Chapter 9 Chapter Eight Opens the Prelude from the Civil War to the Anti-Japanese War

Northern Shaanxi is the foothold of the Red Army's Long March and the starting point of a new revolutionary journey.Before the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its leaders, there are three important interrelated missions: one is to consolidate and expand the base areas so that the Party Central Committee and the Central Red Army can survive and develop themselves; The other is to defeat Zhang Guotao's anti-party separatist activities to establish a new central government, lead the second and fourth front armies to complete the Long March, realize the victory of the three main forces of the Red Army, and unite and strengthen the Communist Party of China. Revolutionary Armed Forces.Zhang Wentian, general secretary of the Party Central Committee, and Mao Zedong, commander-in-chief of the Red Army, worked closely together and contributed to the completion of these three historical missions.

In the autumn and winter of 1935, when the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, the crisis of the Chinese nation reached an unprecedented level. In the summer of this year, Japan's invasion of North China escalated sharply. In May, Japan asked China to eradicate the anti-Japanese movement in North China and withdraw its troops and Kuomintang military and political organs on the pretext that China had violated the "Tanggu Agreement". From June to July, He Yingqin, acting chairman of the Beiping Military Branch of the Kuomintang, and Yoshijiro Umezu, commander of the Japanese Garrison Army in North China, secretly concluded the "He Mei Agreement". , The Northeast Army withdrew from Hebei; the Third Gendarmerie Regiment was transferred to the south; the Kuomintang Party Headquarters and secret agencies in Hebei, Pingjin and Tianjin were all abolished; all anti-Japanese activities in Hebei Province were prohibited.Doing so, in fact, expanded the demilitarized zone from the counties in eastern Hebei to the entire Hebei Province. At the end of June, Qin Dechun, acting chairman of Chahar Province and head of the Civil Affairs Department, and Kenji Doihara, head of the Japanese Kwantung Army’s secret service agency, signed the "Qin-Tu Agreement" in the form of an exchange of letters, stipulating that the KMT agencies in Chahar should be abolished, and the anti-Japanese agencies and organizations should be disbanded. The group removed Song Zheyuan from the post of chairman of Chahar Province, withdrew Song Zheyuan's 29th Army, and established the Chahar East African Armed Zone.According to these two traitorous agreements, the KMT's direct lineage basically withdrew from Hebei and Chahar provinces. In September 1935, the new Japanese commander of the Chinese Garrison issued another statement, advocating the "joint self-government" of the five North China provinces (Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Chahar, and Suiyuan). In October, the Japanese cabinet passed the "Proposal on Encouraging North China to Be Independent", attempting to turn the entire North China into a second "Manchukuo". In November, the Japanese invaders ordered the traitor Yin Rugeng to organize the "Eastern Hebei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government" in Tongxian County, 40 miles east of Beiping City, so that the 22 counties in Eastern Hebei were separated from the jurisdiction of the Chinese government and became an enemy-puppet ruled area controlled by Japan.Then, Japan forced the Nanjing Nationalist Government to accept the "specialization" request of the North China regime, and tried to set up a "Hebei-Chazard Political Affairs Committee" in Beiping. .The sovereignty of North China is ruined, and the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time!At the right time, the "December 9th" anti-Japanese and national salvation movement broke out among Peking students.

Adapting to the development and changes of the situation, Zhang Wentian, together with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Bogu and other leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, promptly opened the prelude to the strategic transformation from the civil war to the war of resistance. On October 1, 1935, when Zhang Wentian was in Tongwei, Gansu, he wrote an article pointing out that Japan's aggressive policy and actions of monopolizing China "will cause changes in various relations at home and abroad."The contradictions between Britain, the United States and Japan are intensifying, and anger against Japanese aggression is brewing among the masses.The article declares: The Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army "should raise the banner of anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist even higher, unite all anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist people in China around themselves, and launch an anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist national revolutionary war in order to defend the independence of the Chinese nation." with territorial integrity."

On October 19, the Central Red Army arrived in Wuqi Town.During the rest period here, Zhang Wentian presided over the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on October 22 and 27, and timely proposed a new strategic task in the period of great historical change: transforming the struggle to defend and expand the Soviet area into a new strategic task. For a direct national revolutionary war. The next question that needs to be solved is, what links and strategies did the Chinese Communist Party use to stop the civil war and turn it into a direct war against Japanese imperialism?

