Chapter 25 Flexible strategy and tactics

Armed struggle is the main form of struggle in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Whether engaged in military, political or mass work, it is inseparable from armed struggle and the center of anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare. All must have a certain degree of military literacy in order to become useful in both literature and openness. talent.The Anti-Japanese University is a military school for cultivating anti-Japanese military and political cadres. Therefore, Comrade Mao Zedong included "flexible and maneuverable strategies and tactics" in the educational policy of the Anti-Japanese University. Victory at last.

In the autumn of 1936, Comrade Mao Zedong gave a speech "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War" in the first phase of the Anti-Japanese University, which comprehensively and systematically summed up the experience of the Agrarian Revolutionary War; The two important military works "Strategic Issues of Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Warfare" and "On Protracted Warfare" pointed out the correct path for the development of anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare and the bright prospect of final victory.These works of Comrade Mao Zedong come from the struggle practice of the masses, and are the crystallization of collective wisdom. They are easy to understand and easily accepted by the masses.Therefore, the Anti-Japanese University has always regarded it as a compulsory course in military education, and organized students to study it carefully and understand Mao Zedong's military strategic thinking.

In order to send more cadres to the front line, the Anti-Japanese University attaches great importance to the military training of the students. Whether it is a military team or a political team, they must learn basic military knowledge and military command.Military education content: technical training is mainly to learn the structure and performance of weapons and the five major technologies of shooting, bombing, assassination, blasting, and fortification construction; the special technical team mainly learns professional skills such as artillery, communication, and chemical defense.In terms of tactical training, there are knowledge from individual actions to combat command of squads, platoons, companies, and battalions, as well as knowledge of topography and chemical defense; the upper cadres also have regiment, division, and army command and campaign studies, etc., which are very rich in content. , Expand the scope of military knowledge of students as much as possible, and improve military quality.

The study period of Kangda University is not long, and the content is too much, so the principles of "combining theory and practice" and "less but more refined" and "intensive teaching and more practice" are especially emphasized in teaching.In addition to organizing more extracurricular homework, each period of military courses is basically completed, and after the students have a certain military theoretical foundation, the school will organize one or two marches, camping or combat exercises according to the actual situation.There are many forms of exercises, including offensive or defensive platoons, companies, and battalions, marching, camping, or fighting under various harsh weather conditions; special emphasis is placed on night-time training and exercises to adapt to the environment of guerrilla warfare.In mid-July, 1938, when the fourth batch of students from the main school graduated, the school took advantage of the opportunity when the first brigade and the second brigade switched defenses, and organized a "squad" with the participation of the second detachment of the first brigade and the second brigade. In the context of the regiment "Encounters of the Vanguard Battalion" exercise.The second brigade marched from Yan'an to Wayaobao, called the "South Army"; the second detachment of the first brigade marched from Wayaobao to Yan'an, called the "Northern Army".During the march of more than 100 kilometers along the way, the two armies practiced marching organization, camping arrangement, enemy situation reconnaissance, battlefield security and other subjects. Finally, the two sides met in Panlong Town and conducted encounters, offensive, defensive and withdrawal battles, and Exercises of political agitation in various situations.Through this actual military exercise involving more than 1,000 people, it not only checked and assessed the academic performance of the students in a situation close to actual combat, but also cultivated and improved the ability of military instructors to organize teaching and actual military exercises.

Comrade Mao Zedong taught everyone in the first lectures of the Anti-Japanese University: "Reading is learning, using it is also learning, and it is more important learning. Learning war from war-this is our main method." ("Mao Zedong Selected Works" No. Volume 1, page 165) Since then, Kangshiba has regarded learning in battle and fighting in learning as an important learning method.The main school and each branch school learn in the environment of frequent anti-"sweeping" and anti-friction battles. After each battle, they sum up experience and lessons to achieve the further goal of fighting a battle.Once, the Japanese army "mopped up" the sixth branch school in the Taihang Mountains. Yao Jiming, the director of education of the branch school, and Xing Yimin, secretary of the general party branch of the school, led a platoon to ambush the enemy in Liucaogou to cover the transfer of the branch school.This platoon occupied a favorable terrain in Mizoguchi. When the enemy entered the ambush circle, they fought fiercely.They fought for 20 minutes and caused great damage to the enemy; they should have withdrawn immediately, but the comrades were so happy that they didn't want to withdraw. The troops were surrounded and came up. Fortunately, the comrades found out and broke through with all their strength. Although there were no major casualties, a few comrades were injured and managed to break out of the encirclement and catch up with the team.After the war, the No. 6 Branch School earnestly summed up the experience and lessons of this battle, making everyone more deeply aware of the characteristics of offensive tactics when the enemy is strong and we are weak, and the importance of strictly executing combat orders.At dawn on September 27, 1939, the commander of the 31st Battalion of the Eighth Independent Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army stationed in Shijiazhuang, Tanaka Shōsaburo personally led more than 1,000 Japanese and puppet troops, passing through the mountain trail from Ciyu Sneak attack on my Chenzhuang.It so happened that at this time, the first team and the third team of our second branch school were having a "small whistle class" in Toudaogou, southeast of Chenzhuang.Combining actual organizational observations, they suddenly discovered the enemy's situation, immediately organized firepower to block and delay the enemy, retreated while fighting, and called the police to Chenzhuang, so that the people of Chenzhuang and the rear organs could be safely transferred, avoiding heavy losses.Afterwards, the main force of the 120th Division and the troops from the 4th Division arrived and set up an ambush on the enemy's retreat route. After fierce fighting, they wiped out this group of enemies and achieved brilliant results.On November 7, 1939, the Japanese army took advantage of the opportunity when our main force was concentrated in Huangtuling, Laiyuan to encircle and annihilate the enemy, and suddenly dispatched to attack our rear institutions stationed in Shennan Township.The First Brigade of the Second Branch of our Anti-Japanese University was tasked with blocking the enemy.Team leader Zhan Caifang and political commissar Li Zhongquan commanded the cadet team to stick to the outskirts of Shennan Town, fighting fiercely with the enemy for two days and one night, and did not withdraw from the battle until they successfully completed the cover task.Due to the well-trained members of our Anti-University, dozens of enemies were killed and injured in the battle, but I only sacrificed four comrades including Zhu Jinxiang and injured more than ten people. I won a big victory at a small price.

Through education and training, the Anti-Japanese University has enabled students to gradually master Mao Zedong's military thinking, learn to use flexible strategies and tactics, and send them to various battlefields after graduation, sending batches of combat backbones with certain military literacy to the troops.Many comrades, such as Luo Ronghuan, Peng Xuefeng, Zhou Jianping, Chen Guang, Zhou Shidi, Chen Geng, Luo Binghui, Wang Shusheng and many other veterans who had been tempered by the Northern Expedition and the Agrarian Revolutionary War, returned to the front line after graduation, galloped in the anti-Japanese battlefield, and made repeated military exploits; Those who sacrificed at the front line added glory to the Anti-Japanese War with their enthusiasm and heroic deeds.Many revolutionary educated youths grew from "common people" to revolutionary soldiers after the Anti-Japanese War, and they were tempered and grown in the flames of war. Many comrades became excellent military commanders and political cadres, and contributed to the victory of the revolutionary war.