Chapter 28 Chapter 8 "Whether the wind blows and the waves beat, it's better than a stroll in the garden" - the development of "two bombs and one satellite"

At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, the international struggle became increasingly fierce, and the hegemonists resorted to the policy of nuclear blackmail. The peace of the East and the entire world was threatened by nuclear war.Mao Zedong surveyed the world situation, looked forward to the future of mankind, and saw that in order to stabilize the world situation and maintain world peace, it is necessary to eliminate nuclear terror, break nuclear monopoly, and crush nuclear blackmail.For this reason, he said to a foreign guest who exaggerated the power of the atomic bomb: "No matter how powerful the atomic bomb is, it is nothing more than blown in from China and blown out from the United States. There is nothing terrible." , hydrogen bombs, intercontinental missiles, I think it is completely possible within ten years."

At that time, the domestic and international situation we faced was severe. The mistakes of the "Great Leap Forward" and the successive natural disasters caused my country's national economy to fall into a three-year difficult period, with huge losses in industrial and agricultural production, serious difficulties in people's lives, and foreign armed harassment on the border.At this time, the Soviet Union unilaterally tore up all Sino-Soviet economic and technological contracts, which made our country's economy worse and suffered serious losses.The atomic energy industry is the first to bear the brunt. Since June 1959, the Soviet side has stopped operating various equipment and refused to deliver technical materials, trying to kill China's nascent atomic energy industry in its infancy; blockade.

However, the Chinese people have never been overwhelmed by any difficulties, and have never yielded to any pressure.Facing the difficulties of internal and external troubles, we resolutely blew the clarion call to climb to the peak of cutting-edge technology. On October 30, 1962, Luo Ruiqing, Chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, submitted a report on developing my country's cutting-edge undertakings to the Party Central Committee.The report quoted the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry's idea of ​​preparing for the explosion of the atomic bomb in 1964, and suggested the establishment of a special committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to strengthen the leadership of cutting-edge undertakings.

On November 2, Deng Xiaoping commented: "It is proposed to agree and send it to the Chairman, Liu, Zhou, Zhu, and Peng for review." On November 3, Mao Zedong instructed: "Very well, do it accordingly. We must work together to do this job well." Later, Liu Shaoqi proposed at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "This matter requires the Prime Minister (referring to Comrade Zhou Enlai) to come forward." Several leading comrades of the Political Bureau agreed. Chairman Deng Xiaoping also said that your plan has been approved by Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee, and the line, principles, and policies have been determined, and now it is up to you to implement it.Go ahead and do it boldly. If you do well, it belongs to you. If you do something wrong, it belongs to our secretariat.These speeches by the central leaders have greatly encouraged scientific and technological workers.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a 15-member special committee with Zhou Enlai as its director, Vice Premiers He Long, Li Fuchun, Li Xiannian, Bo Yibo, Lu Dingyi, Nie Rongzhen, Luo Ruiqing, and heads of relevant departments of the State Council and the Central Military Commission. Development and leadership of the nuclear industry to accelerate the implementation of the atomic bomb test program. From then on, Zhou Enlai shouldered a new heavy responsibility in the midst of all kinds of opportunities-leading the creation of cutting-edge science and technology.From the establishment of the Central Special Committee in November 1962 to the explosion test of my country's first atomic bomb on October 16, 1964, Zhou Enlai personally presided over 9 meetings and solved more than 100 major problems in production, scientific research and construction in a timely manner.Under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, the scientific and technological personnel persevered and overcame all difficulties, making my country's "two bombs and one satellite" on the track of rapid development.