum. twenty nine rest. Thirty days The morning enemy immediately bombarded our position with artillery, and then sent seven or eight planes to hover and throw bombs.The two sides fought fiercely, the sky was full of dust and smoke, and the sound of cannons was deafening. It was indeed a decisive battle.The fighting ended at twelve o'clock.The enemy has occupied some of our positions. October

one day At five in the morning, move to Xiushui Village.The enemy attacked our positions on the west bank of Gaoxingwei with a division of troops. When they occupied some positions, we carried out a counter-attack and recaptured one, and some were captured. two days Rest here.There is no battle ahead. three days rest.Move to Yuan current at night. four days rest. five days rest. six days The enemy attacked our position again. Departure at 6:00 p.m., via Shangshe to camp at Zengjia Mountain. seven days Depart at 5:00 p.m. to Xiyuan. eight days to Chaoqiu Bay. (3) Assembly preparation

nine days to Causeway Bay. ① Note ① It belongs to Duanwu Township, Du County Ten days rest. Eleventh rest. twelve days rest. Thirteenth rest. fourteenth rest. fifteen days rest. ① Note ① The rest these days is for preparations before the Long March, mainly to supplement clothes, straw sandals, and dry food.At that time, the political and ideological work was carried out in secret, and the slogan was "counter-offensive", but how and where the counter-offensive would go, no one knew. (4) Start the Long March sixteenth Start a new move after dinner. ① Go to Shanwangba to camp (thirty miles).

Note ① From today onwards, the First Red Army Corps has started the Long March. seventeen days Depart after dinner, cross the Duhe River, pass Tantou to Xiayou camping (seventy miles). 18th Departure after dinner, via Zengping to camp at Longwu (forty-five miles). nineteenth Departing at 4:00 p.m., we climbed a big mountain via Renfengyu, about 20 to 30 li.After passing through Tangcun, we went to camp at Xinxie, and it was already four o'clock in the evening.However, the distance is only forty-five miles, which is really dead! This area is a guerrilla area (last year it was a red area), and the organization of "Shoveling the Communist Party"① is quite common and quite rampant.When the front troops arrived in Xinxie, they encountered "shovel bandits" and immediately defeated them.But he was not reconciled, and in the middle of the night he fired guns on the high mountain and shouted loudly, trying to disturb them.

Note ① refers to the reactionary armed forces organized by landlords.twenty days Rest here.In the evening, the "Guangchang" ① troops broke through a Tuwei in Guying and captured dozens of "shoveling bandits". Note ① "Guangchang" is the code name of the army. twenty one Depart at 4:00 p.m. and camp at Xinshangxu.The troops have defeated the enemy of Xintian and captured a little. (5) Break through a blockade twenty-two At about 2 o'clock, we set off to Xintian, and after lunch we advanced to Shibei to camp. Today, the friendly army has occupied Gupo, Chongshi, and Banshi, and our army has also defeated the two enemy regiments at Shibei.

Break through a blockade. 23rd In the morning, I moved to Anxi Road, but was blocked in the middle, and the departure was postponed until dusk, passing through Pingshan to Zoumaqiu for camping. twenty-fourth Departure at 6 o'clock in the morning, pass through Hongmen and arrive at □□xia①, which is five miles away from Shicunwei, to camp. Note ① This place name was not recorded at the time, so it was replaced by □□, but I still can’t remember it now, so it is printed as it is. twenty-fifth Depart at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, cross the Xinfeng River to camp at Laojieziwei, and arrive at almost dawn (ninety miles).

twenty-sixth Departure to Wujing in the morning, and set off for camping in Daejeon after dinner. twenty-seventh In the morning, set off to Nancun for camping (sixty miles). twenty eighth In the morning, set out to cross the Dayu River and camp at Lengshuikeng in Ngee'an. 29th, 30th Rest in place. thirty one Depart in the morning and go through Hongshui Village to camp at Nieduwei. Hongshuizhai is a big mountain with a height of 10 to 30 miles, and the road is steep. Because it is a tin mine, there are many houses and a few markets on it. It is said that there are more than 8,000 workers in it, but it is not opened by a unified organization. , but some workers dig by themselves, and some small factory owners do it. (March about 600 miles in October). November one day Departing in the morning, we climbed several mountains and camped at Doumikeng, 20 miles away from Changjiang Wei.It was originally planned to go to Changjiang Wei, but because there were still enemies there, we could not go there. two days To Baqiutian. (6) Break through the second blockade three days to the mouth of the city.Break through the two blockades. four days rest.Eating duck will bloat your belly. five days To Xintian (Liushili). six days to Ma Hang. seven days Pass through the mountain to Xikeng (ninety miles). eight days Rest in the West Pit. nine days Last night, I was reprimanded for not informing the various ministries of the departure time because I was sleeping soundly.Depart in the morning, climb Dawang Mountain via Zhuangyuan, and camp at Xiawang Mountain. Ten days Depart