On November 13, 1935, Zhang Wentian presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, clearly proposing the task of realizing strategic transformation and the flexible use of extensive united front strategies.He made a concluding speech at the end of the meeting, pointing out that the strategic position of the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Area is "the position at the forefront, leading the national revolutionary war"; our "historical task" is "to consolidate and expand this Soviet Area to become the leader anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang base areas", and then "establish anti-Japanese centers in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sui, Ningxia, and Xinxin"; the current task is to "mobilize the masses, crush the enemy's attack, and prepare to fight Japanese imperialism."At that time, anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang were mentioned together in the background: the "North China Incident" did cause changes in domestic and foreign relations.The Nanjing government and Chiang Kai-shek also realized from this that Japan’s expansion in North China seriously endangered the economic interests of the British and American imperialists in China, and also damaged the interests of Jiang Song, Kong Chen and other families and factions, threatening Chiang Kai-shek’s dominance in North China Therefore, at the "Fifth National Congress" of the Kuomintang in November 1935, Chiang expressed his intention to change the policy towards Japan.However, Chiang's basic policy at the time was still "to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside." What Chiang was actively focusing on at the time was to eliminate the Central Red Army, which had just arrived in northern Shaanxi and had not yet established a stable foothold.Therefore, smashing the "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army and defending and expanding the Soviet area in northern Shaanxi became the urgent task of the Red Army at that time. "Anti-Chiang" and "anti-Japanese" had to be mentioned together, and they became interrelated and parallel goals at that time. .

Here, Zhang Wentian has changed the general reference to "anti-imperialist" or "anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist" to "anti-Japanese" and "anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang"; "direct national revolutionary war" has also been clearly interpreted as "anti-Japanese and anti-imperialist" War of Japanese Imperialism".It is obvious that the strategic goals have begun to focus on the current main enemy. After the meeting on November 13, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued two documents, one was the "Declaration on the Annexation of North China by Japanese Imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek's Selling of North China and China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Declaration"), and the other was "On Launching the Anti-Japanese and Anti-Chiang Movement Work Decision" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision").With reference to Zhang Wentian's "concluding speech" at the meeting above, it can be concluded that these two documents were undoubtedly written under Zhang Wentian's auspices, or were written by Zhang Wentian.

The "Decision" pointed out: "The Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area is in the vanguard position against Japanese imperialist aggression", "the most urgent task ahead of the party in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area" is "to expand and consolidate the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, and to prepare for direct confrontation with Japanese imperialism." fight". The "Decision" specifically explained the way to achieve the task: "transforming the agrarian revolutionary war into a national revolutionary war" means "transforming the anti-Chiang war into the anti-Japanese war."

The "Declaration" pointed out: "Resisting Japan and opposing Chiang is the only way for the Chinese people to save the country." The relationship between "anti-Japanese" and "anti-Chiang" is "inseparable two tasks."What is particularly worth noting is that while proposing strategic tasks, these two documents also focused on proposing the strategic line.Reiterate that the Soviet government and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army are willing to sign a joint war against Japan agreement with any armed forces under the "Three Conditions of Joint Anti-Japanese War" in January 1933; they are willing to practically assist all forms of anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang organizations.Emphasize the need to use the "six major programs" of national armed self-defense published on April 20, 1934 and make it concrete and practical to mobilize the masses and carry out the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang movement.The document gave a new explanation of the broadness and flexibility of the united front, proposing: "All Chinese people and armed forces who resist Japan and Chiang Kai-shek" "should unite" and "all methods of struggle" "should be used" to resist Japan and oppose Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang.

Four days later, on November 17, Zhang Wentian wrote the article "The New Offensive of Japanese Imperialism and the Urgency of the National Revolutionary War".In addition to the elaboration and development of the "Decision" and "Declaration", on the basis of analyzing the current "various changes in domestic and foreign relations", the article has made many extremely important developments in the strategic thinking of the united front.In this article, Zhang Wentian will achieve a change in strategy and elevate the flexible use of the broad united front to the central task of the party; he clearly stated that in order to achieve the lofty goal of "resisting Japan", the strategy of the upper-level united front should be used, and the key targets are The armed forces of various factions of warlords who have conflicts with Chiang.The article also explicitly raises the issue of leadership in the united front, pointing out that the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army are tasked with being the “organizers and leaders of the national revolutionary war” and that they must “put China’s national revolutionary war under their own leadership.”And this leadership position must be achieved through the flexible use of a broad united front strategy.

