Chapter 5 Chapter Four: Working in Shaanxi

After Ma Mingfang returned to Yan'an from Xinjiang, he served as the deputy secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After December 1948, he also served as the secretary of the Southern Shanxi Working Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the founding of New China, at the end of 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central People's Government appointed Ma Mingfang as Chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government, and the Central Military Commission appointed him as the first political commissar of the Shaanxi Military Region. In January 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Ma Mingfang as Secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In January 1950, the whole province of Shaanxi was liberated.The situation at that time was exciting on the one hand.On the other hand, there is devastation everywhere, and a lot of waste is waiting to be done. The tasks before the provincial party committee and the provincial government are complex and arduous.The old revolutionary base area was traumatized by the war, and its vitality has not yet recovered; the new liberated area was once the base for the Kuomintang to encircle the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area for a long time, and suffered from excessive expropriation and expropriation, and the people were in dire straits.In addition, after the Battle of Fumei, when the enemy fled, they looted and looted everywhere. To the west of Xianyang and to the south of the Qinling Mountains, there was a lot of trouble.The reactionary remnants of the Kuomintang, bandits, and spies fled to Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi, and parts of Yulin, continuing to cause chaos and endanger the people; floods, droughts, frost, hail and other natural disasters occurred one after another in many areas.

On January 10, 1950, Ma Mingfang said in his inauguration speech at the inaugural ceremony of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government: What lies ahead of us is to heal the wounds of war, organize finances, restore and develop industries, and carry out various democratic reforms in rural areas. It is quite heavy and urgent. From October 1950 to May 1951, in parts of the Guanzhong and Yulin prefectures, the rural areas with a total population of 7 million successfully completed the land reform; On the basis of a series of mass mobilization work, land reform was also completed. As early as March 23, 1950, at the Provincial Party Committee meeting, Ma Ming conveniently proposed to study policies related to land reform, "to lay a preliminary foundation for land reform." On May 8, the Provincial Party Committee discussed the preparations for the land reform. He said: Our preparations have two aspects, one is policy, the other is cadres. suffered losses.As long as the policy is well prepared, the cadres are not trained well, and the backbone cannot be formed, so it still cannot be implemented.He also requested that the upcoming rectification movement should "organize a group of forces" for the land reform, and proposed to select four townships to carry out land reform pilot projects, mainly in Guanzhong, together with southern Shaanxi and Yuxie.

After the land reform began, Ma Mingfang paid close attention to the new situation and new problems in the movement, and conducted specific research and guidance. In December 1950, at the meeting held by the Provincial Land Reform Committee and the Weinan Special Area Land Reform Committee, he listened to the reports and discussions of the cadres who went to the countryside to participate in the land reform, and found a relatively serious and universal problem (at this time, the first phase of the land reform was in the One-third of Guanzhong area, 800 townships, 2 million people), wrote the article "On the Two Positions and Two Sets of Practices of Mass Work in the Land Reform" and published it in the "People's Daily" to prevent the budding The deviation affects the development of the entire movement.The article praises such an approach: to explain and explain the land reform policy with the problems that farmers are familiar with and urgently demand to solve.Combine the work of propaganda and explanation with a series of work such as mobilizing the masses, opposing bully landlords, bandit spies, and Yiguandao reactionary sects.As a result, the peasant association has been rectified, activists and cadres have been cultivated, and the leadership core and peasant contingent have been in general shape.In contrast, he criticized another practice, that is, starting from the documents and subjective wishes, the formalistic work method of taking over and replacing them, empty meetings, reciting the land reform documents endlessly, lengthy and taking turns to make speeches, and ramblings. plan and more.He pointed out that when using this method to publicize policies, hold meetings, reorganize the organization, and carry out other tasks related to land reform, it cannot play the role of organizing and mobilizing the masses. The language of cadres is always not understood and accepted by the masses. Talking empty words will not solve the problem.Ma Mingfang's article played an important guiding role in the healthy development of the first phase of land reform.

