Chapter 39 Shacheng training

Our People's Liberation Army's four-month self-defense operations have made Chiang Kai-shek, who provoked the civil war, more and more defeated.He felt that he was not ready to launch a full-scale civil war. Under the pressure of the people of the whole country for peace and democracy, he had to convene the National Political Consultative Conference in January 1946 with the participation of our Communist Party and other democratic parties. On the 10th, the "Agreement on Armistice" was signed with our party, and the "Order of Armistice" was issued, which stipulated that the armies of both sides will stop military operations at their respective positions at midnight on January 12th.However, while Chiang Kai-shek issued the truce order, he secretly ordered the Kuomintang army to "seize strategic points as soon as possible" before the truce order took effect, so as to be in a favorable position when it attacked our liberated areas on a large scale.Under such circumstances, our army carried out a struggle against seizing strategic points in accordance with Chairman Mao's instruction of "tit for tat, every inch of land must be fought".

On January 5, 1946, all of our Jizhong column was transferred from Suiyuan to Shacheng and Huailai areas for training, and prepared to fight against the enemy who invaded Zhangjiakou from Nankou along the Pingsui line. On January 10, the Fourth Cavalry Division of Yan Xishan Division in Datong, the Fifth Provincial Defense Army and the Northeast Advance Army attacked Yanggao, Fengzhen and Hunyuan in three routes.The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region immediately ordered the 13th Brigade of our column to be transported from the Shacheng area to the Yanbei area, and cooperated with the Hebei-Jinan Column and the troops of the Jinsui Military Region to wipe out the enemy.

At dawn on January 10, the 4th Division of the Datong Enemy Cavalry attacked Julebao and Yanggao. After occupying Sanshilipu, they attacked the position of the 11th Regiment of the 4th Brigade of the Yujiashan Hebei-Shan Column. Shilipu detour.Our 4th Brigade blocked the front with the 11th Regiment, counterattacked the enemy's flanks with the 6th Regiment, defeated the enemy, and killed, wounded and captured more than 1,000 enemies.The Datong enemy's other route, the 39th Regiment of the 14th Division of the Fifth Army of Shanxi Provincial Defense, occupied Jijiazhuang on the 11th and our Hunyuan City on the 12th.The military command ordered the 4th Brigade of the Hebei-Shandong Column to lead the 5th and 11th regiments, and commanded the 39th Regiment of the 12th Brigade of our Jizhong Column and the independent 12th and 13th Regiments of the Fifth Military Division to wipe out the invading troops. The enemy of Chaotic Source.The fourth brigade marched 180 miles in a day and night, and entered Hunyuan on the afternoon of the 14th, taking advantage of the enemy's unstable foothold to launch an attack.The Fifth Regiment and the Second Battalion of the Eleventh Regiment quickly occupied Xiguan and wiped out most of the enemy's battalion; the Eleventh Regiment wiped out one platoon of the enemy in the east of the city, and the rest of the enemy retreated into the city.

On the 15th, the enemy concentrated superior forces to launch three consecutive counterattacks against the Fifth Regiment, all of which were repelled by the Fifth Regiment.In order to buy time to wipe out the enemy quickly, before the thirty-ninth regiment of our column arrived, the fourth brigade launched a general attack on the enemy in Hunyuan at 17:00.The fifth regiment first broke in through the west gate, but the eleventh regiment in the east was a little slow in moving, and the enemy fled to the northeast by night.On the way forward, the 39th Regiment of our column intercepted and annihilated more than 300 fleeing enemies on the banks of the Sanggan River.

At the same time, the Datong enemy's other Northeast Advance Army and more than 2,000 men from Wang Ying's First Puppet Cavalry Army bypassed Gushan and attacked Fengzhen on January 13.The 3rd Brigade of the Hebei-Shandan Column counterattacked with the 1st and 10th Regiments; the 38th Regiment of the 13th Brigade of our column attacked in the direction of Gushan, and cooperated with the 3rd Brigade to wipe out the enemy.Under the counterattack of the first and tenth regiments, the enemy quickly withdrew from Fengzhen and fled towards Datong. Unfortunately, our 38th regiment failed to arrive in time, and the enemy was able to retreat into Datong city.

On January 14, after the truce came into force, more than 4,000 troops from Fu Zuoyi's newly formed Fourth Cavalry Division and Li Shouxin's Second Army of the Puppet Mongolian Cavalry invaded and occupied Jining City, an important town in eastern Suizhou.The 3rd Brigade of the Jijin Column and the 6th Regiment of the 4th Brigade cooperated with the troops of the Jinsui Military Region to counterattack. After three days of fierce attack, on the morning of the 17th, more than 2,000 enemies were wiped out.At the same time, in the east, the columns of our Jichareliao Military Region also shattered the enemy's attempt to seize Gubeikou and Xifengkou and then occupy Chengde.However, due to the enemy's pervasive and wanton occupation, and some of our troops relaxed their vigilance and preparations after the truce came into effect, and failed to organize a counterattack in time, the enemy invaded our Chaoyang, Yebaishou, Lingyuan and Pingquan places.All the units of our Jizhong column that participated in the battle against the enemy to seize strategically important places still returned to the Shacheng area on January 17.

The Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek clique's actions to seize strategic points, under the heavy blow of our army and the strong opposition of the people of the whole country, the large-scale military offensive of its army was forced to temporarily stop, and then the country and the Communist Party, with the participation of the United States, began to delineate the armistice line and reorganize Negotiations on issues such as the army and the reorganization of the government led to a temporary peace.But this is nothing more than a political deception by the Kuomintang and a preparatory step for a large-scale civil war, and the struggle is still very intense and complicated.At that time, the enemy of North China was still attacking Rehe and eastern Hebei continuously, and encroaching on central Hebei, Hebei-Shanxi and Hebei-Chahar regions.For this reason, our army complied with the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao's "Guidelines for Work in the Liberated Areas in 1946". On the one hand, it waged tit-for-tat struggles with the enemy; Great work to prepare me for an all-out civil war when the Kuomintang reactionaries launch an all-out civil war.During the truce, the troops carried out reorganization and demobilization work and military and political training as the main training exercise.

According to the decision of the military region, the Fifth Regiment of the Teaching Second Brigade and the Independent Regiment, which were originally planned to be transferred to the Northeast from Yan'an, and the Seventh Regiment of the Second Jizhong Column (the "Huangshoufa Column") that entered the Rehe area in October 1945 Twelve, the seventy-sixth, eighty-first regiments and the independent second corps were transferred from Rehe to Shacheng and incorporated into our Jizhong column (the sixty-second and seventy-second regiments of the former Jizhong second column into the Jireliao Military Region); and transferred the 11th Brigade Headquarters and its 33rd Regiment and the 38th Regiment of the original 13th Brigade to return to the Jizhong area to persist in the struggle, and belonged to the Jizhong Military Region.

It turns out that my Jizhong column is all soldiers from Jizhong who are not used to fighting in the mountains. Through reorganization and integration into the troops transferred from Yan'an, my column has added some backbone forces who are familiar with mountain warfare and have the "Yan'an spirit" and good style: The Fifth Regiment of the Teaching Second Brigade in Yan'an was formed in December 1937 on the basis of the fifth company of the 685th Regiment of the 343rd Brigade of the 115th Division. The seventh and eighth teams of the fourth division.In March 1939, it was reorganized into the Fifth Regiment.The second company of the regiment is the fifth company of the 685th regiment. It was originally the second company of the fifth regiment of the second division of the Red Army's first army. It was the old Red Army company in the Jinggangshan period.After the formation of the regiment, it was active in the Pingshan and Lingshou areas, and repeatedly attacked the Japanese invaders. Especially in August 1940, it regained Niangziguan. Zhu Huaibing's battle.In 1943, when the Kuomintang launched the third anti-communist upsurge and surrounded our Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region with heavy troops, in order to defend the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, they marched continuously for 45 days in July 1943 and entered the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In the Ganning-Ningxia Border Region, it was compiled as the Fifth Regiment of the Second Teaching Brigade.

After Japan surrendered, they marched northeast from Yan'an in September 1945, and entered near Zhangjiakou in December.The Independent Regiment was based on the guard company of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region formed by the expansion of the second platoon of the 115th Division Guard Company in January 1938, and expanded into an independent battalion in May 1942. In April 1943, it was incorporated into the government security brigade of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region and expanded into an independent regiment.In July 1943, the regiment and the fifth regiment went to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to defend Yan'an, and were organized as the Second Teaching Brigade, which was still an independent regiment.After Japan surrendered, in December 1945, it entered the vicinity of Zhangjiakou together with the Fifth Regiment, and this reorganization was also incorporated into our Jizhong Column.After reorganization, in June 1946, our Jizhong Column was officially named the Third Column of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army. The commander and political commissar were still Yang Chengwu and me; the twelfth brigade it belonged to was changed to the seventh brigade. Jurisdiction over the 31st, 34th, and 35th regiments was changed to the 19th, 20th, and 21st regiments.The thirteenth brigade was changed to the eighth brigade, and the thirty-second, thirty-seventh, and thirty-ninth regiments under its jurisdiction were changed to the twenty-second, twenty-third, and twenty-fourth regiments.

