Chapter 23 2. Zhou Enlai led the criticism of the ultra-left trend of thought

After the "September 13th", Zhou Enlai led the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend, which began in December 1971 with the Criticism and Rectification Movement, and was forced to stop in the second half of 1973, which lasted for nearly two years.The essence of this struggle is: within the possible conditions and scope, strive to correct the mistakes of the "Cultural Revolution", prevent and reduce its damage, gradually restore the normal work of the party and the country, and make the national economy relatively stable. Get rid of the predicament and develop, arrange the people's life well.

From the end of 1971 to the first half of 1972, with the deepening of the Criticism and Rectification Movement, the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend was fully launched.The struggle in this period was concentrated in the implementation of the party's economic policy and cadre policy.Its main feature is that Zhou Enlai's consistent efforts to develop production and protect cadres since the launch of the "Cultural Revolution" are gradually being transformed into specific policies of the party, and they are beginning to be implemented and effective in actual work.

Since the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1970, Zhou Enlai has proposed many times: we must fully implement the policy of "grasping revolution and promoting production" and strive to complete and overfulfill the national plan.After the Lin Biao incident, all fronts in various places took strengthening enterprise management, restoring and establishing reasonable rules and regulations, and confidently grasping production, learning business, and drilling technology as specific steps to criticize the fallacies spread by Lin Biao and his gang in connection with reality, emphasizing on criticizing The reactionary view of short politics.

The National Planning Conference held from December 1971 to February of the following year was an important meeting to connect with the actual economic work and criticize the interference and sabotage of Lin Biao and his gang.Before the meeting, Zhou Enlai pointed out when he was listening to the report of the State Planning Commission: Now our enterprise is very chaotic and needs to be rectified.Then for the first time put forward the rectification opinion.After the meeting, the State Council presided over the drafting of the "1972 National Planning Conference Minutes", which clearly stipulated that enterprises should restore and improve seven systems including post responsibility, attendance, technical operation procedures, quality inspection, equipment management and maintenance, safety production, and economic accounting. It is necessary to grasp the seven indicators of output, variety, quality, raw material fuel power consumption, labor productivity, cost, and profit.The formulation of this document reflects Zhou Enlai's long-term desire to restore and develop production, insist on being both red and expert, and oppose short-term politics and anarchism.Although the minutes of this meeting were later denied by Zhang Chunqiao with various excuses, the guiding ideology of rectification throughout it was reflected in actual work and became the unwritten "basis" for implementing the party's various economic policies.

From the end of 1971 to May of the following year, Zhou Enlai further started with product quality to solve the chaotic situation where no one was responsible and no rules to follow. On December 26, 1971, together with Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, etc., he listened to a report on the quality of aviation industry products, and clearly pointed out that: the quality problem is a matter of line, and it is necessary to restore reasonable rules and regulations and criticize anarchism and ultra-left ideological trends.Afterwards, Zhou Enlai repeatedly gave instructions on the quality of aircraft and automobile production, repeatedly warning that quality problems must be "raised vigilance" and "put on the agenda for resolution."

In April and May of 1972, Zhou Enlai continuously caught up with the quality problems of export cans, shirts, cameras and other daily-use industrial products as well as exhibits at the Canton Fair. .According to his instructions, the State Council issued a special notice on the quality problems of related products, and called relevant personnel to conduct research to find out and analyze the causes of the problems.Through vigorous rectification, the quality of some products has been significantly improved. During the "Cultural Revolution", the ultra-left ideological trend also seriously affected the development of the rural economy, and the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers for production was greatly dampened.For this reason, after the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee of the Party, according to the spirit of Zhou Enlai's many speeches, the State Council successively convened the Northern Region Agricultural Conference, the National Cotton, Oil Plant, Sugar Plant Production Conference and the National Forestry Conference, and decided to appropriately relax rural economic policies. Individual farmers are allowed to operate a small amount of private plots and family sidelines, and production teams are allowed to have the flexibility to plant according to local conditions.In addition, the state also encourages farmers to develop production and improve their lives through policies such as raising the purchase price of some agricultural products, lowering the ex-factory price and sales price of agricultural products, and implementing a five-year grain procurement policy.This is a preliminary correction of the "Left" practices such as "one leveling and two adjustments" and "cutting the tail of capitalism" in rural areas for a long time.