to Daying Cave. Eleventh to Shangzhuang. twelve days Go to Pingtian in Tangcun. (7) Break through the three blockades Thirteenth Depart through the flower tree and go down to Baishidu (fifty li).Break through three blockades.This place is the avenue for Guangdong-Han transportation. The Guangdong-Han Railway is under construction, so there are many workers. Because the boss and foreman have left, the life of unemployment and hunger is beginning. The continuous high mountains have begun to bid farewell to them today, and the falling rain has begun to cut off. The red warrior who has been in the deep mountains for a long time is extremely excited at this time, and suddenly walks into a place suddenly opened up, and his vision has expanded ten thousand times. . fourteenth Rest here, this is the first day of the month, the muddy clothes have to be bathed, and the tired legs have to rest. Due to unemployment and the impact of the revolution, workers here have a large number of Red Army. fifteen days Less than ten miles away in the morning, several enemy planes were circling around, which was another obstacle to marching on a sunny day.After Yizhang to Umeda (sixty miles). sixteenth To Linwu (ninety miles). seventeen days rest. 18th Depart for Longtou in the afternoon. nineteenth To Jinyintang. twenty days rest. twenty one Depart from Dashuiping to Bajie Camp. twenty-two to Daozhou. 23rd rest. twenty-fourth Departure to Jiangjialing (sixty miles). twenty-fifth to the fish pond. twenty-sixth Arriving in Wenshi, we have already entered Guangxi. twenty-seventh rest. twenty eighth To Shitang (seventy miles). (8) Break through the four blockades twenty nine Set out to cross the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River to Shaoshui (sixty miles) near Chilan. The enemy attempted to blockade our army between the Xiao and Xiang rivers and fight us decisively. Due to the victory in occupying Daozhou Yong'an Pass, the enemy's plot failed. Our army has safely crossed the Xiang River and broke through the enemy's four blockades. line. Thirty days rest. The enemy has chased me.I went into Jiaoshanpu. (March about 650 miles in November). December (9) Xiangxi trip one day Depart from Jiaoshan at 2 o'clock, climb from Baitang to Dawan, climb to the top after dinner, and go down to Youchaping for camping.Today, because the enemy has attacked us fiercely, our army retreated, so we marched here.This mountain is dozens of miles long, and it is the first mountain I have climbed in half a month. Today, I have finished my career on flat roads. two days rest. three days The enemy blocked us at Dafutou, so we turned to the small land and camped at Maguitang, five miles away from the small land. four days After lunch, we planned to go to the flood, but the Jing bandits ① rushed to stop us, so it was delayed, so we camped in Ganniutang. Note ① Jing bandit is the "Jingwei regiment", which is a reactionary armed force of landlords. five days After flooding, they camped on the sandbar. six days Depart for the tea plantation in the afternoon. seven days rest. eight days Departure to Baizhuping (sixty-five miles). nine days I originally planned to go to the Han River, but because the road was destroyed by bandits, I only went to Pingping (seventy miles). Ten days To Liuyuan (seven miles). Eleventh To Xindu (Bashili). twelve days Go to Jindian (Qishili). (10) into Guizhou Thirteenth □□① Note ① forget the place name. fourteenth Go to the Pingcha Office (sixty miles).has entered Guizhou. fifteen days To Gudun (seventy miles). sixteenth Go to Bapro (seventy-five miles). seventeen days rest. 18th To the mouth of the river (sixty-five miles). nineteenth To Liuzhai (sixty-five miles). twenty days Go to Nanshao (eighty miles). twenty one Depart from Lai Si Bridge to Jianhe, which is a county seat (fifty miles) in the eastern mountainous area of ​​Guizhou. twenty-two Depart from Zhongdou to Gedong camp (sixty miles). 23rd Set off to camp in Shijiazhai, where there are all Miao people. twenty-fourth rest. twenty-fifth Departure to Wenggulong for camping.There were many bandits on the way, and they were very rampant. They once killed several people who were behind me. Our army has occupied Zhenyuan City. twenty-sixth To Shibing County (sixty-five miles). 27th, 28th rest.Our army has occupied Yuqing and Huangping. twenty nine Departure to Bauhinia Pass. Thirty days To Yuqing City. thirty one rest During the Chinese New Year, I ate six bowls of dishes and held a fun party, which was quite lively. March about 950 miles in December. From the start of the counterattack to the present, the total distance traveled is about 2,200 li. January cloudy day In the morning, we set out from Yuqing to camp in Longxi (forty miles).The atmosphere in Guizhou is really strange. I have never seen the sun for a long time since I came here. It is always covered with dark clouds, and it is as gloomy as a dead person. Sometimes there is a cool breeze, and sometimes there is light rain. Always muddy, really dark and slippery!I accidentally tripped over a big one on the way. two days still cloudy Rest in the morning, set off in the afternoon, camp at Liangfengwhistle, and then proceed to camp at Jiao's house near Huilongchang (25 li), it was already too late. (11) Break through the Wujiang River three days The enemy is blocking our north crossing