Whether the land reform movement in the Guanzhong area can develop healthily has a great relationship with all aspects of work, and is of great significance to the consolidation of the political power and the liberation of productive forces at that time.Ma Mingfang has devoted a lot of energy to this.At that time, 90% of the personnel who participated in the land reform were new cadres and lacked experience.In order to make steady progress, each county will carry out the project in three phases, taking the township as the unit.Most of the provincial, prefectural, and county government leaders were sent to the first phase of front-line work.Ma Mingfang, who is also the main leader of the party and government, receives visitors, listens to reports, and gives specific guidance day and night. At the beginning of 1951, the land reform movement, the suppression of counter-revolutionary movements, and the work of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea were carried out at the same time. In January, the first phase of land reform in various places was completed one after another. On February 1, Ma Mingfang presided over an enlarged meeting of the Provincial Party Committee to summarize and arrange the work of the second and third phases.In May of the same year, all land reforms in the Guanzhong area were completed.Ma Mingfang extensively studied the relevant materials, moved to Yaowangdong, closed the door for a week, and wrote the article "Summary of Land Reform in Guanzhong Area and Rural Work Tasks after Land Reform", providing leadership experience for the upcoming land reform in southern Shaanxi .Ma Mingfang listed a large number of facts in the article, and once again criticized the "general trend theory" and the erroneous views of purely economic interests that once appeared among people from all walks of life and department officials.Point out: Although the landlords in Guanzhong do not own much land, the sum of land rent, usury and other tyrannical occupation, additional extortion and other super-economic exploitation deprives farmers of 70-80% of their labor income.In areas that have undergone land reform, more than 3.26 million farmers, accounting for 51% of the total population, have obtained benefits in terms of land, food, and debt abolition.The enthusiasm of the peasants was high, and they fought repeatedly against the landlord class from all aspects, confiscating more than 13,000 reactionary armed guns.Practice has proved that without overthrowing the oppression of the landlord class, the peasants cannot stand up, and only through actual struggles can the peasants' consciousness be greatly improved.The purely economic point of view and the "theory of the general trend" that the landlords obey the land reform are obviously groundless.

On September 26 of the same year, Ma Mingfang met with cadres from the Northwest Region who had gone to the countryside to participate in the land reform, and gave an impromptu speech.He said: After liberation and before the land reform, farmers were relieved of the oppression of the Kuomintang bureaucracy, their burdens were reasonable and they obtained the benefits of rent reduction. Their production sentiment and political enthusiasm improved a lot, but that was still limited, and the land reform brought about The changes are huge and incomparable.No matter in production or in suppressing rebellion, resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, joining the army, studying political culture, and participating in political power construction, they all have remarkable positive performances.For example, in the movement to join the army, some counties gathered one or two thousand people in three to five days; in many places, most of the wheat fields were hoeed by women; activists emerged in large numbers; rural political power was generally transformed.These are unprecedented, fully proving that only through land reform can the victory of the people's revolution be consolidated, rural productive forces be liberated, agricultural production be developed, and the goal of opening the way for China's industrialization be achieved.

When analyzing some of the favorable conditions for the success of the land reform in the Guanzhong area, he said: Although there are fewer landlords in Guanzhong, there are more than 185,000.In order to eliminate such a class and abolish an old system that has been inherited for thousands of years, it is definitely not something that individual leading units or a few units or business departments can do. It is necessary to mobilize tens of thousands of people under the unified leadership of the party. Only when cadres mobilize the broad masses can it be completed.The reason why the land reform in Guanzhong can be successfully completed is because of the concentration of all efforts.The minister of the provincial party committee and the director of the provincial government often have a dozen or so individuals to give specific guidance below.Various agencies also dispatched many cadres to participate, and staff at the prefectural and county levels were more thorough.The Northwest Region has also sent many cadres.In short, a land reform cadre team of more than 13,000 people was organized, which is an important condition for the success of the land reform.Ma Mingfang also reviewed the lessons of history.He said: In the past, after the land reform in some places in the old areas, the peasants' production was not strong (referring to the land reform in some places after the liberation war began-the author), because the movement hurt their own people.The success of the land reform in Guanzhong is because of this lesson.No matter in the class division or in the struggle, the vitality of the masses was not hurt, but the enthusiasm of the peasants was promoted.A notable fact during and after the land reform in Guanzhong was that the peasants' production sentiment soared.