In December 1971, the Party Central Committee issued an instruction on the distribution of rural people's communes, reiterating that the distribution of rural people's communes must take into account the interests of the state, the collective, and individuals, and adhere to the principle of doing their best and distributing according to their work; at the same time, the instructions also We ask all localities not to copy Dazhai's experience, but to develop in an all-round way, and not to criticize the diversification allowed by the party's policies as capitalism.This restored the correct policy of the party in the past to a large extent, and was welcomed by the majority of farmers.

During the ten years of turmoil, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's clique instigated the extreme practice of "doubting everything and overthrowing everything", leading to the downfall and denunciation of leading cadres at all levels, and many veteran comrades were illegally imprisoned and isolated.If the influence of this ultra-left trend of thought on the cadre issue is not eliminated, a large number of cadres will not be able to stand up, and they will not be able to play their important role on various fronts. In October 1971, not long after the Lin Biao incident, Zhou Enlai instructed the Ministry of Public Security to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the prison situation, and criticized the erroneous ideas among the guards, such as preferring "left" to right.At the same time, under Mao Zedong's interrogation, Zhou Enlai tried every means to release a considerable number of veteran comrades from imprisonment.According to his instructions many times, relevant departments also provided timely treatment and proper resettlement for these old comrades.For the old comrades who died unfortunately during the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Enlai also made every effort to recover the losses.

In January 1972, Chen Yi passed away.Out of mourning for his old comrades-in-arms and publicly denying the so-called "February Adverse Current", Mao Zedong personally attended the memorial service and expressed condolences to Chen Yi's family and children.At this memorial service, Zhou Enlai suggested that Chen Yi's relatives spread Mao Zedong's evaluation that Deng Xiaoping was a contradiction among the people in order to expand their influence and spread public opinion.Prior to this, Zhou Enlai also used various occasions to make some old comrades who were persecuted during the "Cultural Revolution" appear in public.In late January of this year, he pointed out in a conversation that Lin Biao and his gang wanted to make Deng Xiaoping into a contradiction between the enemy and ourselves; If we talk about the "February countercurrent" again, we must criticize it.

In April of the same year, two old comrades, Chen Zhengren and Zeng Shan, died within ten days of each other due to insufficient medical treatment.This situation made Zhou Enlai realize that the party's cadre policy had not yet been fully implemented in actual work.On the one hand, he asked the Ministry of Health to solve the medical problems of veteran cadres as soon as possible. At the same time, he instructed the "People's Daily" to draft an editorial entitled "Learning from past pasts, curing diseases and saving patients", which he revised and published.This editorial reaffirmed Mao Zedong's consistent policy of "learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones, cure diseases and save patients," and emphasized that veteran cadres trained through long-term revolutionary struggles are the Party's precious wealth.

Thanks to Zhou Enlai's continuous efforts, since 1972, more and more veteran comrades have stood up, and some have re-assumed central and local leadership positions, becoming an important force to constantly correct "Left" mistakes. At the same time, Zhou Enlai also personally directed the cultural, health, and sports fronts to step up efforts to eliminate the influence of extreme leftist trends.He repeatedly emphasized: In the past, Lin Biao created ultra-left ideological trends and formalism, only engaged in "prominent politics", did not engage in business, and did not focus on training; now he advocates hard work on business technology for the revolution, improves quality, and has the courage to tackle key problems.Aiming at the situation where thousands of horses are silent and a hundred flowers are withering in the literary and art circles, Zhou Enlai sharply pointed out that "if the ultra-left trend of thought is not eliminated, it will undermine the improvement of artistic quality."These opinions of Zhou Enlai have effectively promoted the development of the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend on all fronts. Under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, the process of criticizing Lin Biao from various fronts in various places was actually a process of affirming the achievements before the "Cultural Revolution", correcting mistakes during the "Cultural Revolution", and restoring the normal work of the party and the country.This cannot but arouse the extreme hatred of the Jiang Qing clique, which is closely related to the fate of the "Cultural Revolution". At the beginning of 1972, Zhang Chunqiao made things difficult for the Minutes of the National Planning Conference and obstructed its distribution.With the development of the situation, the struggle within the party to uphold and deny the mistakes of the "Left" will inevitably become more intense. The second half of 1972 was a period in which Zhou Enlai led the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend, and it was also a period in which the party and the people fought extremely fiercely against the Jiang Qing clique.Previously, although the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend has achieved certain results, the concerns and obstacles in the ideological understanding of the broad masses of cadres and masses inside and outside the party cannot be resolved in a short period of time.Under such circumstances, Zhou Enlai proposed to further criticize the ultra-left trend of thought. On August 1 and 2, 1972, Zhou Enlai delivered a lengthy speech in the Great Hall of the People for two consecutive days to the returning ambassadors and heads of foreign affairs units, systematically expounding on major issues such as the international situation, domestic and foreign policies, criticism of Lin and rectification, and political and business relations. The speech runs through the distinct theme of "to thoroughly criticize the ultra-left trend of thought".He said: "Ultra-left ideological trends are worldwide. China also has ultra-left ideological trends, right under our noses, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs also has them, and embassies and consulates abroad." "In fact, the ultra-left ideological trends of all units are What Lin Biao indulged in” was “empty, extreme, and formalism emptied of calling proletarian politics in command. It is very abstract, and it violates Mao Zedong Thought.” "On this issue, if we don't do our job well, we will still make mistakes. If the ultra-left trend of thought is not thoroughly criticized, the right will rise again." "If there are still people who are still engaged in extreme leftism in embassies and consulates abroad, we should transfer them back to study and not hinder our foreign work." He clearly pointed out: "The movement must be implemented in policy and business. The politics of the proletariat is in command. Where should it be? It should be about business.... If you really inspect a cadre and say that the cadre’s movement is good, but his business is not good, it means that it has not been implemented.” “All departments should liberate veteran cadres.” Zhou Enlai's important speech clearly showed his intention to advocate in-depth criticism of ultra-left ideological trends (that is, Zhou Enlai used the term "criticism" many times).In order to further inspire people's understanding, he repeatedly emphasized that the extreme left is still the primary danger in various work at present, and guided the struggles of all fronts to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend to develop in depth, instead of the anti-inclination struggle of some units as in the previous stage. Highlight the "left" key points, only stay on the general level. While promoting various fronts to deeply criticize ultra-left ideological trends, Zhou Enlai was not afraid of dangers and obstacles. He personally started from the education and science and technology circles in the hardest-hit areas of the "Cultural Revolution" to help cadres and intellectuals eliminate interference, solve ideological understanding, and recover as soon as possible. Normal work in the edtech world. On July 14, 1972, according to the suggestion of the American scientist Yang Zhenning, Zhou Enlai told Zhou Peiyuan, the vice president of Peking University, to seriously clean up the ultra-left ideological trend in education and scientific research, improve the level of basic theory, and run the science department of comprehensive universities well. : "Is there any obstacle to be pulled out, and what nail is to be pulled out." On July 23, Zhou Enlai instructed the State Council Science and Education Group and the heads of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in response to Zhou Peiyuan’s letter reflecting the ideological situation of Peking University teachers: to use the letter as a “basis” to discuss this issue in the Science and Education Group and the Academy of Sciences, and to seriously discuss it. Implement it, don’t be like floating clouds, forget it after passing.” On September 5, when Zhou Enlai met with Salam, the scientific adviser to the President of Pakistan, he once again emphasized the importance of carrying out theoretical research in natural science, pointing out: We are doing very poorly in terms of theory, not only in atomic energy, but also in general science. , In a word, a lot of experience, no theory, ignoring theory, this is what I am most dissatisfied with.A few days later, he wrote again to Zhang Wenyu and Zhu Guangya, expressing his "very happy" with the suggestion to develop high-energy physics research mentioned in the letter from eighteen scientists from a certain institute of the Second Ministry of Machinery, and reminding that "this matter cannot be repeated." Delayed", "The Academy of Sciences must grasp basic science and theory, and at the same time combine theoretical research with scientific experiments." While paying close attention to basic theoretical research, Zhou Enlai also proposed that middle school graduates go directly to university. On October 6, according to the spirit of Zhou Enlai's series of instructions, Zhou Peiyuan published an article entitled "Some Views on the Revolution of Science Education in Comprehensive Universities" in the "Guangming Daily", proposing that "engineering and science, application and theory must be paid attention to, and cannot partiality”; “to criticize the erroneous idea that ‘theory is useless’” and “fully realize the great significance of scientific experiments and natural science theories”.The publication of this article, which broke through the heavy resistance set up by the Jiang Qing clique, greatly encouraged and inspired the vast number of intellectuals who were suppressed under the "two estimates". After Zhou Peiyuan’s article was published, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, etc. openly declared: “No matter how old Zhou Peiyuan’s origin is”, they must investigate and fight back;One of their confidantes at Peking University bluntly confessed: "If they want to pull out a nail, they will pull out us." Later, Zhang, Yao and others also ordered "Wen Wei Po" to publish articles continuously, besieging Zhou Peiyuan's articles, and pointing the finger at Zhou Enlai . During this period, the People's Daily organized and published a group of articles criticizing anarchism based on the spirit of Zhou Enlai's speech on the need to criticize the ultra-left trend of thought.This is the first time since the Lin Biao incident that the party newspaper has focused on criticizing the ultra-left trend of thought.After reading these articles, Yao Wenyuan pointed out: "What we need to be wary of at the moment is the rise of right-leaning ideological trends", "You can't say that everything is anarchism, don't blame the masses, and don't confuse the two types of contradictions."Jiang Qing even said bluntly: These articles "are intended to divert the general direction of the struggle across the country." Jiang Qing and his gang also repeatedly questioned the "background" of the articles.Under the instruction of Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, in November of this year, "Wenhui Situation", an internal publication of "Wenhui Po", published two consecutive issues of criticizing articles. Jiang Qing Group took the opportunity to launch a so-called "anti-rightist resurgence" campaign in the People's Daily.In this way, the confrontation between the party’s healthy forces represented by Zhou Enlai and Jiang Qing’s clique on the issue of insisting on criticizing the ultra-left and opposing criticizing the ultra-left began to become clear and open. At the end of November of the same year, the struggle between the two sides finally developed to the point of "showdown" with each other. On November 28, the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in their report to Zhou Enlai about holding a conference on foreign affairs that: In view of the fact that the ultra-left ideological trend instigated by Lin Biao’s anti-party clique has not yet been thoroughly criticized and eliminated in the foreign affairs department, it is planned to hold a conference on foreign affairs. National Foreign Affairs Work Conference.The task is to thoroughly criticize the ultra-left ideological trend and anarchism instigated by Lin Biao's anti-party clique in connection with the actual work of foreign affairs, so as to better implement Chairman Mao's revolutionary diplomatic line. On November 30, Zhou Enlai issued an instruction to "plan to agree" to the report.However, the next day, Zhang Chunqiao clearly expressed his opposition to criticizing the ultra-left in the comments sent to the "Premier for Re-reading".On the one hand, he pretended that he "does not understand the overall situation of foreign affairs work," and on the other hand, he asked, "Is the current main issue still ultra-left ideological trends? Is criticizing Lin the same as criticizing ultra-left and anarchism? I am considering it." On December 2, Jiang Qing further proposed in his comments to the report that Lin Biao should be criticized as a traitor of the "extreme right", "At the same time, we should also focus on the victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution." Due to the opposition of Zhang Chunqiao and Jiang Qing, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a discussion on this matter on December 3.According to the discussion opinions of the Politburo, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs re-drafted the "Report on Convening a Foreign Affairs Work Conference", and deleted the criticism of "ultra-left ideological trend and anarchism" written in the original report.However, it is still emphasized that "mainly study Chairman Mao's instructions on foreign affairs in the past one or two years" and "the Prime Minister's talk with foreign envoys on August 1 and 2 this year (summary)". On December 4, Zhou Enlai approved the revised report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Zhou Enlai, Zhang Chunqiao, and Jiang Qing made tit-for-tat comments in their foreign affairs conference reports, indicating that the struggle between the healthy forces within the party and the Jiang Qing clique had reached a fever pitch, and it became the climax of this struggle around 1972. When the struggle was at a stalemate, a person in charge of the People's Daily wrote to Mao Zedong on December 5 out of dissatisfaction with a series of actions such as the Jiang Qing clique's "return to the right" and targeting Zhou Enlai. Expressed "very agreeing" with Zhou Enlai's opinion that "People's Daily" and other units should thoroughly criticize the ultra-left ideological trend, thinking that criticizing the ultra-left is not only suitable for the actual situation within the organization, but also applicable to public opinion propaganda.The letter also reflected Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan's opposition to criticizing the extreme left.This letter objectively prompted Mao Zedong to come forward and make a final ruling on the two different opinions that were fiercely confronted. As Mao Zedong, who still insisted on the mistakes of the "Cultural Revolution" in terms of guiding ideology, it was impossible to agree with Zhou Enlai's opinions at this time. On December 17, in his conversation with Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, he clearly expressed his opposition to criticizing the ultra-left trend of thought. He believed that the views in the letter of the person in charge of the "People's Daily" were wrong, and that Lin Biao's revisionism, splitting, conspiracies, and plots should be criticized now. The "extreme right" who betrayed the party and the country.This is the inevitable conclusion drawn by Mao Zedong who feared that criticizing the extreme left would lead to the denial of the "Cultural Revolution". Mao Zedong's conclusions became a turning point for Zhou Enlai's criticism of the ultra-left trend of thought and correction of mistakes in the "Cultural Revolution" after "September 13th".Jiang Qing and his gang, who had been dissatisfied with Zhou Enlai for a long time, were even more confident at this time, and openly challenged Zhou Enlai. In 1973, the New Year's Day editorial of "Two Newspapers and One Magazine" clearly stated that we must always target Lin Biao and his group with criticism, and "firmly grasp the general direction of this struggle."That is to say, only Lin Biao can be criticized during the movement, and nothing else is allowed.In this way, it is tantamount to providing "insurance" for the Jiang Qing Group to be exposed in the criticism, and a "green light" for further counterattacks in the future. Although the struggle situation had fundamentally changed, it did not change Zhou Enlai's determination to continue to criticize the ultra-left trend of thought. In 1973, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, the struggle to criticize the ultra-left ideological trend was carried out in a subtle and roundabout way (that is, the term "criticize the ultra-left" was not used publicly), and it was still going on. In February 1973, when Zhou Enlai listened to the report of the State Planning Commission, he counted the various manifestations of anarchism in enterprises, and once again sharply criticized the ultra-left trend of thought that brought destructive consequences to the national economy during the "Cultural Revolution", pointing out: "The evil consequences of Lin Biao and his gang's sabotage of the economy have been revealed in the past two years." The national economy "has no proportion at all" and "there is no 'law of the king'" in planning work." Consequences eliminated".At the same time, he also emphasized that the "rectification policy" must be clearly written, and the distribution according to work and the necessary reward system must be implemented. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, at the planning meeting held at the beginning of the same year, the "Regulations on Adhering to Unified Planning and Strengthening Economic Management" drafted by the State Planning Commission were discussed.This document is similar to the minutes of the planning meeting in 1972. It still takes correcting the ultra-left ideological trend existing in production management and opposing anarchism as the guiding ideology. Hang on to the business perspective.At the meeting, all 28 provinces and cities across the country expressed their approval for the document.Only Shanghai is against it.Zhang Chunqiao declared: "This is "using the majority to suppress us, I firmly oppose it, we are gloriously isolated", and forced the documents to be withdrawn.Zhang Chunqiao's domineering attitude shows the arrogance of the Jiang Qing clique after Zhou Enlai's criticism of the extreme left was rejected. At the same time, at the National Foreign Affairs Work Conference, the foreign affairs cadres studied Mao Zedong’s series of instructions on foreign propaganda in the past few years (mainly criticizing extreme practices such as "taking myself as the core" and "imposing on others"), and eliminated the interference of Jiang Qing and his gang. Criticized the ultra-left trend of thought and anarchism and their bad influence and destruction on foreign affairs.This actually supports and implements Zhou Enlai's idea of ​​criticizing the ultra-left trend of thought, and denies the fallacies of Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao. On March 4, Zhou Enlai convened a talk with some heads of foreign affairs units, and criticized the erroneous tendencies of xenophobia and ethnic discrimination that still existed in many units in dealing with foreign experts, pointing out that "Lin Biao, Chen Boda, Wang, Guan, Qi interferes and undermines the implementation of correct principles and policies", "We must criticize these mistakes, and after self-criticism, we will take the initiative"; "We must openly admit mistakes to foreign experts, and don't be afraid of making right mistakes again." On March 8, Zhou Enlai severely criticized Lin Biao, Chen Boda, and Wang Li for interfering with and sabotaging foreign affairs work at the commemorative meeting for International Working Women's Day, which invited foreign experts and their families to participate. Foreign experts expressed apology and took the lead in making self-criticism on the spot, which deeply moved the foreign experts present. Zhou Enlai also made unremitting efforts to liberate cadres and peacefully fight against unjust, false and wrongly decided cases. On December 18, 1972, Zhou Enlai clearly stated in a letter: Tan Zhenlin "is a good comrade, and he should be allowed back"; Inspired".In addition, Zhou Enlai once again proposed to improve prison treatment and abolish "fascist-style censorship methods."For the veteran cadres who have been liberated, he proposed that they should be allowed to join the leadership team in order to mobilize their enthusiasm and play their due role. On March 10, 1973, Zhou Enlai sent a letter to Mao Zedong, suggesting that the work of emancipating cadres to peacefully fight against unjust, false and wrongly decided cases should be stepped up, and he specifically proposed a plan that would be easy before difficult, and sent to the Politburo for discussion.After the Organization Department of the Central Committee proposed a list of more than 300 people, he personally presided over a meeting of the Politburo to study and approve them one by one.On the same day, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, the Party Central Committee decided to restore Deng Xiaoping's party organization and the position of Vice Premier of the State Council. Since the end of 1971, the struggle led by Zhou Enlai to continuously correct the mistakes of the "Left" has won the support and support of the vast majority of people because it conforms to the wishes of the entire party and the broad masses of the people. More and more fierce counterattack. From the second half of 1973, Jiang Qing and his group made another move in the education field, successively producing Zhang Tiesheng's white papers, criticizing "The Gardener's Song", criticizing "the dignity of teachers", raiding professors, and Ma Zhenfu Commune Middle School, etc. The vicious waves of so-called "resurrection" and "restoration" of criticism of revisionism all aimed at Zhou Enlai and the healthy forces within the party he represented.In this regard, although Zhou Enlai insisted on fighting, he was unable to do what he wanted after all. As a result, the struggle to criticize the ultra-left trend of thought had to come to an end due to repeated obstacles. One of the most representative incidents in which the Jiang Qing Group, which formed the "Gang of Four" at the Party's Tenth Congress, launched a counterattack against Zhou Enlai was the so-called "Three-month Movement" organized by Chi Qun and his gang at Tsinghua University.From October to December of this year, under the manipulation of Chi Qun and others, an "anti-resurgence" movement was launched in the Tsinghua University campus to arrest "representatives of bourgeois restoration forces" and sweep down "the social foundation of restoration forces."During the movement, Chi Qun and his gang wielded sticks such as "Pedofi Club", "Freedom Forum", "opposition to the leadership of the working class", "opposition to the educational revolution", and "opposition to the 'July 1st' instruction" to attack the majority of intellectuals To combat persecution.This movement seriously affected many colleges and universities in Beijing and other provinces and cities, and undermined Zhou Enlai's painstaking efforts to restore the normal operation of the education system. On this basis, with the approval of Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing and his gang launched a nationwide campaign to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius in early 1974.During the movement, Jiang Qing and others with ulterior motives deliberately slandered and slandered Zhou Enlai. Zhou Enlai fell into a more difficult situation, and finally the struggle he led to criticize the ultra-left thought trend that lasted for nearly two years was interrupted.