in the north of Wujiang River, and I am trying to build a bridge.The enemy retreated. Today, because the pontoon bridge has not been erected, it has not moved in place. four days In the morning, we set off across the river to Yuqingsi ① (Sishili).The sky is still the same hateful! On the Wujiang River that we crossed today, the enemy's Third Regiment was originally defending against danger, trying to prevent our army from advancing westward, but it was completely defeated and came over safely. Note ① Yu Qingsi: now Aoxi. five days In the morning, we set out to camp at Luohuachang① (fifty-five miles away), and our vanguard troops have occupied Meitan County (30 miles away). Note ① Luohuachang: now Luohuatun. six days Departure to Meitan, after lunch proceed to camp at Wangjiaba (50 miles) (12) Occupy Zunyi seven days Departure to the shrimp field camping (sixty miles). The weather has become more gloomy in the past few days. Although it has not rained, the road is too slippery to walk on. Our army has occupied Zunyi, the central city of Guizhou, and the enemy in Guizhou fled in a hurry. eight days Departure to Liyuba (fifty miles). The unfinished road along the way was so muddy that it was difficult to walk, which made many comrades fall into confusion. nine days rest. Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth rest. Thirteenth Via Zunyi, camp at Sidu Station (seventy-five miles). fourteenth Go through Loushan Pass to Tongzi (sixty miles). fifteen days rest.The front team has captured the new station. (13) Attacking the Fairy Cave sixteenth rest.Our bureau attacked a fairy cave. This cave is a dangerous rock cave, and there is no way to attack it. But later, he was forced to open it automatically. The Red Army is really invincible. 17th, 18th, 19th Still resting. twenty days Set off to camp at Xinzhan (Liushili). twenty one Depart from Yelang Dam to Licun Dam (forty miles). twenty-two Set off to climb many big mountains to Wenshui (eighty miles). 23rd Depart in the morning to Shuba (Bashili). Last night, I was reprimanded for sleeping soundly and making mistakes. I really deserve it!I don't know why the desire for sleep is so deep? ! twenty-fourth To Tucheng, this place is very big (ninety miles). twenty-fifth To the monkey ① (thirty miles). Note ① is now named Yuanhou. (14) Crossing Chishui twenty-sixth The troops marched towards Chishui, and we crossed the Chishui River from Yuanhou, crossed Chuanfeng'ao, a mountain thirty miles up and thirty miles down, to Bingtan (sixty miles).Cross the Chishui River. (15) Erdu Chishui twenty-seventh Due to the change of the enemy's situation, he climbed Feng'ao, Sichuan, and returned to the monkey camp (sixty miles).Cross the Chishui River twice. twenty eighth rest.The troops fought against the enemy both before and after, and wiped out more than one regiment of the enemy. (16) Sand crossing Chishui twenty nine Transfer the theater of war, cross the Chishui River, climb the mountains to Red Deer Dam (ninety miles).Crossing the Chishui River three times. Thirty days To Longzhaoba (Liushili).This place has belonged to Sichuan. thirty one To Xiangnan Dam (forty miles).Due to the steep slope of the road, we did not arrive until late at night. Summary: In this month, there are 11 days of rest and 20 days of marching, with a total journey of 1,145 miles. February one day To Dazhai (Thirty Li). two days In the morning, we set off for Yongning. Because the enemy was holding on, we camped at Miaoerba, ten miles away from the city (sixty miles). three days Due to the tense situation of the enemy behind, I hurriedly set out to Jin'e Pond for camping in the morning. It was only sixty miles away, but due to detours, it may be more than seventy miles. four days Morning departure to the dam (forty miles).There are many militia groups in this area. When our army arrived, they scattered in the mountains and fired guns to make trouble, and some of them stood firmly in the fortress in the street. five days In the afternoon, we set off to Wu Village (Shishili), just climbing a mountain. six days Just after getting up, gunshots slammed, and the enemy was found at the security station.The troops set off in a hurry and rushed to Jianwu camp (eighty miles).This place was originally a county seat, and the city wall still exists, but it is on the top of a mountain, so it is very depressed and the terrain is small. seven days Departure to Luohai (fifty miles). eight days Departure to Sanjiaotang (Liushili).This place is already Yunnan. nine days To Guaxiong (fifty miles). Ten days rest.The rain, the heavy snow, and the whiteness of the ground are so reflected that you can't even open your eyes. Eleventh To Tashi (sixty miles).This place is Weixin County, very cold. twelve days Camp near the watershed (fifty miles). Thirteenth To Fengyan (fifty miles). fourteenth To Yingpan Mountain (sixty miles). fifteen days Go to Sanwanzi (35 Li) in Maxianbao. sixteenth Go to Mujiao Tun camp, fifteen miles away from Huilongchang (fifty miles). seventeen days Go to Zhenlong Mountain (seventy miles). 