The disaster of 1949 spread to 1950.As soon as the spring of this year began, famines appeared to varying degrees in various parts of the province.Part of it is caused by war, so disaster relief work is also an aspect of healing the wounds of war.At that time, there were serious famines in Baoji and Xianyang; there were also disasters in Yulin; the disasters in southern Shaanxi were more extensive, and severe cases of illness and starvation occurred in some places.In Ziyang, Langao and other Bashan areas, bandits were rampant, robbing property and killing district and township cadres, which aggravated the difficulties of the people.

Ma Mingfang reported at the second meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee in July 1950 that after the establishment of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government, it first encountered a relatively serious famine problem within the province.This spring, there were more than 700,000 disaster victims in the province, and more than 2.164 million food-deficient households. This situation requires us to clearly define the work policy of "centering on production and disaster relief". When new disasters emerged one after another in various places, Ma Mingfang made a decisive decision and determined the focus of his work. On February 20, before the Provincial Party Committee could study it, he directly instructed the Baoji Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China to transfer the work to production and disaster relief.On the same day, the Provincial Party Committee accepted Ma Mingfang's opinion and issued "Instructions on the Current Work of the Center".He pointed out that, except for certain areas in the province where the banditry situation is more serious (such as some areas near Bashan in southern Shaanxi), the work of suppressing bandits should still be emphasized, and other localities must immediately shift their work to focus on production and disaster relief. , and properly combine the work of anti-hegemony, suppression of bandits, and public security.It would be a mistake to juxtapose or subordinate this work to other work.

The instructions also require: Party committees at all levels must mobilize all forces to mobilize and organize the masses for production and disaster relief.All the material resources urgently needed for spring production are put into production and reproduction; water and land repair, field ridge repair, pest control, and various sideline productions are to be organized; production and wealth promotion, unimpeded rural loans, and resolutely moving the middle peasants during the land reform, etc. policy.In production and disaster relief, we should organically cooperate with work such as fighting hegemony, suppressing bandits, and suppressing special forces, and make these work conducive to production and disaster relief.

Ma Mingfang also said at the second meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee: We will unify production and disaster relief, and do everything possible to organize the victims of disasters into production. Various policies, such as lending, employment and other policies.When these policies were gradually issued, the rural loan relationship became active, and with the aid of food relief, agricultural loans, and purchases of local and mountain products, the famine was basically resolved. After five months of intensive production and disaster relief activities, the whole province has basically passed the agricultural shortage, and the production mood of the masses is quite strong.According to the statistics of the 32 counties in Guanzhong at that time, 87% of the wheat fields were hoed. In 20 counties, 300,000 mu of cotton fields were expanded, plowed twice, and fertilization was sufficient.The government and farmers have worked together to expand the area of ​​water and land. The Luohui Canal alone has expanded irrigation by 100,000 mu. The Han, Bao, and Hua canals in southern Shaanxi are actively renovating.There was a long drought and no rain in the summer that year, which threatened the growth of cotton seedlings and the sowing of autumn fields. The provincial government immediately issued small water conservancy loans of tens of billions (the currency value at that time was equivalent to several million yuan now), and 60,000 yuan for repairing wells in the Yijing irrigation area in Guanzhong. Eye.In that year, the province expanded its irrigated area by more than 300,000 mu. The production practice has fully proved that the policy of "focusing on production and disaster relief" in the spring of the Provincial Party Committee is completely correct. Ma Mingfang said: The most politically and economically meaningful event in the past five months is the time when the various policies of our people's government have been widely and deeply understood by the masses in the practice of production. This is the most extensive communication between the people's government and the masses. Ma Mingfang always deploys work around the infrastructure issue of whether it is conducive to the development of production.Until the recovery period of the national economy, production was still dominated by agricultural production.As early as during the War of Liberation, he said at a meeting of the county party committee secretary in the Yan’an area: During the war, everything is for the victory of the war, and production is also for the victory of the