Chapter 32 fourth quarter

One day after the Spring Festival, Xiong Dazhen, who had held back for a long time, told Ye Qisun his plan to go to Jizhong. Ye Qisun has already recovered, and his pale face has begun to turn red.When he was taking a nap in the afternoon, he reclined on the bed, flipping through the newspapers from all over the place that the students got. Hearing what Xiong Dazhen said, he turned over and sat up, put down the newspaper, and walked over to Xiong Dazhen who was sitting behind the coffee table with his shoes on. Is what you said true? Xiong Dazhen nodded. Seeing the solemn expression on the student's face, Ye Qisun knew that what he said was true.

These days, Ye Qisun felt that Xiong Dazhen was a little strange.He went out more and more, spent less and less time in the office, and his eyes still conveyed the meaning of hesitating to speak.And these performances flashed through Ye Qisun's heart like lightning, but he didn't think about it deeply.Occasionally, he feels that Xiong Dazhen is in full bloom, maybe there is a young girl chasing after him and making some romantic stories.Unexpectedly, the unexpected happened in such a way. Ye Qisun sat back slumped, supported the edge of the bed with both hands, stared at the floor, and said nothing for a long time.

The room fell into silence for a while. Xiong Dazhen knew the teacher's attitude.Over the years, Master Ye has not only been a good teacher and helpful friend to him, but also like a father and son in the emotional world.Master Ye has always taught him to keep moving forward on the road of physical science, not to look at both sides, the right side is power, and the left side is money, which is easy to get but depressing.In his mind, only science can save the country, which is his firm belief.I remember that under Ye Shi’s guidance, after I successfully used infrared light technology for night shooting, Ye Shi excitedly told him that this technology is also advanced in the world. If it is applied to our military reconnaissance, surveying and mapping, etc., The national defense force is greatly strengthened.At present, this kind of research is based on Germany. I hope you will go to Germany to study. After you return to China, I believe you will become the founder of this field... Now, the teacher’s words are still echoing in my ears, but I have chosen another one. Road, teacher, how can I convince you?

Xiong Dazhen gave various reasons. Ye Qisun didn't interrupt, and listened to the students quietly, just like listening to a thesis defense.For Chinese intellectuals after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the path chosen by Xiong Dazhen seemed to be the most difficult topic to solve.In the stormy old China, Ye Qisun made n choices for this question, and he thought he answered all of them correctly.But today, he was in a difficult situation. A few years later, when he was imprisoned, recalling the time when Xiong Dazhen decided to take the road of armed resistance against Japan with the Communist Party, he faithfully wrote about his hesitant feelings at the time:

After the Spring Festival in 1938, one day, Xiong suddenly told me that he had decided to go to Jizhong to help the people there to fight the Japanese armed forces, and there needed the help of scientific and technological personnel, a man surnamed Huang (who lived in a missionary school near Xidan, Beijing) I recommended him to go; I did not approve of him going, but because it was related to the Anti-Japanese War, I could not do my best to stop him, and there was no reason to stop him.A few days later, he set off.I only sent him to the gate of the student union, but I didn't see the person leading the way. ("The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", pp. 563-564)

"I don't agree with him going", this was Ye Qisun's true attitude at that time. However, Xiong Dazhen's multiple-choice questions were really too difficult, and it was difficult for Ye Qisun to judge whether it had the correct answer for a while.If he hadn't stayed in Tianjin, he might not have encountered such a problem.Perhaps fate saw that his experience was too smooth, and deliberately created such waves for him to bear.In short, one day in March 1938, Ye Qisun, who was able to calculate nine chapters in his childhood, experienced the most difficult calculation problem in his life. A heavy punch that cannot be dodged.

On April 14, 1937, the 127th meeting of the Tsinghua University Council approved Ye Qisun to take a vacation in China.That is to say, this year is his rotation year.According to the plan, he can bring his assistants to take vacations or engage in scientific research in China.Even the July 7th Incident broke out, it seems that it did not stop his academic progress.According to the memories of Qian Weichang and others, after the Japanese invaded and occupied Beiping, when Ye Qisun lived in the Liuguo Hotel in the embassy area, he was still guiding students to conduct research projects. At the end of August, he withdrew from Beiping and planned to take Xiong Dazhen south for vacation, but because the railway traffic to the south of Tianjin was interrupted, and he suffered from typhoid fever suddenly, he had to stay in Tianjin.After recovering from a serious illness, I unexpectedly got severe cystitis again, so I had to move from Dr. Li's Hospital to Tsinghua Alumni Association.As luck would have it, Ye Qisun walked into the swamp of his life step by step, and there seemed to be an unknowable force pulling his decision.