18th Go to Zouma Dam (fifty-five miles). (17) Sidu Chishui nineteenth Cross the Chishui River via Taiping and camp near Fuxingchang (fifty li).Part of our army has occupied Tucheng. Cross the Chishui River four times. twenty days Rest here. twenty one Start to advance towards Tongzi, starting from the current site, passing through Fengcunba to Donghuangdian (50 miles). twenty-two Go to Liangcun (Sixty Li) via Book Dam, this is the old road. 23rd To Silla Dam (sixty miles). twenty-fourth To Liziba (liusili). twenty-fifth I originally planned to camp in Tongzi, but due to the advance of the team, we only went to camp in Honghuayuan via Tongzi (forty-five miles).The Guizhou enemy retreated from Tongzi and guarded Loushan Pass, which was occupied by friendly troops last night. After our army left Tongzi last time, due to the severe warlords' destruction (if you get something belonging to a local tyrant, you will be imprisoned), so it will be far less lively than the previous time. twenty-sixth Departure at 1:00 am, pass through Banqiao and Sidu Stations and arrive at camp in Zunyi.The total distance is one hundred and five miles. twenty-seventh The two divisions of Wu's enemy ① reinforced Zunyi, and they were about to defeat them that day and wiped out most of them. Move to camp five miles south of the city at night. Note ① refers to Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendant Wu Qiwei's troops. twenty eighth The troops have been chased to the Wujiang River and have captured many enemies.Back to the old city camping (five miles). Summary: In this month, there are two days of rest, and twenty-six days of marching, with a journey of 1,380 miles. March one day Rest in the old city and deal with the captives. This victory defeated the enemy's four divisions, and it was also Wu Qiwei① and Wang Jialie② that Chiang Kai-shek pursued and suppressed me. It was the biggest victory since the five campaigns. Foundation. Note ① Commander of the 1st Column of the Kuomintang "Pursuing and Suppressing" Army. ② That is Wang Jialie, a warlord in Guizhou, and the commander of the 4th Column of the Kuomintang "Pursuing and Suppressing" Army. two days Go to Lemin City and return to the team (forty-five miles). (18) Back to Zunyi three days We plan to wipe out the Sichuan enemies who attacked us, and return to Zunyi. The friendly army warmly welcomes us (forty-five miles). four days rest. five days It is planned to destroy Zhou Hunyuan's ① column, and set off to camp in Luomen City (forty-five miles). Encountered three enemy planes on the way, and due to improper handling, they were bombed, and more than 60 people including the security team were killed or injured. The tragedy is really unbearable!The methods of the Kuomintang are really cruel! Note ① Commander of the 2nd Column of the Kuomintang "Pursuing and Suppressing" Army. six days Departure to Yanwangba of Caixi ① and return to the team (20 miles). Note ① now known as Duck Creek. seven days rest. eight days rest.This section has been downsized. nine days Prepare to fight, divide into front and rear echelons. We had dinner at 2 o'clock in the morning, but due to the overcrowding of the troops, we set off at 8 o'clock to camp in Zhifang (about 20 li). The ones drawn to the front of Pingjiazhai have been returned. Ten days rest. Eleventh rest twelve days To Tianba (fifteen miles).The beginning of the night march. Thirteenth Go camping at Jingba (about 15 li). fourteenth First, we planned to eliminate the enemy at Sanyuan Cave, but after getting information that Wu Qiwei had arrived at Yaxi, Zhou Hunyuan retreated to Luban Field, so we decided to turn around and attack the enemy, and moved to Changgan Mountain to camp (fifteen miles). fifteen days We decided to eliminate the enemies of Lubanchang.Troops have attacked this enemy. The rear troops camped at Tanchang (thirty miles). sixteenth Yesterday's battle was unresolved, so we moved to the combat zone to strive for new maneuvers.At one o'clock in the morning, we set off to camp in Moutai, and the front troops also arrived.This place is the birthplace of the famous Moutai liquor. I saw a confiscated winery with a rather large facade (forty miles). (19) Wudu Chishui seventeen days Cross Chishui River to Caoziba camping (twenty miles).The troops set off at 2 o'clock in the morning, but I did not leave until dawn because of an accident. Wudu Chishui River. 18th Go through Sanyuanchang and Killing Field (the place name of the laughing dead) to Sanmuba (seven miles).This place is the boundary of Sichuan again.Enemy planes were seen twice on the way, but the target was not found, and many bombs were dropped on the way of friendly troops. nineteenth To Yucha (fifty miles). twenty days rest.Prepare to move at night and camp because of the rain. (20) Liudu Chishui twenty one Cross the Chishui River via Taiping and camp at Yuanzi near Huilongchang (seventy li).Today's road is the old road again, and this river has crossed back and forth six times! ① Note ① The Security Bureau of the First Red Army Corps crossed the Chishui River six times because it took an extra round trip to perform the mission. twenty-two Pass Linjiamiao and Huilong Temple, and camp for another 20 miles (60 miles). 