Chapter 35 third quarter

The new type of detonator that Yan Yuchang brought back from Beiping was a white aluminum detonator. After testing, it was more powerful than the original copper detonator.In addition, he also brought empty tube shells and tried to make detonators by himself.He used nitric acid to dissolve mercury into a blue solution of mercury nitrate, and then added it to a flask filled with alcohol. After white smoke with a sweet smell rose from the flask, silver-gray fine powder of thurmercury precipitated out. .Wash the thunder mercury with clean water, put it in the detonator shell, press it, and then dry it at low temperature, and a detonator is manufactured.

With the ability to continuously produce high explosives and learn how to make detonators, the supply department will have enough energy reserves. In the words of Xiong Dazhen: "With medicine in hand, don't panic, feed your guns, and win battles... ..." Renqiu is located on the shore of Baiyang Lake, with river pits, water parks, ditches, and ditches criss-crossing. According to historical records, in the summer after the July 7th Incident, there were heavy rains and heavy rains, and this place almost became a country.One day, Xiong Dazhen went to the headquarters for a meeting. Commander Lu Zhengcao told the participants that according to intelligence agencies, the Japanese army was collecting ships from Tianjin, Qinhuangdao and even Dalian. There were signs that the possibility of attacking Jizhong by water after autumn increase.The superior ordered Jizhong District to plan ahead and make preparations as soon as possible.Based on the above situation, all departments should draw up a combat plan for water defense as soon as possible...

After Xiong Dazhen returned to the Ministry, he immediately communicated that he proposed the idea of ​​making sea mines to contain the Japanese attack. Everyone thought it was feasible, so he quickly turned to the development of sea mines with high emotions. Sea mines are different from mines in that they float in water.Floating on the water or semi-floating or sinking at the bottom, how far the explosives are from the target to inflict heavy damage on the enemy, these technical difficulties need to be overcome one by one. Yan Yuchang made an explosive cartridge out of tinplate, and welded an airtight air chamber to the upper part of the explosive cartridge to reduce the overall specific gravity of the explosive cartridge so that it can half float in water.But how effective is it?

There is no other way but to use the method of simulation test to check. In Loudi Village, where the supply department is located, there are rows of tall maple and poplar trees on the river embankment to the west.Wang Dexi and the others borrowed a big saw from a fellow villager, sawed down the tree and made it into a raft, and used it to simulate the enemy's motorboat, then placed a mine below it, and detonated it with an electric detonator... Many years later, the elderly in Loudi Village can still remember some details of that time.Every experiment has almost become a grand festival for the whole village. When the tall water column leaps up, the violent explosion slaps the river embankment and passes quickly. ——The unknown fish that were knocked out by the blast floated on the surface of the water.At this time, men, women and children in the village all jumped into the river to catch them first.Sometimes, Wang Dexi and Zhang Fang can't help but join them. At night, there will be a feast full of fish on the dining table of the Research Institute...

Sometimes, experimental mines are placed on the surface of the water, which can have additional effects.With a bang, water splashes dance in the air, mist fills the air, and a river embankment is filled with flowing colorful clouds, and a beautiful rainbow will appear in the blue sky.In addition to visiting for free, the locals also said that they set off water fireworks... This is how mines were developed. This is a rare lyrical and romantic memory of the people of Loudi Village during the Anti-Japanese War. There is also a repair shop in the Jizhong Military Region, which is a unit directly under the Ministry of Supply and one of the most closely related units of the Technology Research Institute.In a sense, the research society is its brain, and the repair shop is its arm.The counties near Renqiu were originally cotton production areas. Due to this relationship, each county has cotton processing factories and even cotton spinning factories. These machinery mainly processing agricultural products were urgently requisitioned in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, and they were all concentrated in one place. , and become a fixed asset of the repair shop.It may play some role in the production of military equipment, but there are very few machines that can be used to make guns and bullets.However, the Machinery Repair Institute is the largest unit directly under the Ministry of Supply. There are more than 500 employees alone. Most of them come from returned workers from some iron factories and machinery factories after the fall of Pingjin, Hebei and other places, and their technical levels vary. Qi, some are only at the level of handicraftsmen.There are various departments under the repair shop, such as the artillery department, firearms department, military uniform department, etc. Although there are technical personnel among them, most of them are masters and apprentices, and there are very few technical personnel with real professional background.