war. We must use every possibility to speed up production and support the front; When it is over, production cannot stop. Without production, there is nothing. When the famine occurs, he also considers the problem of production in this way.When the land reform in Guanzhong greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers, he was very happy and sang praises for "liberating rural productive forces, achieving the development of agricultural production, and opening the way for China's industrialization". When discussing the issue of industrial investment at the provincial committee meeting on July 13, 1951, Ma Mingfang said: In the three years of 1951, 1952, and 1953, our main force will be used in the construction of agricultural production.His guiding ideology based on agriculture is clear. In the three years from 1950 to 1952, the province's grain increased by 7-9% every year, cotton doubled, agricultural and sideline production increased by about 20% every year, and large and small livestock also returned to pre-war levels. At the end of 1950 and 1951, the province's agricultural production conferences were held to summarize the experience of the year and deploy the work for the next year.Ma Mingfang made a summary report at the two meetings respectively.In his first summary report, he further elaborated that doing a good job in agricultural production is the most important part of developing the economy and changing the appearance of the rural economy.He pointed out: The purpose of the revolution is to liberate the productive forces, and the purpose of production is to meet the needs of the people's material and spiritual life.Labor production is always as bright as the sun, great and long-lasting.At the same time, it is pointed out that if land reform and many tasks in the countryside are separated from the purpose of production, it will violate the great truth of Marxism-Leninism about "labor creates value" and "labor creates the world", and it will be divorced from the masses.He criticized the erroneous views of some comrades who regarded grain requisition and land reform as hard tasks and leading production as soft tasks.Point out: who can not eat?Agricultural production is the foundation and the lifeblood, and we cannot relax at any time. In his two summary reports, he discussed the relationship between science and technology and production, and pointed out that improving the level of science and technology in agricultural production is an important condition for increasing production.Production promotes the development of science and technology, and science and technology bring prosperity to production. Due to insufficient knowledge of science and technology, we are subject to many restrictions in the development of agriculture.Therefore, specialized talents with science and technology are very valuable, and they must be cherished and cultivated.He also pointed out that science and technology departments must be integrated with production and administrative departments.The combination of science and technology and production can play a role. The administrative department is the hub of this combination. If the administrative department does not pay attention to this combination, does not organize this combination, and does not give active support to this combination, it is a dereliction of duty; if three If they are separated from each other, science and technology will become useless or of little use.He cited that some places have chemical fertilizers but they don’t use them or use them improperly, resulting in adverse consequences; because the masses don’t know how to choose suitable soil and fertilizers, good varieties become useless; farmers don’t know how to prevent and control pests and diseases and suffer losses, etc. Specific examples to illustrate this issue repeatedly.He demanded that the technical and scientific knowledge already mastered, such as seed selection, fertilization, water conservancy repair, irrigation, control and elimination of pests and diseases, etc., must be organized and carefully promoted in the mass production movement in 1952.It is hoped that scientific and technological personnel will use their talents in the front line of production to serve production and the people; at the same time, farmers and scientific and technological personnel should be educated to make continuous progress in the large classroom of production practice, continuously achieve new results, and promote the growth of production .He called on administrative personnel to work hard to learn scientific and technological knowledge, and strive to become cadres with preliminary professional scientific knowledge and technology within three to five years.He pointed out that we should not always stick to the old ways, otherwise we will not be able to lead production and our work will not be able to advance. Ma Mingfang talked about mutual assistance and cooperation at the two agricultural production conferences.He said that the purpose of mutual aid cooperation and labor transformation organizations is to use labor, farm tools, and animal power more rationally, and organize the remaining part of the labor force more reasonably to sideline production and supply and marketing work that is closely related to agricultural production.Labor mutual aid and job change organizations should follow the principle of voluntariness and mutual benefit, adopt the method of helping