23rd To Huoshigang (fifty miles). twenty-fourth Go to Sanyuanchang (fifty miles). twenty-fifth To Yuanjiagou (seventy miles). Today's road is the most difficult to walk in my life. The mountain I climbed has no roads, and I swayed here and there. twenty-sixth Go to the paper house (forty miles). twenty-seventh To the bottom dam (thirty miles). (21) Recrossing the Wujiang River twenty eighth rest. After our army recrossed the Chishui River, the enemy tried to build a new blockade in Zun, Tong, Chi, Ren and other areas to encircle us. However, today our army has completely broken through and gained new areas of activity. The enemy's blockade plan has not been hit Self-defeating! In order to find a new mobile area, set off across the tributary of the Wujiang River to the sandy soil (Sishili). twenty nine Starting from the sandy soil, cross the back mountain and re-cross the Wujiang River at the mouth of the river to Niuchang (sixty miles). Thirty days To the vicinity of Wangjiaping (fifteen miles). thirty one To Xiaolong's nest (twenty miles). Summary: It is a month of nine days of rest and twenty-two days of marching, with a total journey of 965 miles. April one day To Shawan (fifty miles). two days At the bottom of Woba (eighty miles).I have passed the road between Xifeng and Zijiang. three days Go to Yangchang (Liushili).This place is a large open land, probably one of the first-class goods in Guizhou. four days rest. five days Go to Gaozhai (Thirty Li). six days The enemy Li Baobing ① chased us from Suoma Road in Zunyi. Our army planned to destroy it near the sheep farm, but the cunning enemy did not come, and the attempt failed.Only one regiment came when it was defeated.The rear echelon rests. Note ① is Li Yunheng, the commander of the 5th Route of the KMT's "Pursuing and Suppressing" Army and the commander of the 53rd Division. seven days Cross the Dishui River to Laoba Township (about seventy miles). (22) Guomiao and Yi districts 8th to 16th From the 8th to the 16th, they occupied the four cities of Dingfan, Changzhai, Guangshun, and Ziyun, and passed through many high mountains where the Miao and Yi people lived. Food was scarce, and even water was hard to find. The journey lasted for three days. , more than 80 miles per day, camping for two days (about 600 miles in total). seventeen days To Dayou (fifty miles).Crossing the Beipan River today, this place is still a Miao area. 18th We didn't arrive at the campsite until ten o'clock at night - Baixiang (one hundred miles). This place is no longer a seedling area. There are large plains, fertile fields, and tile-roofed houses. The population is denser, and there are a few big houses that look foreign. nineteenth Pass through Tunjiao to the vicinity of Xingren (sixty miles). twenty days To Guanyin Mountain (sixty miles). twenty one To the vicinity of the pig farm (forty miles). twenty-two To the vicinity of the chicken farm (about sixty miles).This place is already in the Yunnan border. 23rd To Kuantang (sixty miles). twenty-fourth To Meiziqing (seven miles). This is a great plain, but there is no land, so food is very difficult.I couldn't buy rice, so I had to eat corn. Residents here mostly raise cattle and horses, and the lower floors of their houses are all cow pens, and the upper floors are occupied by people, which is extremely dirty! twenty-fifth Go to Zhuzi Street (fifty miles) fifteen miles away from Qujing. This place is surrounded by field dams, three to forty miles wide and more than a hundred miles long. It is the first grand sight since the counter-offensive. twenty-sixth Go to Zhangxitun (sixty miles) fifteen miles from Malong. twenty-seventh Pass through Malong City to Straw Shoes Banqiao (sixty-five miles). Along the way, I saw women with swollen necks①. It is said that it was caused by drinking water, and another said that it was caused by eating salt. I don’t know how to cause it? Note ① Thyroid hypertrophy is caused by iodine deficiency. twenty eighth Go through Yilong to Songming Prefecture (one hundred and five li). twenty nine Depart from Xiang Luquan and go to Xiaoxin Street (Qishili). Thirty days Cross the Pudu River and camp at Xiaoqima, which is 15 miles away from Luquan (130 miles).Because the road is far away and the slope is steep, we didn't arrive until 23:00. Summary: There are two days of rest in this month, and twenty-eight days of marching, with a journey of about 1,870 miles. May (23) Crossing the Jinsha River 1 to 5 days In order to strive for Sichuan, an area more conducive to the development of the revolution, to join forces with the Fourth Front Army, the central government has decided to cross the source of the Yangtze River, the Jinsha River. On the 5th, they rushed to the vicinity of the place, with a daily journey of more than seventy miles. six days It was originally planned to build a pontoon bridge at Long Street to cross the river, but due to the absence of boats and the indecision of the commander of the bridge building, this goal could not be achieved.From today, it will be moved to Jiaoping Ferry, the crossing of friendly troops downstream.Camp at Baimakou (one hundred and ten miles) tonight. seven days I planned to arrive at Jiaoping today, but it was extremely difficult to walk due to the dangerous road and high mountains, so I didn't reach Zhilidu (seventy miles) until midnight. The road I walked today was almost impossible. I walked sideways and climbed over the stone walls along the river bank. I went up and down, and I was really tired. eight days Continue on the road and arrive at Dudian (Jiushili) in the evening.There are still steep stone roads along the way, which is extremely difficult to walk.Crossed the river at ten o'clock in the evening and camped.Today, the long-awaited Jinsha River has passed, which will give us greater guarantees for creating a new Soviet area. nine days To Tong'an (thirty miles).It is the Sichuan border. Ten days To Zhang Guankun (fifty miles). Eleventh To the bridge north of Huili (sixty miles). 