In short, after Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian and others led the Central Red Army to settle in northern Shaanxi, they, together with other members of the central leadership collective, made independent judgments based on the new political situation at the time, and began to implement the strategy of transforming from civil war to war of resistance and anti-Japanese national united front The policy has been gradually clarified, and the prelude to the strategic transformation has been opened. Just when Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong and other leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made independent judgments based on the new political situation at that time and began to change their strategies, Zhang Hao (real name Lin Yuying), who was dispatched by the Comintern to return to China from Moscow, arrived on November 18. Wayaobao.

Zhang Hao is a member of the Chinese Communist Party's delegation to the Communist International and a representative of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions to the Red Workers International. In July and August of 1935, he participated in the "August 1st Manifesto", which is called "A Message to All Compatriots for Anti-Japanese and National Salvation". On August 1, 1935, it was issued by the delegation of the Communist Party of China in the name of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On October 1, it was published in the "Salvation Daily" founded by the CCP in Paris.The brewing, discussion and revision of the work, attended the Seventh Congress of the Communist International held in Moscow (July 25, 1935 to August 20).In view of the fact that the communication between the Comintern and the CCP’s delegation to the Comintern and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has been interrupted for nearly a year, the spirit of the Seven International Congresses and the content of the “August 1st Declaration” urgently need to be conveyed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the interrupted telecommunication connection needs to be restored urgently. Therefore, in the international In the middle of the Seventh National Congress, after two resolutions were passed, Zhang Hao was sent back to China. Zhang Hao joined the party in February 1922 and was one of the earliest worker party members in China.He has been engaged in white area work in China for a long time, and has rich experience in struggle, with both wisdom and courage.He has quite high prestige in the party, and he is a well-known leader of the labor movement and an activist of the party, so the Communist International chose him for this important task.When Zhang Hao returned to China, he took the difficult shortcut of Mongolia.He eats and sleeps in the open, across the desert.In order to deal with the interrogation, he wore a bare leather jacket, picked out a pair of baskets, and pretended to be a salesman, inquiring about news along the way.After three months of trekking, I finally found the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Wayaobao. After Zhang Hao arrived in Wayaobao, Zhang Wentian talked with him all night long.Zhang Hao conveyed to Zhang Wentian the spirit of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist International on changing the previous strategy towards the Social Democratic Party, no longer viewing the middle power as a dangerous enemy, and establishing the Anti-Fascist United Front and the People’s Front, as well as the spirit drafted by the CCP’s delegation to the Communist International The "August 1st Declaration" issued in the name of the Soviet Central Government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China contains content such as the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the National Defense Government.Zhang Hao also brought back the password to contact the Communist International.All of these, it is impossible to bring written materials, relying entirely on memory. On November 20, Zhang Wentian presided over a Politburo meeting to discuss land issues in northern Shaanxi, and Zhang Hao was invited to attend.At the meeting, there were different opinions on the issue of rich peasants.Zhang Hao said in a speech: "Attention should be paid to anti-rich peasants." "At the current stage, the most urgent strategic enemies to oppose are Japanese imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek and the landlords." Don't mention "confiscating rich peasants and destroying rich peasants" now.Zhang Hao also pointed out that it is appropriate to mention the "People's Republic" now.If the rich peasants were to be confiscated and eliminated, it would inevitably involve many aspects such as the middle peasants, the struggle in the white areas, and intellectuals.The problem of rich peasants is still a long-term struggle, and it cannot be eliminated all at once.At this time, Zhang Wentian had not yet freed himself from the shackles of the policy of "eliminating the landlords and opposing the rich peasants" on the issue of the rich peasants.In his speech, he believed: "It is wrong to eliminate the rich peasants" and "the rich peasants who respond to the landlords should oppose it."After Zhang Hao made his speech, he said: "When a big struggle develops in the white areas, we can temporarily compromise with them." "It is different in places where class struggles are deep." strategy against rich peasants. Zhang Hao was sent back to China by the Comintern, and he brought back the important new spirit of the Comintern's transformation strategy. Zhang Wentian and other central leaders respected him very