Under such circumstances, it is difficult for the repair shop to provide strong support and services to the troops.The old jokes about the Supply Department, like the story about the mortars being like hail, were actually aimed at the Armory.Before Xiong Dazhen took office, most of the mortar explosives prepared by the Repair Institute for the troops used the traditional preparation method of "one nitrate, two sulfur and three charcoal". Shock shells can often only hit one or two hundred meters, and the power of bombs is sometimes not much stronger than hail. After Xiong Dazhen took office, he used the scientific and technological talents and research results of the Technical Research Institute to take the lead in carrying out scientific and technological training and enrichment of the Machinery Repair Institute.He invited the members of the research institute to take turns to give classes to the technicians in the institute and train small teachers for them; he used the method of rotation training to transfer the technicians of the institute to the research institute to participate in the research and development activities of the project; Units, so that the repair shop has undergone fundamental changes in a very short period of time.Under the guidance of the Research Institute, the Repair Institute not only learned how to make advanced explosives, but also learned how to make detonators and mines, and learned to assemble shells in a new way, which greatly enhanced the lethality of the shells.After that, they also learned the technology of reloading bullets and improving hand grenades. They took the lead in making smokeless gunpowder in Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei, and finally they were able to make guns and bullets by themselves. Huge effect.

Xiong Dazhen lived up to Mr. Ye's expectations. 1938 was a vigorous year, and this year belonged to Xiong Dazhen. Ye Qisun wrote in his article "Overview of the War of Resistance in Hebei Province": There are about 100,000 troops in Jizhong District, and it is said that there are similar numbers of guns. There is a small factory (armor repair shop) in the district, which can repair and manufacture ordinary guns and make hand grenades.The most lacking thing in the area is the violent explosives.In order to hinder the enemy's attack, the road traffic between the inside and outside the area has been cut off.In mid-September, the enemy appeared to be attacking Jizhong District, so the central government of the district decided to demolish the city.After the city wall is dismantled, it can save the enemy from defending the city and falling.In guerrilla tactics, gains and losses are common.If the lost city still has its walls, the enemy will easily defend it with a small number of troops, and it will be difficult for our army to restore this place.In late September, when the city walls of Gaoyang were being torn down, enemy planes went to Gaoyang to drop bombs twice.Although the loss was not large, it was an omen for the enemy to attack Gaoyang.Although the details of the future are unknown, according to letters from friends in the district at the end of October, the enemy's plan to attack Gaoyang has failed.Shengfang and Baxian near Tianjin are the first roads to attack Jizhong.According to reports, the enemy attacked near Shengfang in mid-November.Anci County near Langfang Station on the Pingjin Railway is the third route to attack Jizhong.This county has suffered several falls and restorations this year...

Most of the information and circumstances in Ye Qisun's article were provided by Xiong Dazhen.This text was written by Ye Qisun in Kunming after leaving Tianjin.After returning to school, someone asked why the huge sum of money was exhausted. Although Mei Yiqi knew about it, she didn't know the details and needed Ye to explain.Ye Qisun made a detailed statement to the councilors at the school's council meeting, and then wrote this article based on the materials he wrote, and published it under the name of "Tang Shi".The exact time Ye Qisun left Tianjin was October 5. There were many reasons for leaving Tianjin: First, the funds were exhausted. "According to statistics, Mr. Ye raised the following funds for Jizhong: 10,000 yuan was allocated from the left-behind fund of Tsinghua University; 18,000 yuan was donated after discussing with Mr. Fu Rengan, chairman of Chengfu Primary School of Tsinghua University. ; In addition to his personal donations and donations from others, it cost Ye Qisun thousands of yuan just to buy the battery..." (Hu Shenghua, "Mr. ", p. 266) Ye Qisun raised about 30,000 to 40,000 yuan for the Jizhong Military Region. Later, the funds that could be raised were completely cut off.He is going to the south to raise funds for Jizhong District.The second is that Tsinghua University has arrived in Kunming, and several universities form the Southwest Associated University, and the Department of Physics will start soon.The third is that the Tsinghua Alumni Association has been targeted by Japanese spies and is in danger of being arrested at any time.Based on the above circumstances, after Ye Qisun arranged everything properly, he secretly set off south, traveled to Qingdao and Hong Kong, and finally returned to Southwest Associated University in Kunming.

From Ye Qisun's text, we can also understand the working environment and general situation of Xiong Dazhen.With his loyalty to the motherland and serious and responsible work attitude, Xiong Dazhen has won the approval of the Jizhong Military Region. Ye Qisun believes that he has established a firm foothold in Jizhong, and even without his protection, he can fly solo .Therefore, this article also has the meaning of summarizing the past work, whether it is for Xiong Dazhen or for himself, it is like a year-end summary, and at the same time it is the beginning of a new year. However, even so, he still couldn't worry about Xiong Dazhen, and there seemed to be an ominous premonition deep in his heart.During the fatigue of traveling south, he wrote a very long five-character poem to express his thoughts——