12th, 13th rest. fourteenth Rest during the day.Depart at 6:00 p.m. and arrive at camp near Banbian Street (Liushili). Lu Ping, the moon is big, it is fun to walk at night, there is no heat to bother people, and no invincible machine to disturb, but it is a pity that dozing off is still an annoying thing. fifteen days To Liangqiao (sixty-five miles). sixteenth Go to the blacksmith's house and camp after crossing the river (ten li). (24) Cross the Dechang Chain Bridge seventeen days To Dechang (sixty miles).This place is divided into counties. There is an iron chain bridge over the Anning River a few miles away from the city, which is all connected by iron chains, and the wooden boards on it pass people. On an appropriate day, there was a strong wind (because it has never happened before, walking against the wind, I could barely open my eyes and breathe), and the people and horses on the bridge were crowded, shaking from side to side, rattling, and people almost fell down on it.Although this kind of bridge has been seen in Yunnan and Jinchuan bridges, the project is far less than this.The bridge is about 100 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, and it may take hundreds of thousands of yuan to rebuild it. 18th To Wangshuitang (forty miles). nineteenth To the hill (forty-five miles). twenty days To Lizhou (fifty miles). This place is divided into counties.The market is quite busy. twenty one To Hugu (seventy miles). twenty-two To Mianning (seventy miles). (25) Speed ​​across the Dadu River 23rd In order to complete the task of creating a new Soviet area in northwestern Sichuan, it was decided to march northward and cross the Dadu River at a fast speed (we only arrived here this morning and rested later), and the front troops have already rushed to the point of crossing the river. twenty-fourth Proceed to the point of crossing the river and travel 110 miles to camp near Tuowu. Today, the place where I passed and camped is the area of ​​the Yi people. These people are very brutal, blindly looting.The guns of the troops in front of me were seized yesterday, and the prisoners were stripped naked (as were the Han people who were transported for me).My propagandists swarm to ask you for money.Although these people have not evolved, they are very united. "Close up as soon as you call", and carry weapons with you. Men wear short jackets like feudal women's, with red teeth on the rolled edges, felt blankets on the outside, no hats or shoes, strong and burly.The houses are short and small, covered with wooden boards and bamboo canopies, with very simple utensils, no tables or stools, they all sit on the ground and eat, there is not even a bed, and the food is only buckwheat, potatoes, and corn. This place is like a plateau, the weather is strangely cold, and there seems to be snow on the high mountains. twenty-fifth Still moving forward, passing through the Yi people's area, and arriving at the camp - Baizi Road (120 miles) is the Han people. twenty-sixth Go to Anshun Field (Fifty Li). The Dadu River that I longed to cross has arrived, but because there is only one boat, I can't cross it, and I am building a pontoon bridge. This river is also dangerous and difficult, as wide as the Jinsha River, but the flow is more urgent than any other rivers before, so it is extremely difficult for ferries to come and go, but the difficulties must be overcome in front of the Red Army. In the end, I was forced to pass by. twenty-seventh Because there are few boats and fast water here, it is impossible to build a bridge, so I decided to move back to Shanghai and cross the chain bridge.The operation has started today, camping in Tianwan (eighty miles). The front troops wiped out the enemy's first battalion. twenty eighth Set off, climb two big mountains, and camp fifteen miles west of Momo.Heavy rain, very cold after night (about eighty-five miles). twenty nine Before going to Shanghai, we camped at Shangtianba (about 110 miles). Thirty days Enter Huding and cross the iron bridge (25 miles).Two days ago, the bridge was said by the masses to be forty-eight feet long, and the width of five or six feet was false. In fact, it was only twenty feet long, which is not as large as the project of Dechang Bridge. thirty one Departure to camp in Lengji (forty-five miles). The front troops attacked the enemy at Hualinping. Summary: There are two days of rest in one month, and twenty-nine days of marching. The journey is about 1,870 miles. June one day Yesterday the troops defeated the enemy's second regiment in Hualinping, and we were pursuing them. We also advanced towards Nitou. Because there were too many troops in front, and the mountains were high and the roads were slippery (heavy rain in the afternoon), we did not advance for a long time, and it was already dark when we turned over the mountains. It was dark, so we camped at Erdaoqiao.The journey is about fifty miles. two days Proceed through Nitou Fen County to Huzhuang Street and camp there (eighty-five li). (26) Climbing Ganzhu Mountain three days Qingxi County, fifteen miles east of Huzhuang, was guarded