After asking Xiong Dazhen some questions, and thinking for a long time, Ye Qisun decided to agree with his disciple to go to Jizhong.However, even long after Xiong Dazhen left, Ye Qisun's inner turmoil was still difficult to calm down: "After Xiong went to Jizhong, for about ten days, I was depressed and confused. I could only sit quietly in the room every day, reading and writing. English novels, please calm down." ("The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", p. 564) There are historical records to prove that the story inspired by Xiong Dazhen was later deduced into a moving feat of technological anti-Japanese and national salvation.But Ye Qisun actually became the actual person in charge and organizer of this student army.

After Xiong Dazhen proposed to go to Jizhong, the thoughtful Ye Qisun began to pay attention to Jizhong, the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army, and the situation of the Anti-Japanese War.As a result of these concerns, he was well aware of the anti-Japanese situation in central Hebei and even Hebei and surrounding areas at that time. He once introduced the anti-Japanese situation in this area in "Today's Review" published on January 1, 1939——Hebei Province Along the Railway Our city was completely occupied by the enemy about a year ago. Although the inland area not near the railway was sometimes ravaged by the Japanese army for a short period of time, it was gradually organized during this year, and it can now be regarded as having a large scale. .There are three areas in Hebei Province, one can be called Jixi District, which includes the mountains to the west of Pinghan Road, Fuping is the political and military center of this area, which is also the seat of the Hebei-Chassu-Sui Border District Government organized by the Eighth Army. The Border Region Government was established around the end of last year.The western Hebei District has a route leading west to Wutai, and the situation is very dangerous.Fuping was once invaded by the enemy in October this year, but was recaptured by our army around the end of October.

The second inland area can be called Jizhong District.Its territory is east of Pinghan Road, west of Jinpu Road, south of Pingjin Road, and north of Cangshi Road, about 25 counties.The leader of this area, General Lu Zhengcao, was originally a regimental commander under Wan Fulin.When Wan led his subordinates to retreat, the general did not retreat, and still led his subordinates to deal with the enemy in the Jizhong Plain.A few months later, there were only five or six hundred of his original subordinates left, but by then the enemy was exhausted and had to withdraw from Jizhong, so General Lu got the opportunity to reorganize the Jizhong area, where Zhang Mengwu used to be The trained militias should be called out to form anti-Japanese troops.In addition, the people were trained, so the anti-Japanese strength increased.As a result, the number of existing troops in Jizhong District has reached about 100,000.The completion of the political organization in the Jizhong District will be completed in February or March of this year.At about the end of June, General Lu was appointed as the commander of the third column of the Eighth Route Army.At the end of September, Lu Zhonglin, the new chairman of Hebei Province appointed by the central government, went to Hebei.It is said that the troops that Chairman Lu brought to Jizhong were about 10,000 people.The author left Pingjin at the beginning of October, and the situation thereafter is unknown.Around the end of September, the author heard that Chairman Lu hoped that the Lu family would go to the east of Jidong to develop.In other words, I hope Lu Shi will give up the situation he created so hard.Around the end of October, Mrs. Lu still hadn't acted on this idea.Mr. Lu is the chairman appointed by the Central Committee, and what he means should be respected, but it may be difficult to implement the method without considering the actual situation.Chairman Lu finally had to give realistic consideration to the current political situation.During the nationwide war of resistance, different political ideologies and organizations had to be tolerated.All those who are indeed doing anti-Japanese work should be encouraged and supported. ("The Situation of the War of Resistance in Hebei Province", by Tang Shi (pseudonym Ye Qisun), "Today's Review", January 1, 1939)