At the same time as the reorganization, the army carried out demobilization work, and demobilized comrades who were old and weak and had difficulties in family life and returned to their hometowns to participate in production.At this time, there were many ideological problems in the army, because in the early stage of reorganization, the military region issued 20,000 to 30,000 "honorably discharged" badges, and the planned demobilization was too large, which greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of the army. After queuing up, truthfully reporting the situation to the higher authorities, and repeated verification, it was finally determined that more than 10,000 people were demobilized. Although it was much less than the original plan, some elite soldiers and cadres were still inappropriately demobilized, which once affected the mood of the cadres and soldiers.In addition, it was determined that some cadres would return to Hebei to work, and some cadres had a strong sense of locality and wanted to return to Hebei, but the organization confirmed that they would stay; He is willing to stay in the main force, but the organization is sure that he will return to Jizhong, and there are many contradictions. Cadres come to talk to him all day long. This is indeed a difficult ideological task.Because party committees at all levels attach great importance to reorganization work, leading cadres do ideological work one by one to stabilize their emotions, and basically meet the requirements of "those who leave are happy, and those who stay are at ease". From January to April 1946, our column combined with the reorganization of the troops and carried out political training. Aiming at the peaceful illusions, regional concepts and various individualistic thoughts of some comrades, we launched an educational campaign centered on defending the fruits of the people's victory.Through the education of the situation, tasks, and memory of bitterness, the commanders and fighters realized that no matter during the Ten Years of Agrarian Revolutionary War or the Eight Years of War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek always wanted to impose war on the revolutionary people, and that the people must have every inch of power. If you seize, you must win.We can know his present by looking at his past; we can know his future by looking at his past and present.We should not be fooled by his few "peace" slogans and promises. We must see from his various crimes since the victory of the War of Resistance, with the support of U.S. imperialism, that he robbed me of the fruits of the eight-year bloody war of resistance. Now Chiang Kai-shek We are already sharpening our knives. If we do not sharpen our bayonets as soon as possible, we will not be able to defend the fruits of our victory.Through education, the troops have improved their understanding of the nature of the U.S.-Chiang reactionaries, further established the concept of combat readiness and the idea of ​​field combat, and are ready to deal with the aggression of the U.S. and Chiang Kai-shek at any time.At this time, the reduction of rent and interest, the struggle against rape and hegemony, and the production movement carried out by the localities, especially the "cannibalization" offensive and land reform movement against the Kuomintang reactionary army in the liberated areas, more practically promoted the progress and improvement of the political and ideological aspects of the troops. . In the political training, in order to inspire fighting spirit, we held a meeting of heroes and models of the whole column, commended and rewarded 22 meritorious units and 77 heroes and models who emerged in the battle of marching into Suiyuan, and awarded the 30th The Fourth Company of the Fourth Regiment and the First Company of the Thirty-fifth Regiment are the "Yixian Company", the fourth company of the Thirty-sixth Regiment is the "Guangling Company", and the seventh company of the Thirty-eighth Regiment is the "Model Company". The honorable title has set a model for units and individuals to learn from.At that time, the army had just been reorganized, and personnel came from all over the world. There were many new cadres, especially those at the grassroots level.Therefore, through the Heroes and Models Conference, we specially set up the old platoon leader Gao Yonglai as a model of leading and loving soldiers, and launched the "Learning Gao Yonglai Movement".Gao Yonglai was a platoon leader in the former Ninth Division. He fought bravely, took the lead in battle, was brave and tenacious, and disregarded personal safety to cover the soldiers. He was a fighting hero; He is considerate and thoughtful; he is strict in training and patiently inducing, and his training results are also very good. Therefore, he is deeply loved by soldiers. In such a difficult environment of marching and fighting, no one in the whole platoon deserted.The leaders of the column set up Gao Yonglai as a model of leading and loving soldiers, introduced his deeds and experience of leading soldiers at the Hero Model Conference, and awarded him a big silk banner with the words "Model Loving Soldiers", and used Gao Yonglai as a model to promote respect and love. The in-depth development of the military movement.This has played a great role in consolidating the troops and promoting training. In May 1946, on the basis of the achievements in reorganization and political training, our column began to carry out troop training mainly based on military training.In the early stage of training, due to over-emphasis on "regularization" and opposition to guerrilla habits, too many standard coaches were caught, and problems were corrected immediately after they were discovered.The company paid close attention to the three major techniques of shooting, assassination, and bombing, as well as the tactical training of individual soldiers, squads, and platoons, and used morning exercises to conduct some standard queue training to strengthen the organization and discipline of the troops. The column concentrated its main energy on training cadres above the battalion level, learning contract tactics, and combined with the experience and lessons of the Suiyuan operation, learned Chairman Mao's thoughts on "war of annihilation" and "war of movement".The brigades also trained company and platoon cadres in rotation during this period.At the same time, the troops also carried out offensive and defensive tactical exercises according to the combat plan for defending Zhangjiakou. Our column took advantage of the truce period to reorganize and politically and militaryly reorganize the troops, so that the military and political quality and combat effectiveness of the troops have been significantly improved, and the combat readiness has been gradually strengthened.This played a major role in crushing the large-scale offensive of the Kuomintang reactionaries and completing previous combat tasks.