by several enemy regiments. In order to quickly occupy the predetermined area—Tianquan, they took a detour to Ganzhu Mountain.The mountain is forty miles high, and the road at the southern foot of the mountain is quite large, and there are people along the way, and the forest is not dense. When you go down the mountain, you can see the forest all over the mountain. It is said that the road is broken through the space of the tree, so it is extremely small and difficult to walk. It is to step over the roots of the tree, go up and down, turn and turn, sometimes go down the cliff, and sometimes climb the vines Jumping over thorns, sometimes crossing the torrent... In short, all the cliffs, thorns and cages are passed by. It is indeed the most difficult road in life. No wonder the people say that they can't shoot accurately when they get there. It's cold, which can also mean that the place is terrible! Because this kind of monster is difficult to walk, it is always impossible to walk. People are really impatient to wait, and it is dark before they go down and halfway up the mountain, so they can't move forward.So I had to eat and sleep on the way.It rained heavily in the middle of the night, and the comrades were drenched, and it was quite difficult to squat until dawn (eighty miles). It is also called Daxiang Mountain. four days We set off in the morning and followed the narrow road, because it rained at night and made walking more difficult. If you don’t pay attention, you will be asked to roll, and you haven’t eaten two meals, which is more inconvenient. Walking through the stone pass It's even more annoying to walk, especially comrades who work hard!However, due to the determination of the class fighters and their ability to endure hardships, they finally crossed Daxiang Mountain, known as the "difficult gateway to Sichuan", and went down to Xinmiaozi to rest at about 11 o'clock (about forty miles). At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, we set off again and marched another 20 miles to Shiping for camp.Somehow, the pistol "broke out" from the holster and ran away, losing a sharp weapon of the revolution, indeed a crime! five days Depart from Xiaohezi to Chenjiaba (about sixty miles). six days To Liujiagou (forty miles).The front is fighting with the enemy and forcibly crossing the Qingyi River. (27) Zhantianquan County seven days The front bridge is complete.Cross the river to Shiyang (ten li). This place is quite large, such a city is still rare.We crossed the Dadu River, and today we crossed the Qingyi River, and pushed into the hinterland of Sichuan. A part of our army has occupied Tianquan County. A cadre meeting was held late to report the significance of the victory of crossing the Dadu River. a. Change from guerrilla warfare without a rear to mobile warfare with a considerable rear; b. Make the Field Army and the Fourth Front Army cooperate closely so as to join forces; c. It has decisive significance for the development of the Soviet movement in China; d. To prove that the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Military Commission is correct, and that the red soldiers are invincible. eight days Proceed to Lushan County and camp there (120 li). nine days Move the house to Linjiaba, ten miles northeast of the city, to rest. It seems that this rest time has not been obtained for a long time. Ten days Depart from Shuanghechang and Lingguan to Zhongba camping (sixty miles). The enemy plane came just after we set off, so we dropped two bombs in my formation, but fortunately no one was hurt, otherwise it would be the most annoying thing. Fifteen li from Zhongba to Shuanghechang is a narrow road, with unclimbable mountains on both sides and a swift river in the middle. There is a wooden ladder on a cliff, and it is difficult for people to walk down the wooden ladder. (28) Climbing Jiajin Mountain Eleventh To Baoxing County (fifty miles).This county is very cold, not as good as Shanghai Dingqiao. The Fourth Front Army has moved closer to our army, and it is heard that Maogong has arrived.We also intend to move closer to it in order to gather the revolutionary forces, and this action is to perform this task.I heard that to get to Maogong from here, you have to pass through the very high Jiajin Mountain, and the way is sparsely populated, so it is very difficult to provide food.Everyone is preparing dry food tonight, to make up for the lack of food, and I also brought a few bagubaba, because there is nothing I can do. twelve days Set off to Shibao and camp a few miles (about eighty miles).The heavy rain at night made everyone drenched and unable to sleep soundly.Fortunately, I found a rock that could barely shelter from the rain. There are very few people in this area, and it is almost impossible to buy rice. Today's road is also very narrow and narrow, all along the deep valley beside the river. On the way, there was a hole more than two zhang in the stone wall, which cannot but be said to be dangerous and strange! Thirteenth After waking up, Director Luo ① personally sent a piece of good news: "The vanguard has met the Fourth Front Army, and I heard that they came here specifically to find our ranger."After hearing it, I was so excited that I completely forgot about the suffering of sleeping in the open last night, and some comrades danced after hearing