Ye Qisun was originally not interested in politics, and he did little research on the situation of various parties in China.With his basic political knowledge, at that time, he still had no doubts about the role of the national government in the war of resistance against Japan. At the same time, because of the attention of the leading Jizhong Military Region, some of his original ideas have been revised because of the intervention of a group of his students.From this article, we can see some subtle changes in Ye Qisun. The changes in Ye Qisun are very representative.At that time, China was in a period of turbulent integration and reorganization.All the changes originated from the July 7th Incident and the war of aggression against China launched by the Japanese imperialists.On the second day after the July 7th Incident, the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the whole country, calling for the implementation of the whole nation's war of resistance. On July 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed a declaration of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China to the Kuomintang. On August 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on the Red Army and guerrillas to negotiate with the nearest Kuomintang garrison or government under the premise of ensuring the absolute leadership of the party, change the designation or organization, and go to the front line to fight against Japan after obtaining legal status.It took two months for the KMT to respond to the patriotic actions of the Chinese Communist Party. On September 22, the Kuomintang published the "Communist Party of China Announces the Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation Declaration" in major media across the country, and Chiang Kai-shek made a public statement, acknowledging the legal status of the Communist Party.Since then, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have achieved the second cooperation and formed the Anti-Japanese National United Front.In order to implement an all-out war of resistance, the Communist Party held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Fengjia Village, Luochuan County, Northern Shaanxi in August of this year.The meeting put forward the "Ten Programs for Anti-Japanese and National Salvation", which clarified the Chinese Communist Party's proposition of comprehensive resistance and decided that the people's armed forces led by the Communist Party should carry out independent guerrilla warfare in the enemy's rear.According to the spirit of the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ordered the newly reorganized Eighth Route Army to quickly advance behind enemy lines in North China and carry out extensive guerrilla warfare.Lu Zhengcao's Jizhong Anti-Japanese Armed Forces developed under such circumstances.Most Chinese scholars are people who don't care about current affairs and don't join the party. They rarely ask about party disputes. Therefore, they know little about the situation of the Communist Party and its armed forces. Because of this, they subconsciously believe that only the Kuomintang government In order to take on the great task of resisting Japan and saving the country.Ye Qisun thought so too.However, due to the sudden incident caused by Xiong Dazhen, which attracted his attention, after a relatively in-depth understanding and observation, his original understanding and views gradually changed, including changes in thoughts and feelings.From his article, we can see his "bias" towards the Central Hebei Military Region led by the Communist Party. Perhaps because of his recognition of the important role played by the Chinese Communist Party in the War of Resistance Against Japan, as well as the major changes in his thoughts and feelings, after Xiong Dazhen left, Ye Qisun resolutely embarked on a path completely different from other experts and scholars—personally Participated in anti-Japanese activities, and secretly organized a "Ye Family Army" mainly composed of teachers and students from Tsinghua University and college students from Beijing and Tianjin. Taking Jizhong as the main battlefield, he started another way of his scientific practice of saving the country. The main members of this Ye family army are: Xiong Dazhen, Yan Yuchang, Wang Dexi, Lin Feng, Ge Tingsui, Hu Dafo, Li Guangxin, Qian Weichang, Zhang Ruiqing, Zhang Fang and so on. When Mr. Wang Dexi was in the thermodynamics class of Mr. Ye Qisun, he was severely criticized by the teacher for writing a wrong plus and minus sign in a question in the final exam. Unexpectedly, teachers and students formed a friendship because of this.When talking about Ye Qisun's personal participation in the Jizhong Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Wang Dexi recalled: In May 1938, Mr. Ye Qisun made a special trip from Tianjin to Peiping to find me and mobilized me to participate in the anti-Japanese work in central Jizhong to assist Xiong Dazhen, who was then the supply minister of the Eighth Route Army in central Jizhong, to develop high explosives.Xiong is my middle school and college classmate. He is upright and cheerful. After graduation, he stayed in school as Mr. Ye's teaching assistant.I have read Mr. Ye’s thermodynamics. Although I could do a difficult problem in the final exam, I made a wrong plus and minus sign, which made the answer ridiculous. Unexpectedly, Mr. Ye criticized me and deducted all the marks for this difficult problem. .This incident touched me a lot, and Mr. Ye and I became acquainted with each other because of it.Mr. Ye told me that the Eighth Route Army persisted in the war of resistance in Hebei and seized a batch of potassium chlorate, which was used instead of soil nitrate to make black explosives.Mr. Ye knew that there was a potassium perchlorate explosion accident in Tsinghua Department of Chemistry, so he thought that I might know a way to stabilize potassium chlorate, so he found me.At that time, the Beijing Library was open, and I went to read the relevant literature, and I went to Jizhong when I had a solid understanding of this issue.I entered Jizhong pretending to be a missionary. In order to successfully pass the enemy's interrogation, Mr. Ye taught me to say "Wata Kushiwa Christedeska (I am a Christian)" in Japanese. Mr. Ye also taught me to leave some letters home to Beijing, and he would send my parents monthly living expenses, telling them that I was going to teach in Tianjin.Xiong established a technical research institute after I arrived in Jizhong. The technicians were only me and a local teacher, Comrade Zhang Kuiyuan, and several Eighth Route Army soldiers. I used an anvil and a hammer to test whether the explosives were stable, and soon found A method for preparing a safe and stable potassium chlorate explosive was developed.However, since the ignition-type fuse used in black explosives was used to detonate the explosives, the power of potassium chlorate explosives could not be fully exerted, so I wanted to trial-produce a thunderbolt detonator.Later, it was found that adding a small amount of nitro compounds, especially tnt, can greatly improve the performance of explosives.For this reason, Xiong sent me twice to Tianjin to seek help from Mr. Ye.He not only imported medicines for making detonators, copper shells, platinum wires, and detonators to Jizhong, but also mobilized Zhang Fang, Li Guangxin, a college student from Pingjin, and others to work in the Technical Research Institute for Jizhong. Later, in order to solve the problem of platinum wire welding, he also found Tsinghua Physics Department's skilled experimenter went to Jizhong.In addition, due to the difficulty in transporting the chemical raw materials for making TNT, he mobilized Lin Feng, a Tsinghua graduate student who was studying at Yanda University, to Tianjin to secretly prepare TNT in the concession, and made it into bars and blocks, mixed it with soap, and shipped it to Hebei.With this group of fresh troops joining and the required materials, the Technical Research Institute soon successfully developed a powerful landmine that uses an electric detonator to control the detonation at a distance, and blew up an enemy train in Baoding South in September.Before the arrival of this train, the enemy drove a truck on the road to explore the way, and then drove the escort car across the railway to check whether the tracks were normal. We let the two cars pass by, and when the train arrived, it detonated immediately when the front of the train passed the site where the mine was buried, blowing up the front of the train immediately.This move directly threatened the smooth flow of Jinghan Road and shocked the enemy.It took only two or three months from when I arrived in Jizhong to when I made a remote-controlled landmine to blow up the enemy's train.If Mr. Ye had not risked his life to support these personnel and supplies to Jizhong under the eyes of the enemy, this would have been absolutely impossible.In addition to these, Mr. Ye also tried every means to purchase medicine and radio communication equipment for Jizhong.After he learned that the troops in Jizhong were short of bullets, he introduced a bullet maker to work in Jizhong, and tried to smuggle the blueprints for making bullets to the Eighth Route Army in Jizhong.Mr. Ye and Lin Feng worked for the Anti-Japanese Concession in the Tianjin Concession, taking much greater risks than we did in Hebei.Once Lin Feng was arrested by the British Ministry of Industry. In October, Mr. Ye left Tianjin and went to Kunming at the request of the Tsinghua authorities when the rumors that the Japanese were going to take action in the concession became more and more serious.In Kunming, he continued to hold symposiums to raise funds for central Hebei, and wrote articles introducing the Eighth Route Army's persistence in the war of resistance in Hebei, so that the people in the rear knew that there was a Chinese people's team fighting bloody battles against the enemy in the hinterland of Hebei.I don't want to mention these past events, but in memory of Mr. Ye, I must say. (Wang Dexi, "Mr. Ye Qisun Supports Hebei to Fight Against Japan", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 96-98) Mr. Ge Tingsui was protected by Mr. Ye Qisun many times because of his participation in the patriotic movement during his school days, and he was taken care of by his husband when he was seriously ill.Perhaps because of such a deep friendship, Ye Qisun thought of Ge Tingsui again at the critical moment of the development of the Technical Research Institute of the Supply Department of the Jizhong Military Region—— One night in the autumn of 1938, Comrade Yan Yuchang suddenly came to my dormitory (I was alone in one room).I have had tuberculosis with Yan Yuchang, so we are very familiar with each other and understand each other better.I asked him where he had been this year, and he said that he joined the guerrillas. Mr. Ye knew about it, and he came here under orders, asking me to use the cover of Yenching University to do something for the guerrillas: 1 . Make some key equipment, such as detonators and radio components; 2. Consult some information and provide some scientific books and periodicals; 3. Introduce scientific and technological personnel to work in guerrilla areas.Of course, these requirements are incumbent on me, so we agreed on a way to contact each other by phone.He said that he hoped that I would visit the guerrilla zone to understand the situation and requirements of the guerrilla zone.At that time, he only told me that the guerrilla zone was east of Baoding and west of Tianjin, and that someone would lead the way.Soon, Yan Yuchang and Zhang Ruiqing, a trainee from the Biology Department of Tsinghua University, came to me together and said that Zhang Ruiqing was the guide.They come and go dressed up as farmers and businessmen. They first go to Baoding, and then to Baoding Dongguan. The guerrilla zone is more than ten miles away.At that time, I was still ill, and I looked like an authentic white-faced scholar. If I dressed up as a farmer or businessman, the enemy would recognize it immediately.He also said that the east gate of Baoding was guarded by Japanese military police. Once a guerrilla entered Baoding City on business and stuffed his pass in the guerrilla zone in the brim of his hat. The Japanese military police searched him out and was bayoneted to death on the spot! Therefore, it is not easy for me to pass the barrier of Baoding East Gate.Yan Yuchang hinted that I should find Leighton Stuart, the Chancellor of Yenching University, to find a solution.At that time, I was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of the Graduate Student Association of Yanda University, and I had contact with Leighton Stuart, but how could I casually tell people about such a life-threatening matter?A few days later, I told William Ben that I was taking some time off to do some business. His answer surprised me because he asked me if I was going to the guerrilla zone. I thought he was joking.I said that as a Chinese, I really want to go, but how?I didn't tell him the truth.At that time, in addition to attending lectures in the Department of Physics, I also took a course in the Department of Philosophy. Comrades Ge Li and Yao Keyin from the Department of Philosophy, and Comrade Du Hanying (namely Comrade Du Ruo) from the Department of Sociology participated in the lectures.Once, Associate Professor Zhao Chengxin from the Department of Sociology told me that I heard that you were going to the Liberated Areas, but I hesitated and did not give a positive answer.Suddenly one day, Ben William came to me and said that Principal Situ wanted to see me.He went to Linhuxuan with me, and Situ introduced two missionaries from Baoding.They can speak Chinese with a Shandong accent.They said that I could go to Baoding church to find them, and after discussing with Yan Yuchang, it was decided that I should simply dress up as a pastor. I could hire a rickshaw to go to the church in Baoding city after getting off the train in Baoding, and meet with these two missionaries. Sit for a while, and then hire another foreign car to go to the Congregational Church in Dongguan, Baoding.When passing through the east gate of Baoding, if the Japanese military police interrogate, they will say that Baoding Church will go to the Congregational Church to handle affairs. If you don’t believe me, you can call the church and ask.It is said that our own people in the Dongguan Congregational Society in Baoding hired a cart in advance, and after arriving at the Congregational Congregational Congregation, we quickly took the cart and drove eastward for more than ten miles, and we arrived at a safe place.In order to prepare for everything, I borrowed a "Bible", learned to recite prayers, and was issued by Leighton Stuart as a pastor of Huguosi Church in Beiping City.The card says Shu xx (I forgot my name now).I also went to this church once, remembered its geographical location, and learned about its history. One day in November, when it was snowing lightly, I was wearing a navy blue suit, a top hat, and carrying a Bible and a pastor’s certificate in my arms. I took the train from Peking to Baoding. According to the scheduled plan, I passed the east gate of Baoding. Japan After the inspection by the military police, we arrived at the Dongguan Congregational Church. We saw Yan Yuchang and Zhang Ruiqing waiting there from a distance. Everyone got on a cart and ran eastward quickly. I remember that they arrived at a village in Renqiu County that night. At the location of the supply department of the Central Military Region, I met Xiong Dazhen, the head of the supply department.I was very strange.Xiong didn't take much part in the progressive activities of the students when he was in school, and he wasn't a member of the Communist Party, so why did he suddenly take on the important position of director of the supply department of the Jizhong Military Region?It must have been Mr. Ye's idea that I went to the guerrilla zone this time, but I still don't know who told Mr. Yan Yuchang to come to Yanjing to find me.At that time, I didn't ask carefully, and it was not convenient for me to ask carefully. In order to resist the Japanese and save the nation, I left everything alone.As for why Ben William and Zhao Chengxin also knew about this, and why Stuart also helped so much, it is really not easy to understand.Now we only know that a foreign professor (Taylor) from the Department of Sociology has been to the liberated areas, and a foreigner (Sailor) who lives in Situ’s home has also been to the liberated areas. After the Pearl Harbor Incident occurred in December 1941 and Yenching University was occupied by the Japanese army, Ban William also went to the liberated area and wrote the book "Dragon Claw" (in English) to introduce the situation in the liberated area. When William Ben met me at the University of Chicago in 1947, he gave me this book. On February 26, 1987, three comrades, Shen Keqi, Sun Ji, and Wang Yongquan, said in the article "Deeply Remembering Professor Ye Qisun" published on the third page of "People's Daily" that Mr. Ye fought against Japan through the KMT-Communist cooperation established at Tianjin University at that time. The United Front organized the "Tianjin Party-Government-Military Joint Office" and recommended some students from Tsinghua University to the base areas, including Comrade Xiong Dazhen.After reading this article, I realized that Mr. Ye has done a lot of work to support the Jizhong Military Region, and my trip to Jizhong this time was also carefully arranged by Mr. Ye. At that time, I met Xiong Dazhen and was warmly welcomed by him.He has grown a beard.Strangely, he also introduced me to Commissar Wang of the Supply Department as a classmate and friend of Comrade Sun Zhiyuan, Director of the Political Department of the Military Region.How did he know about my relationship with Comrade Sun Zhiyuan?After I arrived in Jizhong District, I changed my name to He Pu ("Pu" stands for Proritaria, referring to the proletariat), and put on a military uniform.I learned that the political commissar of the military region is Wang Ping, the commander is Lu Zhengcao, and the director of the political department is Sun Zhiyuan. Sun was my classmate in the preparatory course at Peking Normal University, and we had participated in some progressive activities together.According to the comrades around him, Xiong Dazhen works very hard, is active and responsible, and is very popular. (Ge Tingsui's "Recalling a Past Event in My Youth", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 123-125) Yan Kuiheng, the second son of Mr. Yan Yuchang, said when talking about his father’s participation in anti-Japanese activities: In 1937, Japanese invaders invaded the Tsinghua University. My father, as a custodian of physics department equipment, was beaten by the Japanese army and injured his leg in order to protect national property. The seeds of hatred for the Japanese invaders were planted in his heart. In the spring of 1938, Mr. Ye was stranded in Tianjin to deal with the work of moving Tsinghua University to the south due to the interruption of the railway to the south.My father also decided to evacuate to the south with the school, and had already shipped away some of his clothes and books in advance.However, the extensive anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare in Jizhong changed his father's original plan, which determined his fate for the rest of his life.Every time he returns from other places, his whereabouts are kept secret, and there are often many small notes in his clothes, which contain some people's addresses and confidential matters.Sometimes he quietly went to discuss matters with others at night, and he repeatedly warned his family members to keep the secrets strictly and not to talk nonsense to outsiders.His mother asked him where he was going in the future, and he said he would go to the south, but he never said that he would go to central Jizhong to participate in the anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare. In July 1938, when my father returned from other places for the last time, he handed over 300 yuan to his mother, saying that it was the expenses of settling down. Since then, his father has cut off contact with his family forever.Later, I heard that Mr. Ye used Tsinghua University’s large sum of funds and personal storage to support the anti-Japanese war in Tianjin, purchased arms and ammunition and shipped them to the anti-Japanese base areas, and comforted the families of the anti-Japanese personnel.Recalling that in such a difficult environment at that time, my father was able to leave the settling expenses so that the family could be taken care of. This was the best effort given the difficult conditions of the Anti-Japanese War. In the autumn of 1945, when the Japanese invaders surrendered, someone came back from the south and told us that my father had not gone to the south at all, but had diverted to the Jizhong anti-Japanese base area. This made us urgently inquire about his whereabouts. In August 1946, in the already liberated Zhangjiakou, I found out that my father's superior was Comrade Feng Yongshun, then director of the Supply Department of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region.Through Minister Feng's introduction, we learned that our father died heroically on May 8, 1942 in the "May 1st" anti-sweeping battle in central Hebei. On August 2, 1946, Comrade Feng Yongshun wrote in a letter to Comrade Yang Chunpu, the mayor of Zhangjiakou City at that time: "Comrade Yan Yuchang joined the army in August 1938 and worked in the pharmaceutical factory of the Jizhong Military Region. He made outstanding achievements. Unfortunately, he He was captured by the enemy in 1942. After being tortured and seduced, Comrade Yan Yuchang showed a high degree of national integrity and was very determined. The enemy's various methods failed to achieve any effect. Comrade Yan Yuchang did not reveal any secrets, and he can be called a national hero , a role model for revolutionary soldiers." My father's heroic sacrifice brought great grief to my family, and at the same time, I miss my father's past even more.For a long time, the question we have been wondering is: How did my father embark on the road of resistance against Japan?It wasn't until the last few years that, through the reports of Comrade Xiong Dazhen, the former director of the Supply Department of the Jizhong Military Region, that he was wrongly convicted, he finally found out the details of how his father joined the anti-Japanese team instead of going to the Southwest Associated University.I learned that apart from my subjective hatred of the Japanese invaders, Mr. Ye's educational guidance and active sponsorship were the most important factors that had the greatest impact on my father. (Yan Kuiheng, "How Mr. Ye Qisun Trained My Father, Martyr Yan Yuchang, and Actively Supported Him on the Road to Anti-Japanese War", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 169-170) Mr. Lin Feng is a 1935 graduate student in the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University.Because of his passion for physics, he had a lot of contact with Mr. Ye Qisun.After Xiong Dazhen went to the supply department of Jizhong Military Region, Tianjin became the underground supplementary line of Jizhong Military Region.The so-called supply department probably had similar functions to today's logistics department, namely raising money and food, distributing clothing and quilts, manufacturing munitions, developing weapons, etc. It determined the survival and quality and energy of the Jizhong anti-Japanese troops.When Jizhong urgently needed advanced explosives, Ye Qisun thought of his chemical engineering student—— After the July 7th Incident in 1937, the situation in Beiping was chaotic, and Tsinghua University moved south.I borrowed the land of the Chemistry Department of Yenching University to continue my graduation thesis experiment, intending to complete my postgraduate study.Tsinghua classmate Qian Weichang occasionally came to Yanjing to read books and told me that Mr. Ye was still in Tianjin and lived in Tianjin Tsinghua Alumni Association.At that time, the Japanese aggressors were approaching steadily, and the survival of the country was becoming increasingly critical.Chen Jie, an underground party member of Yanda University, saw that I was still working in the laboratory alone, so he often came in to talk about the overall situation. A few days before the summer vacation in 1938, Chen Jinjin told me that he would leave Yanda soon and planned to take me to meet an important person, and asked me to wait for his letter and go there according to the time and place stated in his letter.A few days later, I received a letter from him saying that he wanted me to go to Tianjin Yingzhu in early July (July 4 or 5). In the letter, he repeatedly asked not to miss it.I went to Tianjin Tsinghua Alumni Association on time and stayed there.I'll be here during the day, and I'll see Mr. Ye Qisun first.Mr. Ye seemed a little excited when he saw me, and asked me about my situation and plans.I reported to him that I had finished the experiments and the thesis of my graduation thesis, and I had sent a copy to my supervisor in Kunming, Mr. Huang Ziqing.Mr. Ye said, "You can go to Kunming, but it's in chaos now. You can't do anything there. It's better to stay and do some meaningful work." Then he told me that Xiong Dazhen and others had already He went to Lu Zhengcao's troops in central Jizhong to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. Xiong sent a message that the guerrillas needed intellectuals and supplies.Mr. Ye also said that he was looking for someone here and wanted to take advantage of the special status of the concession to raise some supplies and transport them to the guerrilla areas. He hoped that I would join in and do it together.Listening to Mr. Ye's words, based on the little impression of Mr. Ye's personality that I knew in school, I tend to believe that Mr. Ye's starting point is sincere patriotism, but the determination to participate in it cannot be made immediately.I said to Mr. Ye, let me think about it.I have to think about it, because I told Chen Jie that I was going to join the Eighth Route Army, so he introduced me to meet an important person. I didn't want to deviate from my original intention. That night, I lived in a hut, and someone came looking for me after dark.At first glance, it turned out to be Yao Keguang, a student from the Department of Chemistry of Tsinghua University.Yao told me when and how he left school, etc., and asked me about my plans.I told him what Mr. Ye Qisun said to me, and asked him if he knew that Mr. Ye was doing such a job, and whether this should be done. Yao said that he knew that Mr. Ye was doing such a thing, and thought he should do it.The next day, I replied to Mr. Ye that I decided to join their work and work with them. Then I met my classmate Wang Dexi, who joined Mr. Ye's work one day earlier than me.Wang was very happy to see me, and told me that he was preparing to manufacture explosives in Tianjin, and there was a place, but he wanted to go to the guerrilla zone himself, and asked me to take over his job.I agreed without much thought.Before Wang Dexi came, there was Liu Wei, who graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Peking University, and after me, Li Lin, who graduated from the Department of Earth Sciences of Tsinghua University (later I heard that he changed his name to Li Guangxin) successively joined Mr. Ye's work. The place where the explosives were made was a small Baohua paint factory opened by Yang Jinkui, a Chinese-American in Hawaii, at the end of the British Concession.Manager Yang only allowed me to make explosives by myself, and he took special care not to let others come. The raw materials, medicines, and utensils were all bought by his factory's sons, and I handed over the money to him after buying them.There are only three workers in this small factory, including gatekeeping, receiving and dispatching, delivery, and production, and Yang himself takes care of everything else.Workers follow the manager's orders and don't know anything else.Manager Yang asked me not to talk too much to the workers, but of course the workers didn't ask me what I was doing.When Manager Yang left the office after get off work, he also told me to stop working and go home, and the janitor closed the factory door.The manager himself does not work on Sunday, so of course he told me not to go to work either.I use a large enamel pot to make explosives by myself. I have limited working hours and I have to prevent accidents at any time, so naturally I can't make a lot of them.I made TNT explosives into soap bars in batches, mixed them in soap boxes, and Liu Wei and Li Lin tried to secretly transport them to the guerrilla areas.Seeing that the amount of explosives made by one person is limited, I suggested buying large quantities of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, etc. as fertilizers and transporting them to guerrilla areas, and mixing them with TNT to increase the amount of explosives. After I started working in Tianjin, every one or two weeks, Yao Keguang came to see me at night to talk about the situation of the Anti-Japanese War and ask about our work.I always tell him the progress of our work in detail and ask for his opinion.I did this first because my original intention was to join the Eighth Route Army as soon as I joined the War of Resistance, and second because I did not want the work I participated in to be misunderstood one day.Yao always approves of our work.One more thing to add here is that it was Yao Xian who told me that there was a joint office of the party, the government and the army in Tianjin.That winter, I met his younger brother, Yao Keyin, an underground party member. Keyin told me that Yao Keguang had left Tianjin for the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region and changed his name to Yao Yilin. (Lin Feng's "Deeply Remembering Mr. Ye Qisun (Recalling the Anti-Japanese War)", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 87-89) We have confirmed a fact from the memories of the above-mentioned people: Mr. Ye Qisun was their leader and organizer on the road of resistance against Japan.With the purpose of saving the country with science and technology, they used scientific knowledge as their weapon, and took the Jizhong base area as the big stage to stage a shocking drama.This was originally a high-pitched patriotic hymn, a heroic chapter of saving the country through science and technology, but for half a century, it has not only been unknown, but has been covered with a thick layer of historical dust. Buried for many years in the shadow of... Why is that? ! It seems that everything is related to the "bear case". So, what happened to the "bear case"?