Jinglu Zhong Lingxiu, a noble family born Haojun.When I entered Tsinghua University, Jun was born in Huangpu Bin.After 20 years of who knows, the school party gathers (Fang Jie Yu Shui Yuan).They have been good friends for six years, and they are as close as flesh and blood.Xijun is handsome and straightforward.The anxious public is good at doing justice, and treats people with sincerity.Every time I have something wrong, you must speak out.If there is something wrong, I will not change it, and I will never abandon it.Thinking about my past so far, sometimes shed tears.Looking back six years, the impression is deep in my mind.The first time I met the lectures, and then I gathered in Yanju.After you graduate, you will live together in the North Campus.During the spring and autumn holidays, we will visit places of interest together.Summer is even more fun, famous mountains or seaside.You are strong and healthy, and you are good at playing tennis.Talent Peytonn, acting and photography.The stage is decorated with clowns, and the colorful sounds are endless.The distant peaks of the Western Mountains are fully illuminated by the red outside.There are thousands of teachers and students, and no one knows you.After the Tanggu Agreement, they traveled together in Zhejiang and Shandong.I know that in the past five years, the national crisis has deepened day by day.After the Lugou Incident, he took refuge in Jingu.In the hospital of my disease, I am lucky to have you.After living together for another half a year, the land is becoming more and more crippled.Evading responsibility is not the husband, and the anger is hard to suppress.Once the emperor rose up, he joined the army in Yishuidong.The aspirations have been restored, and starting a business is difficult.There are people with lofty ideals who joined the army, Xi Wei and Lin Feng [accordingly refer to Wang Dexi, Liu Wei, Li Lin (Guangxin), Lin Feng and others].My grandson can't do it, Jingu encourages him to help.It has been half a year since Youhu, and the results are gradually revealed.I should continue to help you, and chat to comfort my heart.But if you read the southwest industry, all friends also look forward to Yin.So we decided to part ways temporarily and head south by boat.A good friend hosts a banquet, and a good friend Jiang Gan sends it off.Although the appearance is normal, the heart is worried.Those who return to the past in this trip will still remain in their body and mind.Although the boat is comfortable, it is hard to describe the confusion.When times are difficult, refrain from speaking, and walking alone is even more lonely.What to think all day long, thinking in Yi Cang. ("The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", p. 539)