relatives, neighbors helping neighbors, and focus on establishing them.The organization and habits of the "Tang Generals' Team" among the masses in southern Shaanxi can be properly promoted and improved.Voluntary small-scale labor change organizations should be promoted.He pointed out: In some places in Guanzhong, dozens of people or even the whole village collectively plowed, hoeed, and transported manure, all of which failed due to waste of manpower, rough practices, delayed farming time, and not suitable for the specific situation of a decentralized small-scale peasant economy.At the second agricultural production conference, regarding the fact that there were a few relatively high-level agricultural cooperative organizations in the old areas of northern Shaanxi at that time, he pointed out that: agricultural cooperative organizations must be established on the basis of voluntary mutual benefit, work-based accounting, democratic management, and private ownership of land and property. basis.He also pointed out that it is necessary to oppose agricultural socialism, forced orders and formalism, because these all play a role in hindering and destroying production. At the meeting, he also emphasized the turnover of materials and the organization of rural supply and marketing cooperatives.He said: In addition to the promotion of commodity grains in the province, among the more than 200 kinds of agricultural and sideline products, the value that farmers need to sell as commodities after direct consumption can be equivalent to 2.8 billion catties of wheat.This obviously occupies an important place in the rural economy.The supply and marketing work in the countryside is an extremely important link to stimulate production, activate the rural economy, and communicate the relationship between urban and rural areas.He said: All professional companies should vigorously operate, organize private business, absorb hot money, and work together, and commercial organizations should give business guidelines guidance.He pointed out that it is necessary to organize rural supply and marketing cooperatives to effectively sell various agricultural products and supply farmers with necessities for production and life. The province's supply and marketing cooperatives developed rapidly. By 1953, supply and marketing cooperatives were established in townships, and some large villages also established such organizations, which facilitated the masses and were welcomed by the majority of farmers. When the Kuomintang army retreated from Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, many secret agents and reactionary armed forces were hidden, known as the "100,000 underground army".They colluded with habitual bandits and gang reactionaries, carried out open sabotage and covert struggle, and constantly destroyed the grassroots regime and the local people; there was a reactionary armed force in Yulin, which haunted the border between Mongolia and Han, and was rampant for a while. Before March 1950, after suppressing and mobilizing the masses, most of the bandits were wiped out or crushed, but there were still some bandits who were unwilling to fail and perish, and continued to harass and destroy. On September 7, Ma Mingfang said at the Provincial Committee: September and October are important periods for us to suppress bandits, and we must concentrate our efforts on it.He analyzed: The reasons for the rampant banditry are: first, our army participated in more production; second, political negligence and insensitivity, and insufficient ideological preparation.He pointed out: Now the bandits are organized and experienced, but there are still loopholes in our work.He announced the formation of a joint bandit suppression headquarters in the west of the Qinling Mountains, with Dong Cecheng, the deputy commander of the Baoji Military Division, as the party secretary of the headquarters, and the county Party committee secretaries of Zhouzhi, Meixian, and Baoji counties as members. On October 1st, National Day, Ma Mingfang published the article "Overcoming Paralyzed Thoughts", pointing out: Among our comrades, there is an intolerable phenomenon of paralysis and negligence, and we are not vigilant against the enemy.He said: Fufeng, Qishan, and Meixian prison robbery cases occurred one after another, sporadic bandit activities, open and secret, landlords, bullies, hooligans, and Yiguandao’s rumors and deceptions, the property of the country and people in some places was robbed, cadres and the masses One of the most important reasons for these unfortunate incidents was that we lost our vigilance against the enemy, were satisfied with the victories we had achieved, and ignored the activities of sporadic and hidden enemy agents.It's because some of us have pacifist views, hedonistic thoughts, and pride in our heads. On October 20, the Provincial Party Committee listened to the report again and discussed the issue of suppressing counter-revolutionary activities.Ma Mingfang pointed out: The enemy is connected, led and organized. They cooperate with each other in covert activities and open sabotage. They use some backward groups and sects as cover in society; they also get in touch with some reactionary old soldiers, bullies, landlords, and hooligans. , to destroy.Therefore, solving this problem is not a simple matter. We need to combine various methods and do hard work.Be vigilant and meticulous, so that everyone's