much and called him an "international representative."Since then, he has been active in the party and the Red Army as an "international representative", especially in stopping Zhang Guotao's anti-party separatist activities and promoting the reunion of the three main forces of the Red Army. On November 20th, Zhang Wentian immediately sent a special person to send a letter to Mao Zedong and others on the front line in Zhiluo Town, informing Zhang Hao of his return and the spirit of the Seven International Congresses he conveyed and the main points of the "August 1st Declaration".At the same time, he immediately, together with Zhang Hao and the leading comrades of the Party Central Committee in the rear, carefully studied the spirit of the Seven International Congresses, combined with the experience of the Chinese revolution, especially the lessons since the September 18th Incident, and based on the changes in various domestic and foreign relations at that time, Make major decisions for strategic and tactical shifts. On November 21, Mao Zedong and others called Zhang Wentian and others from the front line to report the good news of the victory in Zhiluo Town: "Luo Fu and comrades in the Central Committee: good news. The enemy's 109th Division and a regiment of the 111th Division invaded Zhiluo Town yesterday. The front army surrounded the enemy on the 21st, and fought fiercely until 12 o'clock. The two regiments of the 109th Division and their direct subordinates were completely wiped out by our first army. " On November 24, Luo (Fu) and Bo (Gu) jointly called Mao Zedong, estimating that the enemy's three encirclement campaigns had ended, and suggested holding a meeting to discuss various issues in detail, that is, the Wayaobao meeting held later. On November 25, Zhang Wentian sent a special person to send a letter to Mao Zedong, and attached the documents drafted by the leading comrades of the Party Central Committee in the rear (including the "Chairman of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic" Chairman Mao Zedong and the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Manifesto and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s “Decision on Changing the Tactics Against Rich Peasants”), solicit opinions from Mao Zedong and leading comrades in the front on issues such as the strategy of the Anti-Japanese United Front, the Red Army’s course of action, and changing the strategy against rich peasants. On November 27, Luo Fu called Mao Zedong, suggesting that the captured Northeast Army officers be released in order to "expand our influence and allies in resisting Japan and Chiang Kai-shek." On December 1, Mao Zedong replied to Luo Fu in the East Village of Fu County (now known as Fu County), saying: "I completely agree with the strategic content of the anti-Chiang united front and the specific slogans and programs. Please post the declaration immediately." "Yes Basically agree with the transformation of rich peasants' strategy", and also put forward some supplementary opinions. Since the Zunyi Conference, Zhang Wentian has always discussed with Mao Zedong in case of problems.He has a democratic style, respects Mao very much, regards himself as a "supporting role" everywhere, and cooperates very well with Mao.The high degree of agreement between the general secretary of the Party Central Committee and the supreme commander of the Red Army was an important key to ensuring the opening of a new situation in the Chinese revolution at that time.It can be seen in the historical archives that from the beginning of October 1935 to northern Shaanxi to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in September 1938, there were 451 telegrams signed by Luo Fu (or Zhang Wentian), among which "Luo, Mao" or "Mao and Luo" joint names amounted to 286, accounting for 64%.It can be seen that the "Mauro cooperation" played a key role in implementing the transformation of strategic strategy and facilitating the reunion of the three main forces of the Red Army. After Zhang Hao arrived in Wayaobao to convey the spirit of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, Zhang Wentian did have a lot of new understanding and new developments regarding the strategy of implementing a broad united front. On November 29, 1935, Zhang Wentian convened a meeting of the Politburo to discuss the issue of the united front.He made a report and conclusion on the strategy of "opposing Japanese imperialist aggression".Before the meeting, he presided over the release of the "Anti-Japanese Manifesto for National Salvation" (November 28); after the meeting, he wrote an article entitled "Supporting the Soviet Government and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's Anti-Japanese Manifesto".In these documents, Zhang Wentian added a lot of new content and new steps in addition to continuing to expound on the broad united front strategic thinking with the content of resisting Japan and opposing Chiang Kai-shek.This is an important enrichment and development made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Zhang Wentian as the general secretary, combining the spirit of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist International with the actual situation in China, and flexibly applying the broad united front strategy.The main points are: (1) The joint organization of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the National Defense Government was proposed, which greatly expanded the scope of the united front and greatly improved the organizational form of the united front. The "Declaration on Resisting Japan and Rescuing the