During his stay in Hong Kong, Ye Qisun, through Cai Yuanpei's relationship, wanted to visit Mr. Soong Ching Ling who lived in Hong Kong for support.This incident is exclusively recorded in the "Chronology of Cai Yuanpei" compiled by Uncle Gao Ping: "Ye Qisun went to Hong Kong and talked about the manufacture of explosives in Tianjin, a science student in Pingjin, and the bombing of bridges where the enemy troops passed. It was effective. The first batch of funds was borrowed from Tsinghua University for backup The public funds of more than 10,000 yuan have been used up and need to be raised separately. If you plan to visit Mr. Soong Ching Ling, please write a letter of introduction. Immediately write a letter from Mrs. Sun, and Ye Qisun will take it." Sure enough, Ye Qisun found Mr. Soong Ching Ling.This incident was later confirmed by Qian Weichang: "I received a copy of the "Cai Yuanpei Chronicle" edited by Comrade Gao Pingshu at the Cai Yuanpei centenary anniversary meeting held in the Great Hall of the People. During his stay in Hong Kong, he visited Cai Yuanpei, and asked Cai to ask Vice Chairman Soong Ching Ling for help to support the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in Jizhong District. This is enough to prove that the funding Xiong Dazhen received through Teacher Ye will never come from reactionaries. In order to get more To prove it clearly, I once wrote to Comrade Liao Mengxing, who was familiar with Vice Chairman Soong Ching Ling, and asked her to find out whether Vice Chairman Song had seen Mrs. Comrade Liao Mengxing forwarded an official letter from Vice Chairman Song to prove this fact." (Qian Weichang "Remembering My Teacher, Professor Ye Qisun", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", p. 20) However, given the situation at the time, even if Ye Qisun found Soong Ching Ling, because Hong Kong fell soon, Mrs. Sun wanted to help Jizhong, but there was nothing she could do. During his stay in Hong Kong, Ye Qisun also met his old classmate Du Guangzu. Du Sishi worked in the Resources Committee, and the director was his good friend Weng Wenhao.The Resources Committee was originally a secret think tank organization established by Chiang Kai-shek himself. Most of its members are top talents in various disciplines, but they must have a clear political orientation (that is, support the Kuomintang).Weng Wenhao was a professor of geology hired by Ye Qisun when he was the first dean of the Faculty of Science, and he was also a very good friend.Weng Wenhao was later brought into the Kuomintang by Chiang Kai-shek. (See "The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", p. 571) Weng Wenhao "recruited many people as Chiang Kai-shek's subordinates", presumably Weng Wenhao must have approached Ye to invite him to join him, because Ye Qisun was the chairman of the Chinese Physical Society at the time and the leader of the Chinese physics community It is impossible for Weng not to know Ye's academic status.But Ye did not become its member.There is only one possibility. He doesn't want to follow Weng Wenhao's path and be forced into the Kuomintang. Therefore, "Ye Qisun is not a member."But when I met Du Guangzu in Hong Kong, I still had the joy of meeting an old friend in a foreign country.The Resources Committee moved to Hong Kong to avoid war, and its office settings are the same as those in the Mainland.Hearing Du Guangzu say that they still have a radio station to keep in touch with the mainland, Ye Qisun suddenly remembered the radio station that Jizhong had just prepared. On that end, there was his student Xiong Dazhen who was concerned about him. Perhaps Xiong Dazhen was also looking forward to his own news. So Du Guangzu sent a telegram to Jizhong, informing Xiong Dazhen that he had arrived in Hong Kong safely.During the stay in Hong Kong, Ye Qisun also received a letter from Xiong Dazhen from Tianjin, which was written in cryptic language: Before that, Ye Qisun knew a little about the issues mentioned in Xiong Dazhen's letter.For example, Lin Feng's "bad impression on the students" was known to him before he left Tianjin.Lin Feng's main task was to secretly manufacture explosives in Tianjin, but sometimes he also engaged in assembling ammunition.Because of the lack of gunpowder, they have secretly bought a large number of shotgun bullets, unloaded the warhead, concentrated the gunpowder, and then loaded it into the tail pipe of the mortar, but not all shotgun bullets are suitable for gunpowder, if the model No, the mortar rounds could misfire.Once, Lin Feng got the model wrong.Comrades from the Technology Research Institute reported this situation to Xiong Dazhen. After Xiong Dazhen returned to Tianjin and saw Lin Feng, he criticized him by saying, "Your brother is too irresponsible."Lin Feng's mistake was unintentional, of course it was difficult to accept for a while, and he secretly manufactured explosives in the coal shop for a long time, which was very hard, dangerous, and lonely, and as time passed, he began to think about quitting.He once exposed his dissatisfaction with Jizhong, and Ye Qisun also enlightened him on this.Now that Xiong Dazhen has done work again, Lin Feng's "Lin's shop" must be more prosperous. Ye Qisun hadn't arrived in Kunming yet, so he didn't know anything about Xiong Dazhen's "Home in the South", but he knew that John was John Ma, and he was a respectable sportsman.He is a professor of physical education at Tsinghua University and a native of Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, Fujian.Their family has a very close relationship with Xiong Dazhen. John Ma's girls are all graceful, healthy and beautiful. If it wasn't for the war, Xiong Dazhen might send roses to one of the girls to express his love. .Xiong Dazhen is worried that "home in the south" may have such a long-term love for children. Xiong Dazhen's letter talked about the "marriage of Lu and Lu", which is the focus of this letter.Ye Qisun simply hoped that Lu Zhonglin and Lu Zhengcao could truly unite, which would be a blessing to the people of Hebei and the heaviest blow to the Japanese invaders.Ye Qisun still couldn't understand why his brothers in the house still wanted to fight with each other when everyone was calling at the door.The so-called party, whether it is the Communist Party or the Kuomintang, doesn't it always add the word "China" in front of it?Now the Japanese are coming to destroy your country, remove the "China" on your head, you have no country, and you don't know which country's party you belong to. Is there any essential difference in the struggle?God, stop your hands, hurry up and unite to fight the devils.This was a strong voice from his heart, and it was also the strong voice of the Chinese people at that time. This kind of bipartisan alliance, in the mind of a scientist, is imagined as a wonderful picture of marriage between men and women, which makes people laugh.But if you think about it carefully, it is quite vivid.Isn't the best way to turn two people into one is to get married?What a wonderful thing it is to achieve the goal of working together through marriage.Neither Ye Qisun nor Xiong Dazhen were married before, but at this time they were anxious to let others marry, and imagined that the two parties were like two people, one male and one female, one surnamed Lu and the other surnamed Lu, they were not in free love and needed a middleman They matchmaking.And he, Ye Qisun and Xiong Dazhen, are both free men without party affiliation, so they should be the best old men. In order to resist Japan, they were willing to be matchmakers, thinking that this was a great achievement for the country. Ye Qisun's idea deeply affected Xiong Dazhen. Before Ye Qisun left Tianjin, he asked someone to ask Xiong Dazhen about "Lu Lu's marriage". Xiong Dazhen was busy with everything, and besides, he was only the head of a department in the Jizhong Military Region, so he didn't seem to have a chance to contact the "Lu Family". Therefore, the "marriage" assigned by the teacher was delayed.For Xiong Dazhen, who is serious about things, he always feels unwilling about this matter, as if he has not completed the homework assigned by the teacher, and he is a little bit sorry for the teacher's expectations.His report to the teacher at the end of the letter actually conveyed the overtones in this regard. At this time, Ye Qisun was really full of thoughts and thoughts.He left Hong Kong with half expectations and half worries, and arrived in Kunming at the end of November of the same year.