minds are clear.After the war, it was natural for this problem to arise in places like Guanzhong, because this was once Hu Zongnan's counter-revolutionary base.Our problem is the loss of vigilance ideologically and politically; the masses are not mobilized systematically, only bit by bit.Therefore, our land reform should focus on Guanzhong.At present, we must continue to be familiar with the enemy's covert activities, study major cases, and strengthen internal and external reconnaissance.Handling of sabotage, political cases is paramount.But don't be alarmed.For some cases that have not been clarified, try to achieve a combination with land reform.At present, the bandits are still being suppressed, and the fugitives must be thoroughly pursued and eliminated.If this work is not done well, it will be difficult to do a good job in the work of the masses; of course, if the work of the masses is not done well, it will be difficult to make the work of suppressing bandits go smoothly. From the second half of 1949 to the end of 1950, more than 30,000 reactionary armed forces were eliminated, 108 cases of latent spy riots were cracked, more than 1,000 spies were arrested, and a large number of weapons, ammunition, Radio stations, documents, etc., controlled and sentenced more than 8,000 bandits and counter-revolutionaries, and registered more than 11,000 key members of the Kuomintang party group. The Yiguandao reactionary sect was also banned, and the social order gradually stabilized. In March 1950, Peng Dehuai, first secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, called for a clean and simple style of work and opposed corruption and waste.The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China responded immediately and made specific deployments, which achieved certain results.In May of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Bureau instructed to launch a struggle against bureaucracy and commandism.On the basis of fighting against bad tendencies, Shaanxi Province has further carried out the struggle against bureaucracy.Ma Mingfang gave many instructions and speeches on issues such as opposing bureaucracy, commandism, and violation of law and discipline at the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Military and Political Committee meeting.He first pointed out: Since entering the city, bureaucratism and commandism have grown up in some of our leading organs and leading comrades in a peaceful domestic environment. , harming the interests of the people has become the biggest danger in the current work.The manifestations of bureaucracy are various. The most important ones are being divorced from reality and the masses, lacking the spirit of seeking truth from facts, acting as officials and lords, aloof from the top, and unwilling to do hard organizational work.The expansion of bureaucracy has also covered and helped the spread of lawlessness and lawlessness of commandism.so that it cannot be detected and stopped in time.Bureaucracy is a cancer left over from the old society. If we do not perform "operation" decisively, it will surely kill us.He called for a general top-to-bottom struggle against bureaucracy, to expose it, to "cut" it, in order to preserve our healthy organism.The first step is to start by checking the current work, see which work is done well, which work is not done well, and which work is broken, analyze the reasons, and find out the solution.The method is to focus on key points, grasp major and important cases, combine leaders with the masses, conduct top-down and bottom-up criticism and self-criticism, thoroughly "take off your pants", do not cover up your ugliness, do not cover up, and do not protect your weaknesses.The policy is to "learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones, cure illnesses and save patients", strictly abide by the law and discipline, and distinguish right from wrong.For those corrupt and hopeless elements, we must resolutely pull them down and give them the punishment they deserve. Otherwise, we will not be able to educate and save the cadres.In the struggle against bureaucracy, it must be closely integrated with the current work and make it a driving force for the advancement of our work. If we fight against bureaucracy in isolation and lose the current work, it is bureaucracy itself.All party members and cadres should devote themselves to this struggle, and cannot stand by and do nothing because they think there is no problem.At the same time, it is pointed out that anti-bureaucracy is a long-term struggle, which requires long-term education and frequent inspections, but in a certain period of time, inspections must be carried out intensively to avoid future troubles.From 1950 to 1953, the province conducted two large-scale inspections, which revealed and resolved many problems.Ma Mingfang visited grassroots units several times and took the lead in self-criticism. He took the initiative to assume the leadership responsibilities that should be borne, and set an example for everyone.He emphasized that: Seeking truth from facts and keeping close contact with the masses are the main contents of the rectification, opposing empty artillery, air-to-air, loud thunder and little rain.Solving practical problems, advancing work, and improving style of work must be the criteria for acceptance. On July 4, 1951, Ma Mingfang spoke on the issue of party consolidation at the first organizational work conference in Shaanxi Province.This meeting conveyed the resolution on party consolidation and Liu Shaoqi's report of the first national organizational work conference held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Ma Mingfang said: The meeting of the Central Committee is the first nationwide meeting to systematically reorganize and build our party. We must complete this work safely and with the best results. Before and after this, Ma Mingfang pointed out many times that the Shaanxi party organization has two weak links. One is that the democratic life is not enough, and the other is that the ideological and political level of party members is not high.He said: Many of our meetings lack sufficient preparation and serious discussions. They are often mere formality, lack of vitality, and have no good results. Fundamentally speaking, they are inseparable from the abnormality of democratic life.We should pay special attention to democratic life within the party. For party committee and standing committee meetings to become our regular system, we must strengthen the party committee system and carry out criticism and self-criticism. He said: The problems mentioned in Comrade Liu Shaoqi's report and in the discussion with you are not new, and there were similar problems and shortcomings in the past.There is still a tendency among our party members not to seek progress, saying something like "a cow on 30 mu of land, and a wife and baby on a kang." This is a reflection of the small peasant economic thinking in the party. The ideological behavior of the exploiting class is obvious and easy for people to discover, but it can also corrupt the party, and it is dangerous to develop. Ma Mingfang said that rectifying and overcoming shortcomings in our party's work is a meticulous work of educating party members.Through party rectification, it is not only necessary to rectify and purify the party organization, but more importantly, it is necessary to improve the political awareness and ideological level of party members in the actual struggle.Every party member must constantly review his own thinking and work, conduct self-criticism, and at the same time help his comrades in comrades to conduct comradely criticism, so that everyone can carry forward the progressive aspects, overcome the backward aspects, and keep moving forward. This is the method and method of party consolidation. Purpose. He emphasized: The eight standards of party members cannot be discounted. This is a general matter of principle and there can be no exceptions.Some people say: What if some old party members are not qualified enough?Not enough conditions to wash.But you can't cut off a cut that is not enough size like a tailor.Those who are not qualified should be educated. After criticism, education, and help, their faults will be eliminated.Many people have to go through such steps.For repeated teachings that are ineffective and still remain the same after waiting for a period of time, they need to be cleaned up.If some conditions are not met, ask him to declare his withdrawal from the Party. Some comrades believe that the eight conditions are too high, and it will be impossible to build a party in the future.He pointed out that this understanding is wrong.As long as we care about the affairs of the country and the people, we will be admitted as members of the Communist Party with the qualifications of being a party member. The conditions must be created and cultivated by us. Activists can create conditions for some Communist Party members.Communist Party members will not emerge like water. With such conditions, we still need to do a lot of concrete education work on Marxism-Leninism.Therefore, it is very necessary to educate party members and activists in terms of communism and Marxism-Leninism.Just being a good person, being honest and sincere, and working hard cannot become a member of the Communist Party. Because of the nature of the Communist Party, the qualifications of a Communist Party member cannot simply stay at the level of ordinary good people, and the role of the vanguard of the proletariat cannot be reduced to that of ordinary good people. . He said: Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi are basically rectifying existing party members this year, cultivating activists, and creating conditions for party building; northern Shaanxi is basically a matter of general improvement. In 1952, provincial-level organs generally carried out party consolidation in accordance with the spirit of the central government, and various regions also carried out pilot work for party consolidation. As early as April 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Ma Mingfang as the third secretary of the Central Northwest Bureau. In the autumn of 1952, after Xi Zhongxun, the second secretary of the Northwest Bureau, the vice chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, and the political commissar of the Northwest Main District, was transferred to the central government, the central government successively appointed Ma Mingfang as the deputy political commissar of the Northwest Military Region, the vice chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Commission, and the deputy chairman of the Northwest Administrative Committee. .Ma Mingfang presided over the work of the Northwest Region for two full years and made important contributions to the construction of the Northwest.