it. The road is still a narrow path, which is impossible to walk. What is particularly strange is that there is a road facing the river that is full of holes on the cliffs of the river bank, nailed with crossbars, and placed on branches to pass by. die! Go camping in Qiaoqi (eighty li).This place is a mixed residence of Han and Yi. Note ① Luo Ruiqing, Chief of the Army Security Bureau. fourteenth A few days ago, I heard that there is often snow-covered Jiajin Mountain ① in front of me. I want to see it for a few days, so that I can quickly overcome this difficulty.Forty miles after departure, the hike started, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain for thirty miles, but the road was only a few miles steep. However, because of the extremely high terrain and the thin air, and the lack of nutrition in the past few days, it was not enough to reach the top. At that time, all of them felt weak in hands and feet, breathless and dizzy, and they had to take a short rest after walking dozens of steps before proceeding.The wind was so strong and cold on the mountain that I was almost shivering, so the trees did not grow, and only a few short grasses grew up, which seemed to be sluggish.At the top, I saw that the north side was white. It was the snow that had accumulated in the winter. I penetrated it with a wooden stick until it was completely submerged before reaching the ground. It was about three feet deep. ?There were troops passing by before this road, and because of the severe cold, more than ten people died of illness and freezing behind. This is indeed an unprecedented situation in life, and the comrades are all surprised. Fifty miles down the mountain to Dawei (a total of 120 miles).As soon as you get out of the pit, you can see the Chongli houses facing the river, just like the spirit of a big city. The houses are all bungalow-style, with complete windows and flat roofs. At the north end, there is a blockhouse with more than ten floors, tens of feet high, and factories in the industrial area. The chimney is similar. After entering the house, I realized that this place is the residence of Tibetans. They all believe in Lamaism. The one as tall as the chimney is the watchtower of the Lama Temple. The vanguard of the fourth front army and our army's first meeting is still here. What we see today has completely resolved the desire for several months.From then on, the Chinese Soviet movement will be more confident of victory! Note ①Jiajin Mountain is a snow-capped mountain in the Qionglai Mountains in western Sichuan. fifteen days Because I was very tired from yesterday's trip, I didn't know how to get up until dawn.After getting up, set off to Guanzhai (Fifty Li). 此地也是喇嘛住地，中有一喇嘛寺，规模之大为旧式建筑之所未见，有楼三层，楼上佛堂布置得庄严堂皇，且很清洁，中座系土司之办公室，也很阔气。 （29）懋功会师 十六日 到懋功城（五十里）。晚与四方面军之一部开联欢会，每个人都兴高采烈的。 四方面军的同志对待我军非常之和蔼和敬慕，且军风纪、纪律等均表现比我军好，的确可学习！ 十七日 因此地粮食很缺，所存不多，须留给后续部队，故不得不再走一天，到八角（七十里，很近）。 十八日 开始休息。 nineteenth 仍休息。 二十日 以为今天会行动，不料夜半时，床头电铃剧响，得到不出发的消息，大家都很高兴。 一连休息三天，是在会理出发后，一个多月中没有过的，长途行军突然这样休息倒觉得很舒服，时间一下就挨过了。这个休息的机会得来，不能不算是与四方面军会合的胜利。 二十一日 仍休息。 二十二日 rest. 二十三日 本来以为休息，早饭后忽得命令行动，十时开始出发，到抚边宿营（五十里）。 这次一连休息五天，是遵义、桐梓后的第一遭，也就证明时局的转变，已不是大规模的游击战，而是有相当后方的大规模运动战了。 久未这样休息，一连休息几天倒有些不惯，大家宁愿一走为快，特别是前进路上的雪山，更愿早点过去，以脱这难关。 （30）两河口 二十四日 出发到两河口宿营，虽行程九十里，但路很近，行不逾九时就到达了。 我们是住街对河之山上喇嘛寺内，喇嘛因恐我们污其神，故佛堂内坚不开门，平时晨钟夜鼓的佛堂，今日也变为萧条冷清的堡垒，而喇嘛也安闲无事了。 二十五日 因准备欢迎张国焘主席来开会，在这里休息。 二十六日 今晨九时我军因欢宴张主席，我也参加，倒还排场。 部队十二时出发，张永卡子宿营（三十里）。 （31）爬梦笔山 二十七日 很久听得的梦笔山今日要爬了，出发时大家都着急，以为很高有雪，不觉得回忆起夹金山那样的难爬，到上时，哪知道只几里且坦平的上，山顶也并没有雪（只邻峰才有），只是有点冷风袭人而已，山爬完，下山约四十里即宿营（一百一十五里。距卓克基十五里）。此地建筑又是另一派了，楼多系木板架成，约三四层，下小上大也带有点洋气。 粮食已缺，在此尽量补充，局长号召每人背一袋麦子下山到磨房内磨粉，极踊跃。我本来腿已走痛，然此系群众运动，不得不一样搬运，又上下一回，使肿腿难为情。 二十八日 进至卓克基（十五里）。 此地群众均系藏族，先头部队来时曾与我接触，故现已走干净。 二十九日 拟到梭磨，奈因中途被水冲坍不能过，故迟几时才另觅小路过去，不久即天黑，摸了二十多里夜路还未到，不得不在其附近（距五里）宿营（约六十里）。 三十日 下午出发到马塘（七十里）。此地系在雪山包围中，冷甚！ 总结：是月休息六天，行军二十四天，行程一千三百四十五里。 反攻的战斗，除去年历两月半外，在今年又是整整的半年了！ 在这半年中，曾经历尽许许多多的辛苦与欢乐，艰难和舒畅。遵义、桐梓占领了；王家烈、薛岳①被击坍了；敌人新的围攻突破了；天险的金沙江、大渡河渡过了；胜利的与四方面军会合了；陡峭的、险阻的金沙江边走过了；深密老林的大相山露营了；缺粮道僻的彝地通过了；六月积雪的夹金山爬过了；玉蜀黍、萝卜菜也咽过了！ 总之，这半年是很艰苦与快乐的交错时期，从艰苦中取得了胜利，得到快乐舒畅，为着胜利而吃苦尝辛。 如果没有六个月八千五百余里的长征，及从来未有的没有吃喝的艰难，也就不会有着这得到的胜利，这就自然的得出了铁证。 革命是长期的斗争，流血的过程。 胜利是艰苦的结果，困难的总绩。 更大的胜利要我们去争取，更多的困难自然会在面前涌现，这就需要了解上述的铁证，用这半年吃苦的精神，来将它战胜，争取完全胜利的伟大光明！ 总计这六月共行军一百四十九天，休息三十二天，共行程八千五百七十五里，历经黔、滇、川、康四省。 注①国民党“追剿”军第2路军前线总指挥。 July （32）过藏区 one day 出发到康庙寺（三十里）。 这个地方大略与其他无异，惟没有见一块田地园圃，且无厨房，不知藏民们吃的什么？难道真的茹毛饮血不成？ two days 晨出发，见沿河上游山岭很低以至看不见，我们乃不走这条路而向右上高山，大家都以为奇怪，不知那开阔处是一块广漠无际的大草地，居民随处搭棚过游牧生活。上山约三十里，见大片雪山拥于眼前，至见先头部队从雪中踏过时，大家都奇怪地说：“为什么以前爬小雪山都很早知道，今天爬大雪山都不晓得？”原来是因为这一带藏民都逃避一空，无从调查路线。此山约五十里高，下三十里，在高度上说超过夹金山，在积雪量上说也要过之，但是上时并不会如夹金山的吃劲，这道理我也莫名其妙！ 下山经金头寨再进二十里到马河坝宿营（一百里）。该地居民很凶顽，我军来时曾与他冲突。 三日 本拟到岔戛，因前面桥梁为藏民破坏，中途遇先头师折回绕路，我们也折回上山，在仓德宿营（约三十里）。 此地藏民曾杀虏我先头团之后尾。 四日 因为附近群众完全跑光，无法知路线，故在此休息找向导。 five days 仍休息。 这一带粮食比较困难，但找了很多牛、羊、猪回来，天天吃荤，说起来滋养料倒比粮食要好。 six days 出发，爬大山到打鼓，名为四十里，实则六十里还有余，山高约二十里，不亚于夹金山。 seven days 此地距松潘不远，部队即出动，准备明日去歼灭松潘门户毛儿盖之敌，并准备今晚露营，每人都携有干粮。 我们是后梯队，在此休息。 八日 我们也前进，出发时闻说到毛儿盖只有八十里，但总走不到，沿河上到雪山边，要上雪山了，始知毛儿盖尚在雪山那边，这个时候冷起来了，天也奇奇怪怪地下雪了，俨然如江西十二月的光景，喜得只下几十分钟便停止了。 雪山过了又下了，老是沿河下，以为毛儿盖就在前面，尽走都没有到，天黑了摸了一些夜路，不得不就地露营，而毛儿盖仍渺渺茫茫！今天至少也走了九十里。 只为没有房子，故只得围火求暖，挨过一夜。就是用餐也是吃出发前发的干粮——豆子，不幸吃豆子时，稍不留意将去年穿了孔的左臼牙又吃痛起来了，这冤家一来，又不知到何时才能免脱！ nine days 天亮后各烧火取暖，后即出发走二十里到沙窝，此地尚有大约百户，但被捣乱分子将房子烧去大半，藏民视为极恨，不断的打枪过来。午后继进至距毛儿盖十余里处黑马寺宿营（三十里）。 （33）到毛儿盖 十日 午后到毛儿盖附近归队。 据说毛儿盖仅敌一营固守堡内，我们到时，敌因惧我军接近攻之，已将街上房子烧去五分之四，只见一大团的房子中火光烛天，乌烟蔽地。 这一带的地势与前有天壤之别，只