Nation" declares: "Regardless of any political faction, any armed force, any social group, or any individual category, as long as they are willing to resist Japan and Chiang Kai-shek, we are not only willing to conclude a combat agreement with them to resist Japan and Chiang Kai-shek, but also to go further. They organized the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and National Defense Government." Zhang Wentian pointed out at the Politburo meeting: "Even among the warlords, there are those who are dissatisfied with the Japanese aggression." "We took the initiative to unite with the warlords and oppose Japanese imperialism." , we can form an anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang alliance with the Kuomintang team." Zhang Wentian emphasized: "The anti-Japanese coalition forces and the national defense government must really do it" and "the united front is not limited to propaganda, it must be turned into actual action."Zhang Wentian also pointed out in the article that the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the National Defense Government are "new steps" taken by the Soviet government and the Red Army in the face of deepening national crisis. The next major ring". (2) Put forward the Ten Programs of Anti-Japanese and National Salvation, as the common program of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the National Defense Government, and the specific guidelines for the joint actions of the United Front. (3) Emphasize "against the main enemy at present".Zhang Wentian not only explained from the basic principles of military science and political science, but also from the strategic thinking of Leninism, "Our central goal is to concentrate the most extensive forces against the most important enemy of the Chinese people at present, and to fight against the enemy in the process of struggle." Obtain the party's leadership over the most basic masses."Under the guidance of this strategic thought, Zhang Wentian elaborated on the broadness of the united front: "Whether it is a warlord who was hostile to us in the past, or a political faction that was firmly opposed to us in the past, as long as he is now fighting against Japan Chiang Kai-shek has something in common with us, so we can completely forget the old bad things and unite with them." "For the survival and interests of the entire nation, we welcome all people to join the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang movement." This is the case in China, For the international imperialist countries, we must also see the contradiction between Japan's "monopoly" of China and the Anglo-American "carve-up" of China, and change our strategy: "Whether it is British or American imperialism, if they can now express to China's national movement Sympathetic approval or good-faith neutrality, then we can form a close friendship with them." (4) Emphasize the most resolute struggle against the "left" closed-doorism within the party.Zhang Wentian pointed out that "flexible use of a broad united front is the most central task of our party"; and "closed-doorism has become the most important danger in our party" and "the most hindering of our work is closed-doorism". "If this closed-door tendency is not overcome, it will be impossible to gain leadership over the tens of millions of people."Zhang Wentian systematically and concretely analyzed the characteristics, manifestations, causes and harms of closed-doorism, and used examples from real struggles, combined with historical experience and lessons, to explain how to overcome closed-doorism and flexibly use extensive united front strategies.In this regard, Zhang Wentian particularly emphasized initiative and flexibility.He pointed out: "We should not wait passively and passively for people to come to us to negotiate joint actions against Japan and Chiang Kai-shek after the Manifesto was published, but we should also take the initiative to go around actively." In terms of flexibility, Zhang Wentian He pointed out that "the situation of the revolution is ever-changing", it is necessary to "grasp various situations and propose different strategies", it is necessary to "use every conflict and contradiction within the enemy", it is necessary to "strive for various opportunities, Use various methods to oppose Japanese imperialism."He also said that it is not necessary to oppose Japan and Chiang when negotiating; it is also possible to only oppose Japan but not Chiang, or to oppose Chiang but not Japan. At this time, under the guidance of Zhang Wentian, the negotiations between our side and Gao Guizi's 84th Division of the Kuomintang Army on the truce and cooperation "had preliminary results". . These new content, new steps, specific slogans and references between November and December mentioned above are all missing or not clear enough in the articles, speeches, declarations, and decisions in mid-November and before.Of course, this is closely related to Zhang Hao's arrival at Wayaobao and his conveyance of the Seven Spirits of the Communist International.What is valuable is that Zhang Wentian and the leading collective of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China did not copy the words and phrases of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, but combined China's actual implementation of the spirit of the Seventh International Congress, and made an important supplement to the strategy of flexibly using a broad united front that had been independently proposed And development, injecting new content, mentioned new heights. The practical steps to correct the past "Left" policy began with changing the tactics towards rich peasants.For this reason, Zhang Wentian sent Luo Mai, Wang Guanlan (director of the Land Department of the Northwest Office), Guo Hongtao, and others to investigate and study the land reform in northern Shaanxi, to find out the particularity of the land problem in northern Shaanxi, and to understand the "leftist" aspects of land reform in the past. The situation of the policy and its negative impact on agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and commerce.On this basis, a document on changing the policy on rich peasants was drafted and sent to the front to solicit the opinions of Mao Zedong and other central leading comrades. On December 1, Zhang Wentian received a reply from Mao Zedong expressing his "basic agreement".After revising the document by absorbing the opinions of Mao Zedong and leading comrades in the front, he presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on December 6 to discuss changing the strategy for rich peasants. Zhang Wentian made a "report" and "conclusion" at the meeting.Zhang Wentian pointed out in the report: Now is a period of deepening national crisis, and the majority of strata have participated in the revolutionary struggle.Under these circumstances, the attitude of the rich peasants was different from before. "Now we want to win the broad masses of the country to the revolutionary side and oppose our main enemy, Japanese imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek. Therefore, we welcome the change in the attitude of the rich peasants. If we adopt the strategy of stepping up against the rich peasants, we will turn them It is obviously inappropriate to push it to the landlords and gentry." He also pointed out: "Now we have changed our strategy to make the masses feel that they can not only be politically free, but also greatly develop production and make their lives better. We must understand that in the At the current stage of the revolution, the development of capitalism is not terrible for us, but beneficial." "In short, we believe that under the current situation, we need to change our strategy against the rich peasants." What kind of strategy should we adopt?Zhang Wentian said: "Now, in the white areas, in the struggle against the landlords and gentry, it is generally possible to unite the rich peasants and form a united front. When the struggle deepens, when the land is distributed and the power of the landlords and landlords is eliminated, the rich peasants are required to be neutral in good faith, so that They do not act as the echoes of the landlords and gentry in order to isolate the power of the landlords and gentry.” “In the Soviet area, only the feudal exploitation of the rich peasants should be eliminated”, “The rich peasants should also share the land equally, and should not specially distribute bad land. In addition, the rich peasants The money and utensils, whether they have it or not, cannot be moved." In his conclusion after the discussion, Zhang Wentian emphasized: "Now we must establish a broad united front, concentrate our forces against the main enemy, and strive for the leadership of the party within the broad united front." On the issue of rich peasants, "we must change our strategy in order to Concentrate strength and oppose the main enemy." "In the Soviet area, the 'Left' approach to the rich peasants is being corrected. This is not a fake policy. The government's administrative methods that are too left must be corrected, and the party and trade unions are the same. They are all opposed." "In short, for the change of strategy, all aspects must be resolutely implemented. We must carry out extensive education within the party, so that our comrades understand that at present, no matter what, the strategy must be changed." Finally, Zhang Wentian also said: It clearly stipulates several specific policy limits: "First, the land managed by the rich peasants will not be moved, and the leased land will be confiscated. Second, the leased cattle and sheep can be divided. Third, whether the land should be distributed equally is determined by the middle peasants." .Fourth, cooperatives can allow rich peasants to invest, but they cannot allow them to participate in political power.” The meeting made the "Decision on Changing the Tactics of Dealing with the Rich Peasants", pointing out that the strategy of "intensifying the fight against the rich peasants" is "no longer appropriate" no matter from the current central task and long-term practical experience.The present policy for the kulaks is: "Only the part of their feudal exploitation is abolished, i.e. the land they rent out, and their usury is abolished. The land, business and other properties run by the kulaks (including hired labor) cannot be confiscated. The Soviet The government should also guarantee the freedom of rich peasants to expand production (such as lease land, open up wasteland, hire workers, etc.) and develop industry and commerce.” The issue of rich peasants is not an isolated issue. It involves a wide range of areas and has a strong policy nature. It involves policies in various aspects such as middle peasants, industry and commerce, intellectuals, and work in the white areas.Zhang Wentian saw soberly at that time that "the strategy must be changed no matter what at present" and "the change of strategies in all aspects must be resolutely implemented".The implementation of the change in the rich peasant policy was the first major step taken to systematically correct the past "Left" erroneous policies, and it was a good start for the subsequent transformation of various specific policies.