Chapter 17 first quarter

Later in the winter of 1927, Cao Yunxiang finally ran out and submitted his resignation to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The cause of the incident that made him unsustainable was actually related to Ye Qisun. This is a historical "relic".In view of Tsinghua's current situation at that time, the school announced that the old curriculum would not change. From 1926, it was still divided into three years of advanced subjects and the first year of university. In addition to the same emphasis on English compulsory courses and Chinese history electives, freshmen and senior three Students can go to various departments of the University Department to take elective courses, and all go to the United States to study after finishing their freshman year. Until 1929, it was closed.After the system reform, some students of the old system asked to go abroad in advance because they worried that they would be blocked from going abroad when they graduated.The restructuring was proposed by the newly elected dean Mei Yiqi and the council and professors' association dominated by the young faction.This is undoubtedly a reform that concerns Tsinghua University as well as the country, and of course it will cause waves in Tsinghua University.

When Tsinghua University was first established, the world collectively referred to it as a "noble school". The reason for this title is not groundless.In the period of Yuan Shikai, there was even the "Guidelines for Xiangcheng Yuan's Relatives and Grandchildren Youmei and Enrollment in Tsinghua School" issued, which set a bad example of dignitaries invading the school.Later, Li Yuanhong and Feng Guozhang also drew up Yuan's story, allowing their children to enter the school without examination. Later, the students in the United States and the school opposed it.It is said that in order to attract Tsinghua people, Li Yuanhong even organized a themed garden tour. "On October 9, 1922 (Monday), 325 Tsinghua classmates and more than 20 family members of the faculty and staff were invited to participate in his "Zhonghai" and "Nanhai" two places. Presidential Garden Party". ("Tsinghua Weekly", No. 255, October 21, 1922, "News" pp. 17-18)

It can be seen that Tsinghua is indeed aristocratic.Those dandies enrolling in school are a waste of the country's money, which has a negative impact on Tsinghua University.Therefore, this kind of phenomenon should be eradicated urgently, which is why the Tsinghua reformers attacked it.Students from the old system are much more likely to catch this trend than students from the new system.However, the voices for reform and the trend of pursuing democracy and freedom are getting closer day by day. They suddenly worry that the school will kick them out. Because of their personal interests, they also started a student movement. A force was born in the garden.What encouraged these people even more was that President Cao Yunxiang secretly expressed his support and agreed to let these students go abroad in advance, while the professors in the council expressed their opposition.

Mr. Wu Mi recorded the origin of this incident in his diary on July 13, 1927—— Negative.rain.Read in the morning.Afternoon, sleep. Ye Qisun recruited to talk about various things in the school. University students Zeng Bingjun and Fu Jufeng came to see us.Turn to Chen Quan to talk.The third and second class of the school's preparatory department for studying in the United States (old system) conspired to travel to the United States in advance this year, and it has succeeded.However, the students of the university department rallied and opposed it, and they must try to stop it.The two sides want to borrow the teaching staff as the most important thing, and the third and second grades should strictly abide by the neutrality of outsiders and do not interfere.University Ministry please join in the opposition.Mi and the others are in a dilemma.What's more, there are many school trends, but there are few days of peace...

Judging from the diary, Wu Mi didn't pay much attention to this matter at the beginning. The students from both sides turned to their teachers for support.Ye Qisun, on the other hand, has a clear-cut stand, not to mention the support of students from the university department, even if he is alone and alone, he must devote himself to reform.Because the issue of going abroad is related to the future and destiny of the country and the nation, it is a big issue in his mind.Therefore, his attitude will be clearer, his actions will be more decisive, and his words will be more violent.He, who had always been refined and gentle, was uncharacteristically attracted the attention of the students in Tsinghua University who wanted to release foreign students in advance.

We will see how serious the situation was from the following account-- At noon on July 16, 1927, Mei Yiqi hosted a banquet for the young and strong factions at the Chang’an Chuncai restaurant on West Chang’an Street. During the dinner, he talked about “the recent quarrels at Tsinghua University have been published in various newspapers. The trend is inevitable.”Therefore, the friends "said that it is appropriate to express their attitudes, so as to avoid the suspicion of being in the same boat and standing idly by, but keeping their jobs."Everyone recommended Wu Mi to draft a "Declaration" on the spot as follows:

This time, the third and second grade students of our school's preparatory department for studying in the United States, who have not yet passed the graduation deadline, actually want to go abroad in advance.This method is really against the school regulations, and embezzles a huge amount of funds, hindering the development of the whole school.Some people strongly disapprove of this move.In addition to reporting to the authorities and trying to cancel the case, I hereby declare. Professors Zhao Yuanren, Chen Yinke, Li Ji (lecturer), Mei Yiqi, Wu Mi, Tang Yue, Ye Qisun, etc. from Beijing Tsinghua School are all in the same room.

After the professors drafted the "Manifesto", they felt that more professors should support them, so they asked Wu Mi to bring the draft of the manifesto back to the school, and contact them again. Wu Mi's diary revealed that the next day, he went to find Ye Qisun to discuss this matter.Ye Qisun believes that the declaration is not only an attitude, but more importantly, it is to achieve the goal.If, as discussed above, only a statement is published in the Beijing-Tianjin newspaper circles, it does not seem to be of any benefit to the current situation. It is better to secretly inform the principal of the statement first, so that he can change his attitude, stand on the side of the professors' association and the council, and turn around. Then do the work of sending students abroad in advance, so that the student movement will subside.Wu Mi agreed with Ye's opinion.The two of them went to Mr. Zhao Yuanren's apartment again, and there happened to be a group of people there yesterday, all of whom were young and strong, so Wu Mi shared the opinions of the discussion just now with everyone.Wu Mi said that this is a bit like the ancients' method of remonstrance, forcing the principal to accept the alliance under the city and cancel the early release to foreign countries.

Chen Yinke had returned from abroad to take office at this time, and he opposed this Chinese-style strategy of twists and turns.He said, don't ask many people to sign for the fun, and don't ask the principal to force them to submit.He asked Wu Mi to take out the manifesto and add more drastic words.This well-known university scholar at home and abroad is doing the work of a knife and pen in person at this time, studying ink and drawing paper, circled dots on the manifesto, added many words, and then read it to everyone sentence by sentence. However, after discussing with everyone, they still felt that Ye Qisun's opinion was more feasible. "The latter agreed (1) to send a quick letter and "Ta Kung Pao" from Mi immediately, and not to publish the "Declaration" issued yesterday. (2) To be urged by the council The principal returned to the school, questioned the details, and asked to cancel the case."

After the restructuring of Tsinghua University, the highest authority in the school was transferred from the original School Affairs Council to the Senate.Members of the Council are elected by members of the Faculty Association.The so-called professor association, as the name suggests, all the professors in the Tsinghua campus are members of the professor association.The first faculty meeting after Tsinghua University's restructuring was held in Room 212 of the Science Museum from 8:00 pm to 12:00 pm on April 19, 1926. There were 60 members, 47 people attended the meeting, and the attendance rate was 78%. Cao Yunxiang was the chairman.There were two important issues at the meeting, one was the election of the provost, and the other was the election of members of the Senate.At this meeting, Mei Yiqi was elected provost with 33 votes.The council elected 7 people as councilors: "The second election results were 40 votes for Mr. Chen Tongfu (Da), 37 votes for Mr. Meng Xiancheng, 33 votes for Mr. Dai Zhiqian, 32 votes for Mr. Yang Menglai (Guangbi), and 32 votes for Mr. Wu Yuseng (Mi). 32 votes for Mr. Zhao Yuanren, 27 votes for Mr. Chen Futian, 20 votes for Mr. Ma Lun, 19 votes for Mr. Qian Duansheng, 16 votes for Mr. Ye Qisun, 16 votes for Mr. Lu Yongyi, 14 votes for Mr. Wang Lishan, 13 votes for Mr. Yu Jinyong, and 13 votes for Mr. Zhu Huichen You have 9 votes. The seven people with the most votes are Chen Tongfu (Da) Lord, Meng Xiancheng Lord, Dai Zhiqian Lord, Yang Menglai (Guangbi) Lord, Wu Yuseng (Mi) Lord, Zhao Yuanren Lord, and Chen Futian Lord, who were elected as councilors."

Ye Qisun only got 16 votes at this time, and he was not yet a member of the council.From the results of this election, it can be seen that at that time he was still in the generation of "people who speak lightly" in Tsinghua University. , the reputation is not too high. But why did this person, who was not even a member of the council, become a front-line figure in the early study abroad movement and attracted everyone's attention? From 8:30 to 11:00 p.m. on July 17, 1927, the school held a talk meeting for professors in the Hougongzi Hall.Cao Yunxiang attended the meeting.At the meeting, Cao Yunxiang faced many questions from the Tsinghua Young Talents School for the first time and "hesitated and contradicted".He is an eloquent person. From domestic to international, he has repeatedly gained a lot in the debate field, but now he can't argue with his words, which shows that he has a guilty conscience. "Especially for the funds for going abroad, the two levels are advanced one or two years in advance, including the decoration funds and Sichuan funds, only 420,000 yuan is enough. And the money he petitioned from the outside is as much as 1.2 million yuan." Most of the professors are returnees who are familiar with the key points, and someone immediately listed the fallacies and contradictions in it in detail. Cao Yunxiang was extremely embarrassed, "I have no words to explain myself, and my calculations are wrong." At this moment, an unexpected situation occurred at the venue. I don't know whether it was premeditated or happened by accident, but the students who wanted to go abroad in advance appeared in the venue in twos and threes. The host asked them to leave the venue several times, but the situation intensified, and it seemed that they were going to surround the venue.In such a situation, some people who did not want to provoke the upper body began to flash their words, and more and more people were sitting on the fence. Cao Yunxiang's embarrassment immediately disappeared. He made a gesture of pleading for the students, and his eloquence and eloquence attracted onlookers The sound of tears of gratitude. No one expected the reversal at the meeting.If it goes on like this, the professors' association will make a decision in advance and decide on the issue of going abroad in advance. Wu Mi was extremely angry and couldn't help protesting when he saw this.But he is a poet, his words are strong but illusory, and it is difficult to hit the point.Cao Yunxiang made a few stunts, which exposed Wu Mi's flaws. He was originally righteous, but he was booed.The situation seems to be more favorable for Cao Yunxiang. At this moment, Ye Qisun stood up. Ye Qisun usually doesn't speak much and has a stutter, so he seldom expresses his opinions in public.It was not Cao Yunxiang who was surprised by his sudden appearance, but his friends from the young and strong faction who were familiar with him. Ye Qisun's voice was low-pitched, with a soft southern tone, and it was almost inaudible in the noisy background.Cao Yunxiang saw Ye Qisun's mouth moving, but the noise in the arena didn't seem to stop at all, so he immediately calmed down.Fighting against a stutterer on such an occasion, he, Cao Yunxiang, could win with half of his mouth covered, so the nervous nerves dropped all of a sudden.He joked like an outsider: "Mr. Ye, what are you talking about?" "I mean, can I ask you a question?" "A... question? What's the question?" Cao Yunxiang was a little at a loss for words, he stuttered, and immediately said sorry, because it was suspected of attacking the opponent's flaws.This little technical gimmick made the onlookers burst into laughter, and the professors in the arena were very disdainful of Cao Yunxiang's small behavior. It was like the meeting of two streams of cold and warm convective air. The noisy sound suddenly retreated at this moment, and the hall suddenly fell silent. "I mean, can I ask you a question?" Ye Qisun repeated it again, with the same tone and calmness as before. "Please say." Cao Yunxiang took off his glasses, lifted the corner of his undershirt and nodded to Ye Qisun while wiping it, his attitude was much more sincere. "You are the chairman of the council, can you tell everyone about the duties of the council?" Cao Yunxiang did not expect Ye Qisun to ask this question.This question was so simple that he never thought of its existence.Perhaps it is because of its simplicity that it may be a trap.His heart that had been let go immediately lifted up again, and his mind turned rapidly, but the answer was blank. He was a little flustered, and asked: "Is it its terms...or..." He was really incoherent, but the students outside the venue didn't know the details, and laughed again with a "boom". Ye Qisun's eyes became a little harsh, "Then let's talk about the provisions!" It was only at this time that Cao Yunxiang realized that all the advantages he had just now were actually a foreshadowing, or a price. To answer this seemingly simple but difficult question, even if all the answers are answered, the initiative is still in the hands of the other party. , because a principal who is also the chairman of the council should answer this question as if he was looking for something in his pocket, which is really normal.If you can't answer, it's a big joke. However, Cao Yunxiang is walking towards this joke. Perhaps because he is used to the patriarchal system, he and Tsinghua's current council are always somewhat incompatible.This council, which was democratically elected by many professors, was so absent-minded when formulating the charter.There is a faint resistance in his heart to the formulation of those clauses.Of course, he won't let everyone see his mentality of Ye Gong's love of dragons.On the surface, he is enthusiastic and responds positively, but in his heart he is overwhelmed by rejection.With a strong desire for power, he even completely forgot the terms of the council. He said a thing or two in a daze. Ye Qisun corrected him calmly and said, "You are talking about the provisions of the professors' association." Sweat dripped from Cao Yunxiang's bald head. He took out his handkerchief and began to wipe the sweat. "The meaning is almost the same." He murmured in a low voice, and pretended to be concentrating again. The atmosphere at the venue began to change.At this point, the professors knew Ye Qisun's intentions: How can a person who can't even say the terms of the council guarantee the most basic democratic rights of everyone? Wu Mi clapped her hands, which attracted a great response from the young and strong faction. Cao Yunxiang couldn't figure it out, his face became like a blank sheet of paper. Ye Qisun didn't embarrass him too much, and said: "Maybe you have worked hard on everything, so let me explain it for you. I will first talk about the five articles of the professor's association, and then the nine articles of the council. If it is not right, you can advise." At this time, Cao Yunxiang had no idea at all, so he had to let it go. Ye Qisun actually stated many articles of the professor's association and the council in turn, clearly and accurately, as if he was criticizing a student's homework assignment, and occasionally introduced the succession and internal logical relationship of the articles during the presentation. The structure was meticulous, The law is strict.He seems to have been familiar with these abstract clauses long ago, and he definitely didn't create them on the spur of the moment.The strange thing is that Ye Qisun didn't stutter at all during the narration process. Although the speed of speech was still a little slow, he articulated words like pearls, and his sentences seemed to come to the heart in an environment of attentive listening, with a special effect of endless lingering. The venue was extremely quiet. No one expected that the boring questions and answers would turn into wonderful speeches.Supporting its internal tension is a master of physics and mathematics, a person who is proficient in Chinese studies and philosophy, and what is more admirable is his rigorous attitude towards education.What kind of people are there at the venue? They are Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Zhao Yuanren, Wu Mi, Jin Yuelin, Feng Youlan, Zhu Ziqing, Xiong Qinglai, Gu Yuxiu, Chen Daisun and many others. Weighing out his admirable inner strength, this is a man with both courage and depth! Cao Yunxiang suddenly remembered Ye Qisun's profound background.He somewhat regretted his contempt for him... Ye Qisun said that the 4th, 6th, and 9th clauses of the council's responsibilities are very clear. At present, no individual has the right to arbitrarily decide on the matter of going abroad in advance, and the council must make a collective decision.However, he is here to state his basic personal attitude, and he firmly opposes the practice of going abroad in advance!He hoped that these students would think more about the country and not blindly make their own calculations... Ye Qisun's speech was overwhelmed by the thunderous applause of the professors.There is a one-sided trend in the field, and everyone agrees to submit this matter to the council for resolution... Perhaps because of the head-to-head confrontation that night, Ye Qisun was suddenly regarded as the biggest obstacle by the students who went abroad in advance.This led to his distress three days later. The next day, the school council made a decision and announced it in the whole school—— Council Announcement July 18, 16 This time, due to the issue of going abroad in advance for the third and second grades of the old system, disputes arose.On the evening of July 17th, the professor held a talk meeting in the Hougongzi hall, and asked the principal to explain the details of the matter.After the professors expressed their opinions on the spot, they also publicly recommended that the council meet immediately to consider the merits and demerits of the matter, express their attitudes on behalf of all the professors in the school, and formulate a solution.Once agreed upon, it shall be announced immediately and formally communicated to the board of directors.The association will hold a meeting at President Cao's residence on July 17th from 11:00pm to 1:00pm.During the discussion, there were two representatives of the old senior high school and senior high school two, who came to the meeting to state their opinions.I would also like to ask this Council not to make a decision for the time being, and consider it again after the relevant level sends a letter of detailed reasons to this Council.As promised, the Association decided to hold a meeting at 10:00 am the next day, and discussed in detail again. As a result, three proposals were passed, and the announcement was made as follows: (1) In accordance with the school regulations and for the future of the school, the third and second grades of the old system should not go abroad in advance this year. (2) The right to study in the U.S. for seniors and seniors under the old system stipulated in the school constitution should be actively protected. (3) Students of the old system and the new university should love and respect each other and blend in seamlessly.It is not advisable to hold grudges for this accident. At the same time, "Ta Kung Pao" also published news that several professors objected to going abroad in advance—— A Letter in the Tsinghua Movement Jin Yuelin and others asked the school board of directors to express their attitude (Beijing News) Tsinghua School Professors Association Jin Yuelin and others have sent a letter to the board of directors to deny it because of the declaration of the school's students from the preparatory department for studying in the United States.The letter said: Mr. Director, public reference.Dear Sirs, please read the declaration of all students of the Preparatory Department for Studying in the U.S., which states that "The Board of Directors of Tsinghua University, in order to devote all its efforts to the development of the University Department and the Graduate School, has decided to end the old Preparatory Department for Studying in the United States as soon as possible. More than 80 people at the level were dispatched overseas in advance."It is also said that "some of us, especially those who are not afraid of serious questioning, went abroad this time ahead of schedule, and all of them are based on the board of directors' plan to develop Tsinghua University" and other words.According to this proposal, it is close to Tong, and the reason mentioned is obviously a clever decoration.Presumably it is not the intention of your directors, you should ask to make a formal denial immediately, so as to eliminate misunderstandings and stop floating rumors, which is really convenient.Hereby I respectfully ask the police, and hope to see you again. