Chapter 58 Volunteer Army's "Secret Weapon"

Our Chinese People's Volunteers marched across the Yalu River with arrogance and arrogance. After five battles, we drove the invincible American invaders from the Yalu River to the south of the 38th Parallel.At that time, some commanders, generals and military strategists in the United States were puzzled: the Volunteer Army had no air force, navy, heavy artillery, and very few tanks and artillery. Why were American tanks blown up one by one? It is incredible that the landmines failed, and barbed wire fences and blockhouses flew into the sky.Therefore, some of them concluded that the volunteer army must have some secret weapon!

Yes, the Volunteer Army does have a "secret weapon", which is its strong political work.Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out long ago: "Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive factor. The decisive factor is people, not things." ("Selected Works of Mao Zedong", Volume II, p. 437). "The foundation of the army lies in the soldiers. Without progressive political spirit instilled in the army, and without progressive political work to carry out this infusion, it will be impossible to achieve a true unity between officers and soldiers, and it will be impossible to inspire the officers and men with the greatest enthusiasm for the war of resistance. All technologies and tactics cannot get the best foundation to exert their due effectiveness.” ("Selected Works of Mao Zedong", Volume II, page 478) The Volunteer Army has inherited and carried forward the fine traditions of the Red Army, mastered the strong The "secret weapon" of political work trains and trains thousands of heroes with a high degree of political consciousness who are not afraid of suffering and death, so that they can defeat the enemy who is armed to the teeth and win the war to resist US aggression and aid Korea.During the struggle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, I had some personal experience with the political work of the Volunteers:

What I have experienced most deeply is: Adhere to the absolute leadership of the party over the military, especially when going abroad to fight and far away from the central government, the party's leadership should be regarded as the most fundamental principle that the military cannot shake.Because only under the direct leadership of the party can our army adhere to the correct direction politically and militarily, and can it truly become a tool for accomplishing revolutionary tasks.Party committees at all levels must adhere to the traditional leadership system of the division of labor and responsibility system under the collective leadership of the party committees. All major issues are discussed collectively to obtain a unified understanding, and then implement them according to the division of labor.Even in the harsh environment and arduous tasks, it is still necessary to regularly ask for instructions and report to the higher-ups, the Central Military Commission, and the General Political Department.The party committee should attach great importance to the unity of a group of people, truly achieve unity of will and unity of action, and become the core of the unity of the entire army.I have worked with Deng Hua, Yang Dezhi, Yang Yong and other military commanders successively. Everyone can help each other, support each other, cooperate closely, and be intimate.At that time, there was a wave of dogmatism, superstitious belief in the Soviet Union, copying the experience of the Soviet army, trying to weaken the party's absolute leadership over the army, denying the glorious tradition of our army, as if our army would not be able to deal with modern warfare without this.At that time, together with other leading comrades of the Volunteer Army, I resisted this unhealthy trend, so those dogmatic regulations and measures were not implemented in the Volunteer Army.I also passed various meetings and wrote many articles, and repeatedly publicized the Volunteer Army with my own practical experience to prove: Adhering to Mao Zedong’s military thought and carrying forward the fine traditions of our army enabled us to win the modern war of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.

Our people's army has accumulated rich experience in political work during the long-term revolutionary war.The Volunteers creatively applied these valuable experiences to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, inspired the troops with strong political work and the spirit of patriotism, internationalism, and revolutionary heroism, and carried out extensive and in-depth campaigns to kill the enemy and make meritorious deeds, so that the troops always maintained a high morale. Fighting spirit effectively guarantees the completion of battles and other tasks. We attach great importance to the use of the party's mass line working methods in political work, so that the lower sentiments can be communicated, and the upper sentiments can be communicated.I also often personally lead or supervise the agency to send people to the grassroots company to investigate and study, to grasp the ideological trends of the troops, and to discover and solve various bad tendencies in a timely manner.We often emphasize that leading cadres at all levels must have a democratic style of work, be good at listening to opinions from all sides, and pool their wisdom to make correct decisions.At the same time, it is often emphasized to carry forward the three major democracies of our army, implement the mass line in all work, mobilize all positive factors, and give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the vast number of commanders and fighters.We have many, many successful battles, all of which illustrate the remarkable results of promoting democracy and brainstorming.

We once put forward the slogan "Political work comes from the people of the motherland" and actively advocated the activities of "coming and going with the people of the motherland". This is a successful example of our use of the mass line working method in political work.At that time, the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao were very concerned about the volunteers. They sent three "consolation groups to North Korea" to condolences to the volunteers.We ask leaders at all levels and political organs to take advantage of this opportunity to well organize welcome and publicity, invite relatives of the motherland to report new achievements in the motherland's construction to the commanders and fighters, and ask the representatives of the volunteer army to report that the central leadership comrades and the people of the motherland care about and love the volunteer army. The grand occasion and new achievements in the construction of the motherland.At the same time, through a large number of condolence letters and gifts from the people of the motherland and letters from military families, we can learn about the new look of the motherland, especially the hometown.Some units also select letters with educational significance, publish them on wall newspapers and blackboard newspapers, and organize heroes, heroes, and soldiers to reply to their relatives in the motherland (many of them are Young Pioneers, Youth League members, and teenagers), so that more people are affected by it. educate.Many soldiers listened to the report of heroes and models and went to the Tiananmen viewing platform to participate in the National Day ceremony. Chairman Mao and the central leadership comrades were so excited that they stayed up all night after the grand occasion that they received them cordially. Many fighters also use this as an important part of the challenge.Letters from family members are also a great encouragement and encouragement to commanders and fighters. One soldier received a letter from his mother saying: "Our family has turned over the land reform, and now we don't need anything, only a good news for your meritorious deeds." At the mobilization meeting , the soldier took this letter from home to express his determination on stage, and challenged his comrades. As a result, he really made a contribution and fulfilled his wish.After hearing these reports, I excitedly said to the comrades in the newspaper office: "This is political work from the motherland." I asked the comrades in the newspaper office to interview and report more such cases.Thousands of letters have been exchanged between the people of the motherland and the "loveliest person" - the volunteer army. Through this kind of communication and mutual encouragement, great spiritual power has indeed been generated.

To implement the party's mass line and mobilize the enthusiasm of the generals, we must care about their sufferings, do everything possible to help the troops solve practical difficulties in daily life, and take it as an important aspect of consolidating the troops and improving their combat effectiveness.The first thing I did after I was transferred to be the director of the Political Department of the Volunteer Army was to improve the material and spiritual life of the troops.At that time, the troops insisted on defensive operations in the cold and damp tunnels. The tunnels lacked sunlight and fresh air, the food was not good, life was boring, the soldiers' physical fitness declined, and diseases were prevalent.In accordance with the spirit of the Volunteer Army Political Work Conference hosted by Deputy Political Commissar Gan Siqi and former Director Du Ping of the Political Department before I took office, and based on the principle of facing the company and facing the tunnel, I worked closely with the logistics organization to strengthen the supply work at the front and quickly improved the troops. material life.In order to improve the spiritual life of the troops, when I first entered the DPRK, I left seven actresses from the 19th Corps Art Troupe and some comrades from the band in Pyongyang, and sent them to the Korean People’s Army Concert Orchestra to learn Korean songs, dances and folk music for nearly half a year. , After returning to the cultural troupe, they rehearsed North Korean songs and dances and music programs, and performed for the troops and North Korean masses.By strengthening the construction of art troupes and teams, we have cultivated a large number of cultural work backbones, organized them to perform in the tunnels, helped the company to carry out club work, cultivated the company's literary and artistic backbone, and activated the company's cultural life.At that time, there were anecdotes about the company’s entertainment activities such as percussion instruments made of cannon shells, American empty cans, North Korean wood, and Chinese ponytail. Find the cultural department to contact the supply of entertainment equipment and books to make mass cultural and entertainment activities more colorful.The improvement of material and cultural life has changed the appearance of the positions and consolidated the troops' concept of protracted combat both materially and spiritually.The soldiers have a deep affection for the position and call it "the home of the position".

I attach great importance to the role of newspapers as a powerful tool for political work.When working in the 19th Corps, I often used the semi-monthly "Anti-American Front" to guide my work and exchange experiences.After being transferred to work at the Volunteer Army Headquarters, in addition to continuing to lead the "Volunteer Army Daily", I considered that the Volunteer Army Headquarters used telegrams in the past to guide work and exchange experiences. It is too narrow to meet with the majority of cadres, and the requirements for telegrams are very short, and it is impossible to write too detailed. Therefore, it is suggested to create an internal publication "Volunteer Army Political Work" to meet directly with cadres above the regiment.Manuscripts come from the masses and go to the masses; they also publish instructions from the volunteer army chiefs and leading organs, and these instructions are nothing more than the product of gathering correct opinions from the masses and processing them.In my opinion, there are many problems to be solved in political work. The solution to a problem is often the first breakthrough in one or two units. The responsibility of leading cadres and agencies is to discover it, grasp it, and introduce it through publications to promote the overall situation.My suggestion was approved by the party committee, and it was decided that this publication would not increase the establishment or increase the number of staff, but would be run by a few people from the research team of the Secretary Section of the Political Department.Under the direct leadership of the Political Department and the efforts of Yao Xu and other comrades who ran the newspaper, "Volunteer Army Political Work" was well run. It timely conveyed the instructions of the Volunteer Army Party Committee and the head, and summarized and exchanged the political work experience of each unit.For example, during the offensive campaign in the summer of 1953, I asked Yao Xu, the person in charge of the publication, to help the three armies summarize their political work experience in lurking in front of the enemy, attacking the enemy's tunnels, and penetrating in depth in a timely manner, so that the mobilized masses can "raise difficulties, Find a way" to promote military democracy has been carried out extensively and deeply throughout the army to ensure victory in campaigns and battles.

I deeply understand the important role of revolutionary literature and art in carrying forward revolutionary heroism and inspiring fighting spirit. When writers Ba Jin, Wei Wei, Hu Ke and other comrades who participated in the "Condolence Group to North Korea" or went to the volunteer army to experience life on the battlefield, I warmly received them when they came to the Korean front. , and took time out of his busy schedule to introduce the situation to them, help them go deep into company interviews and experience life, and organize troops to read their works.I especially recommend Ba Jin's reportage collection "Living Among Heroes" and short story collection "Heroes' Stories" to the troops, and Wei Wei's reportage collection "Who Is the Cutest Person" and other works; personally participate in research and organize rehearsals Hu Ke wrote the play "Glory for the Motherland" reflecting the combat life of the volunteers.

After the Korean armistice, according to the instructions of the General Political Department, in order to truly record the great history of the Volunteer Army’s two-year and nine-month War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and to promote the nobleness of patriotism, internationalism and revolutionary heroism displayed by the Volunteer Army commanders and fighters during the war In December 1953, the Political Department of the Volunteer Army decided to organize the compilation of two books, "Biography of the Volunteer Army Heroes" and "One Day in the Volunteer Army", and called for essays on the title "One Day in the Volunteer Army". "The Legend of the Volunteer Army Heroes" was mainly written by organized writers, journalists, and art workers of the army, while the compilation of "Volunteer Army One Day" adopted the creative method of the mass line, and mobilized the vast number of commanders and fighters who participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea to write it by hand.I attach great importance to this large-scale recruitment. I personally grasp the work of organization and leadership, and require the party committees and political organs of each army to put the essay collection work on the agenda. Political commissars and political department directors personally grasp it. And the office, specifically organize and guide the work of soliciting papers, and on the basis of general soliciting papers, help with the writing and revision of key manuscripts, review manuscripts layer by layer, select manuscripts and send them to the editorial department of "Volunteer Army One Day".The commanders and fighters of the entire army responded to the call for essays by the Political Department of the Volunteer Army with practical actions. In 1954, a broad and deep mass creative craze was formed, and this craze quickly spread to all the troops in the country who participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. In less than two years, he successfully completed the task of collecting manuscripts.

These two books were published successively in June and October of 1956, and produced huge repercussions at home and abroad.Comrade Kim Il Sung, the leader of the Korean people, the Workers' Party of Korea, the government, the Korean People's Army and the Korean people gave the volunteers great help.Although they suffered heavy disasters and huge losses under the burning, killing and looting of the US imperialists, they still tried their best to help the volunteers fight. On the morning of the second day after our 19th Corps entered the court, the train driver hid the train carriages in sections for air defense. As soon as the impact hit, the hook hadn’t been hooked up yet. Our four carriages were shaken by the impact, and the carriages slid down the rails. Since there was no front control, the carriages slid faster and faster along the downhill road under the action of inertia.It was useless for me to force the brakes to be tightened. The carriage ran forward like a wild horse, and there was a danger of derailment and overturning at any time.When the headless carriage ran for more than ten minutes and approached Dingzhou Station, it suddenly found a truck parked on the track of the station. Once the headless carriage collided with the truck, the car would be destroyed!At this critical moment, a 13 or 14-year-old railway switchman at the station quickly rushed out of the station and opened the switch, slowing down the headless carriage, turning slowly to another railway track and stopping, and rescued the dead. The lives of all the staff in our four carriages.Yang Dezhi, Zheng Weishan and I hurriedly got out of the car to thank the little switchman.This North Korean boy was the first North Korean citizen I met after I entered the DPRK. His wit and bravery left a deep impression on me.When we arrived at the campsite, Yang Dezhi, Zheng Weishan and I even wrote poems to praise this respectable North Korean boy.

When we first entered the dynasty, the headquarters of the Corps was stationed in Duzhuangdong, and Yang Dezhi and I lived in the home of a grandma (auntie). All the men in her family had gone to the front, and only she and a young daughter were left at home.On weekdays, the comrades of our Corps leaders often find time to help Grandma clean the yard, carry water and firewood together with the security personnel. When improving the food, I will never forget to give some food to their mother and daughter. After work, sometimes through The interpreter and Grandma talk heart-to-heart, like a family.Soon, the Corps moved to Fairy Cave.On the New Year's Eve of that year, Grandma learned that we were in Fairy Cave, so she and her youngest daughter brought cakes and apples, and braved the wind, snow, cold, and enemy air raids, and drove dozens of miles of mountain roads to visit us.Relatives reunite, especially affectionate.We kept them in the agency for the New Year, and had a party with the cadres, soldiers and local people of the agency, the directly affiliated team, and celebrated the New Year. Many North Korean grandmothers, like this Duzhuang-dong grandmother, love the volunteers like their own children.Grandma Xianzaifu, known as the "Mother of the Volunteer Army", broke through the ice and washed more than 700 blood-stained clothes for the wounded volunteers in the icy water.In the battles of our army, not only our comrades-in-arms of the Korean People's Army fought side by side with us, but also tens of thousands of Korean people did their best to support and participate in the battle to ensure the victory of the battle and battle.According to statistics, during the three years of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, more than 300,000 Korean migrant workers directly supported our army in combat.During the offensive in the summer of 1953, more than 8,400 people from the three counties of Changdao, Xipu, and Huaiyang participated in the support.Fang Yuangen, a stretcher in Dajing, died while covering the wounded volunteers. His father, Fang Xingfu, rushed over. Instead of taking care of his son's funeral, he lifted the stretcher his son had carried and said, "My son died without completing his mission." I want to complete the task for him and avenge him!" Jin Fuhuan, a stretcher bearer in Xinfengli, died to cover the wounded, and his wife Li Jinlai came with his son Jin Jihao the next day to join the stretcher team.This kind of heroic spirit of supporting the Volunteers with all their strength, whether men, women or children, has moved our entire army commanders and fighters deeply. Many heroes have sprung up in the former army of the Korean people, and their heroic deeds are even more touching.One day, Park Jae-geun, a former member of the North Korean support team, was suddenly shot by enemy planes on the way to transport the wounded volunteers. In order to protect the wounded, he threw himself on the wounded without hesitation. A bunker of flesh and blood was set up, and the wounded were safe and sound, but he gave his precious life.This great internationalist fighter is known as the "Luo Shengjiao" of the Korean people.Shi Jirong, a member of the Shadri Democratic Youth League, was a North Korean girl whose leg was broken by enemy artillery fire while digging wild vegetables to comfort the volunteers.During the Battle of Shangganling, she set up a tea station on the highway to take care of the wounded volunteers day and night, regardless of her disability, illness, or the enemy's rampant artillery fire.After the war, North Korean artists compiled her deeds into the movie "Unbloomed Flowers on the Mountain Road", which passed down the fighting friendship between the Chinese and North Korean people from generation to generation. The Workers' Party of Korea, the government, and Comrade Kim Il Sung cared very much about the volunteer army. In addition to vigorously organizing and mobilizing the masses to support the front, they gave great honor to the volunteer army.In some celebrations and grand rallies held by the North Korean government, volunteers are invited to participate, and the heads of the volunteers and representatives of heroes and models are invited to board the rostrum or the viewing platform.In the three years before the Korean armistice, the North Korean government awarded 231,190 medals and medals to volunteer heroes and heroes, and 295,164 medals and medals to cadres at all levels. Commander Peng Dehuai and twelve comrades including Yang Gensi, Huang Jiguang, Sun Zhanyuan, Yang Liandi, Qiu Shaoyun, Wu Xianhua, Hu Xiudao, Yang Yucai, Yang Chunzeng, Li Jiafa, Xu Jiapeng were awarded the title of "Heroes of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea".During the seven years I fought and worked in North Korea, I was awarded three First Class National Flag Medals and two First Class Freedom and Independence Medals by the North Korean government (in October 1975, when I led the Chinese People's Friendship Delegation to visit North Korea , and won a first-class national flag medal).The honor given to the volunteer commanders and fighters by the Workers' Party of Korea, the government and Comrade Kim Il Sung is a great encouragement to everyone. The commanders and fighters are all proud of their "international achievements" and are determined to thank the Korean people with practical actions. We often use the above-mentioned real facts to educate the commanders and fighters of the volunteer army to follow Chairman Mao Zedong's instructions, love and respect Comrade Kim Il Sung, the leader of the party, government, army, people and the Korean people, strictly abide by military discipline and political discipline, and cherish North Korea's mountains, rivers, plants and trees do not take the needles and threads of the North Korean people.The vast number of commanders and fighters carried forward the Chinese People's Liberation Army's fine tradition of strictly abiding by the "three major disciplines and eight points of attention".Marching in winter, the soldiers carried 30 to 40 kilograms, and they were very tired when they arrived at the camp, but they still tried not to live in private houses, and often camped on hillsides or in the snow; Grass, feed cattle, push the mill, lift manure, clean the yard, and help the resident people to treat diseases; check up before leaving, and say goodbye to the people.On the marching road, supervise each other, be careful not to trample on the crops or damage the fruit trees of the masses; on the main roads of traffic, set up sentries to maintain discipline.They also wrote (or printed) the "Three Great Disciplines and Eight Points of Attention" in Chinese and North Korean languages, and posted them on walls and roadsides for public supervision.Some companies affixed "untouched" seals on the landlord's cabinets, so that they would never commit any crime in the autumn; .From these actions of our army, the North Korean people can see that the volunteers are really their good comrades and friends. Although they do not understand the language, their thoughts and feelings are quickly integrated. Due to the fact that our army hastily went abroad, the education of some troops was not deep enough, and the members of the troops came from all over the world, and the combat conditions were very difficult and difficult, etc., some problems occurred in the mass discipline of the troops.For example, in the early days of entering the DPRK, the director of a certain company used RMB to buy things from the North Korean people in the resident. Although the people can use RMB to buy things in our military service agency or to our border areas, I think this is a violation of the policy of disrespecting the North Korean government. Disciplinary behavior, severe criticism, and notification to the army is strictly prohibited.In December 1955, on my way to Kaesong, I saw troops felling trees for firewood, and some of them also chopped down trees that had become useful. I was very angry.At the cadre meeting of this army, he criticized: "Although the firewood needs to be solved this winter and the fortifications need to be built, it is impossible not to cut down the trees, but they must be cut down in a planned way. Regardless of size, good or bad, you must not cut down the trees whenever you see them. Sweep it all away." I said, "Next spring, we will call on the whole army to launch a tree planting campaign, and plant as many trees as possible on the roadsides and barren hills where our army is stationed." After I was transferred to the leadership position of the Volunteer Army In order to consolidate and strengthen the unity of the Volunteers and the Korean people, in addition to reporting to the superiors, they always report to Comrade Kim Il Sung in a timely manner for relevant major issues.A senior cadre meeting specially invited Comrade Kim Il Sung to meet with you, and made a report to the meeting, introducing the national economic recovery and construction plan after the Korean armistice, which greatly encouraged everyone.After the armistice, the Korean people rebuilt their homes on the ruins destroyed by the enemy with incomparable perseverance.Once, they planned to build a brick and tile factory in Pyongyang to solve the difficulty of building materials, but due to the lack of skilled workers to build chimneys, Comrade Kim Il Sung asked the volunteer army for support.After researching with Yang Dezhi and other leaders of the Volunteer Army, I immediately dispatched an engineering battalion to the construction site, and quickly built the chimney.We also require leading organs at all levels above the regiment to establish regular contact with the local party and government organs in North Korea, and help the North Korean people resume production and rebuild their homes.I have also visited many times the construction sites where the Volunteer Army helps the North Korean people in production and construction, and personally participated in the labor. The Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean People's Army have established a profound friendship in fighting side by side for a long time. The armies of the two countries are closely related and share weal and woe.When the People's Army fought back against the enemy, three people were injured. He Wenfu, a health worker of our army, immediately climbed over the ridge blocked by the enemy's artillery to rescue them.When the wires of our army and the people's army were interrupted by enemy artillery, as long as the telephone operators on both sides found out, no matter where the wires were or how fierce the enemy's artillery fire was, they would pull the wires first.Usually, our army donates non-staple food, daily necessities, entertainment equipment to the people's army, and the people's army also sends us vegetables and tobacco leaves.When encountering the opposing troops marching past their garrison, they vacated the house, boiled water, and expressed their condolences cordially.On every commemorative festival between China and North Korea, they should congratulate each other, present gifts, have a party, and send cultural troupes and art troupes to each other to perform condolences.In order to continuously consolidate and deepen this kind of combat friendship, we require the troops to humbly learn from the people's army's heroic and tenacious fighting style, standardized system, good organizational and discipline concepts, hard-working spirit and advanced experience.We have always respected the representatives and liaison officers sent by the People's Army to various units of our army, listened to their opinions and suggestions humbly, and gave full play to their role.After every battle and battle, we take the initiative to ask for and congratulate the People's Army troops who fought side by side, and publicize their achievements and heroic deeds to educate our army commanders and fighters. Treating captives leniently and disintegrating the enemy army is one of the basic principles of our military's political work.On the eve of the Nineteenth Corps' entry into the court, I instructed the Political Department to issue a very specific "Code for Treating Captives", requiring Corps commanders and fighters to strictly implement the captive policy.In December 1951, according to the instructions of the Political Department of the Volunteer Army, I personally arranged for the armies of the 19th Corps to actively carry out the Christmas political offensive.I know that Westerners attach great importance to Christmas, just like we Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival. It is a festival for them to reunite with their families and celebrate a good night.Therefore, I repeatedly emphasized at the meeting of the enemy workers' cadres: "It is human nature to miss relatives every festive season." Sometimes it will encourage their homesickness and war weariness.We must seize this opportunity to further publicize the DPRK and China’s consistent stand for a peaceful solution to the Korean issue by congratulating Christmas, sending Christmas gifts and promotional materials, and telling them how the US representatives are doing everything possible to delay and sabotage the armistice negotiations; The U.S. representative has no sincerity for peace. The two sides have already reached an armistice agreement, and they can go home and reunite with their families for Christmas.During the Christmas period, all the armies of the 19th Corps congratulated the enemy troops on Christmas broadcasts, and presented gifts such as Christmas trees, Christmas gift bags, elaborate congratulatory "Merry Christmas" cards, commemorative medals, and pastries.The 63rd Army alone sent out five Christmas trees, 153 Christmas gift bags, four pictures of Santa Claus, and more than 500,000 copies of Christmas promotional materials.The effect of this publicity was very good. Some American soldiers put the "Peace Dove" commemorative medal we gave us on their hats and said: "The Chinese give us gifts to congratulate us to show friendship"; Thank you; some cursed Truman for keeping them from going home to their families. For Christmas in 1952 and New Year's and Spring Festival in 1953, I was transferred to the director of the Political Department of the Volunteer Army.At that time, under the threat of our army's "cold guns and cold guns", the enemy army was in a state of panic all day long, hiding in the bunker all day long and not daring to show their faces.In order to launch a festive political offensive against the enemy, according to the decision of the Party Committee of the Volunteer Army, we arranged our army to reach a temporary ceasefire with the enemy in some forward positions and hold fire parties.We broadcast a "ceasefire" to the enemy and give the enemy a "holiday".The officers and soldiers of the enemy army were very happy, and they got out of the tunnels and bunkers one after another, moved freely on the ground, breathed fresh air, listened to the music we broadcast, appreciated the holiday gifts and promotional materials we gave them, and some even followed the music we played. The music danced and enjoyed the peace, joy and happiness that the "cease fire" brought to them.As a result, I have a stronger aversion to aggressive wars, and I am grateful for our army's humanitarianism and sincerity for peace from the bottom of my heart. In July 1953, after the "armistice agreement" was signed, the volunteers generally held parties with enemy soldiers on various forward positions.Although the enemy commander strictly prohibited it, more than 900 soldiers from the U.S. Army, the British Army, and Syngman Rhee’s Puppet Army still joined us on the ground to celebrate the signing of the "Agreement of Armistice".They said one after another: "From now on, we will no longer fight against the Chinese." I participated in the decision-making research on the specific process of the armistice negotiations, and I know that the prisoner issue is a sensitive issue on the negotiating table. Therefore, I pay special attention to the management and education of prisoners. Similarities and differences between countries and races are all treated equally; respect the personality and religious beliefs of prisoners of war; carry out education centered on supporting peace and opposing war, and publicize our army's policy of preferential treatment of prisoners of war through correspondence between prisoners of war and their families; strengthen management and maintain prisoner camps normal order; and establish a complete file of prisoners of war, with the experience of negotiation and struggle, and constantly improve the management and education of prisoner of war camps.At the same time, we also educated the troops to conscientiously implement the armistice agreement, and did a good job in preferential treatment of prisoners of war, repatriation of prisoners of war, and handover of the bones of the enemy's dead in the spirit of revolutionary humanitarianism, which won praise from international public opinion.Hurd, the British Secretary of War at the time, publicly said: "From what we know of the more than 6,000 letters they (referring to prisoners of war) sent to their relatives, almost unanimously said that their treatment was quite good." After the armistice, the work of the troops against the enemy gradually relaxed.In June 1954, the Political Department of the Volunteer Army held a meeting on the work of the enemy army. At the meeting, I made a summary report on "Several Basic Issues in the Work of the Enemy Army in the Future".The report pointed out: "The work of the enemy army is one of the four main contents of our army's political work. The important significance of military work, and often understand the political and ideological dynamics of the enemy. In military training, it is necessary to combine the exercises of wartime political work, conduct shouting at the front line, capture and escort prisoners, and implement exercises of the policy of lenient prisoners.” The report called on the enemy Army work should "actively study methods and adopt appropriate methods to carry out work without violating the principles of the armistice agreement." Relevant local departments and various forces rely on the masses to make achievements.”Due to the clear mission and flexible methods, the enemy's work has achieved good results since then. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was the largest modern war after the end of World War II. Its valuable experience is of great significance to the modernization of our army and to coping with future anti-aggression wars.The political work in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea inherited and carried forward the fine traditions of our army’s political work, and there were many new developments and new creations. It was an unprecedentedly rich and active period for our army’s wartime political work.Comrade Gan Siqi, former deputy political commissar of the Volunteer Army (then deputy director of the General Political Department of the PLA) and I both attached great importance to the summary of experience in political work in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.After the Korean armistice, I immediately started to grasp this work, requiring political organs above the military to conduct bottom-up political work summaries, and taking the summarization of experience as an important task to complete within a time limit. Wang Nan, Yao Xu and other 30 cadres organized a strong writing team to conduct a comprehensive summary of the political work of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea on the basis of helping the various armies to summarize.I personally presided over the discussion summary outline, reviewed the drafts of each chapter, and wrote the "Basic Summary of the Political Work Experience of the Chinese People's Volunteers in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (first draft) in July 1954, and distributed it to all participating troops for comments. Afterwards, it was submitted to the Political Work Conference of the Volunteer Army, where serious discussions were held and opinions from all sides were listened to. In February 1955, a revised version of the first draft (hereinafter referred to as the "First Draft") was written and submitted for review. In March 1956, Li Yaowen, Li Boqiu, Tan Youming, Li Xigeng, Chen Ying, Feng Cun, Wei Wei, Li Ping, Wang Nan, Yao Xu and other 18 political cadres were selected by the PLA General Political Department and the Party Committee of the Volunteer Army. The "Editorial Committee for Summary of Political Work Experience of the Chinese People's Volunteers in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" was established, with Gan Siqi, deputy director of the General Political Department, as the director and me as the deputy director, and repeated research and summary.After more than two years of hard work, the "Draft Experience Summary of Several Major Issues in the Political Work of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" (hereinafter referred to as the "Draft") was compiled. , 210 pieces of specific experience from various military branches, arms, and various tasks were compiled into the "Compilation of Political Work Experience in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea", and it was published together with the "Draft" to solicit comments from units above the military division. In August 1959, the former leading political cadres of the Volunteer Army and the editorial committee held a review meeting in Qingdao, Shandong to review and revise the "Draft".Unfortunately, during the meeting, because Comrade Peng Dehuai was wrongly criticized at the Lushan meeting, the manuscript review work was also interrupted.Although the "First Draft" and "Draft" have been shelved for more than 20 years and have not been finalized, its draft for comments has been widely circulated in the army and has been valued and welcomed by the majority of cadres.Some units reprinted the full text of the "First Draft" and distributed it to cadres for reading, some printed and distributed relevant chapters to troops for study and research, and some colleges even listed it as an important reference material for teaching. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, Comrade Peng Dehuai's unjust case was vindicated. In April 1984, I retired to the second line to serve as a consultant to the Central Military Commission. Although I was nearly eighty years old, frail and sickly, and almost blind, I still cared about the political work summary of the Volunteer Army and actively put forward suggestions. With the approval of the General Political Department, the "Chinese People's Volunteers' Political Work Experience Review and Editing Group in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea" was formed, and six comrades, Chen Ying, Chen Niandi, Wang Nan, Liu Yunzhen, Li Chong, and Li Ziping, who were members of the review and editing team, were directly organized to review the "First Draft ", "Draft" and "Compilation" for serious and repeated review. 一九八五年二月二十七日至三月一日，我亲自主持审编小组在北京召开审稿座谈会。出席会议的有原志愿军政治工作领导干部杜平、张南生、任荣和其他有关领导同志，还有原编委会大部分委员，审编小组的成员和总政治部政工研究处、在京军队院校政工研究部门、各军种兵种有关同志。会议认为，抗美援朝战争政治工作的经验是丰富的，认真总结这些经验是对青年一代进行革命传统教育的宝贵教材，对帮助广大政治干部学习我军现代化战争的政治工作经验有重要意义。会议还认为，《初稿》和《草稿》两种稿本都是当年编写人员从大量经验材料中提炼出来的杰作，经过这次审编，又使原稿提高了一步，两稿各具特色，无论舍弃哪一种稿本都很可惜。会议决定并经总政治部批准，由审编小组将《初稿》定名为《中国人民志愿军抗美援朝战争政治工作总结》；将《草稿》定名为《中国人民志愿军抗美援朝战争政治工作》，于一九八五年六月，由解放军出版社正式出版，以纪念十月二十五日中国人民志愿军出国作战三十五周年。 中央军委对这两部书出版十分重视，邓小平同志为这两部书题签了书名，徐向前、聂荣臻、杨尚昆同志题了词。不久前，《中国人民志愿军抗美援朝战争政治工作经验汇编》（上、下册）也已审编完毕，付印出版。志愿军政治工作经验总结，经过三十多年的反复曲折，三部书一百四十万字的编辑和审编、出版工作，终于胜利完成，为我军革命化、现代化、正规化建设和未来反侵略战争提供了宝贵的经验，也了却了我三十多年的心愿。 一九八五年六月，当《初稿》和《草稿》两部书出版，志愿军出国作战三十五周年纪念日即将来临之际，我深深怀念敬爱的老首长彭德怀同志，怀念在抗美援朝战场上英勇牺牲的烈士，怀念当年并肩战斗的战友。我手捧书本，心潮起伏，热泪盈眶，当即写下《杂咏二首》，寄托自己的深情，诗中的“小序”和原文是： 一九八五年六月，《中国人民志愿军抗美援朝战争政治工作》、《中国人民志愿军抗美援朝战争政治工作总结》二书定稿付印。时值春暮，是夜，踱步庭院，星辉满天，风摇花影，心潮涌荡，赋诗以记之。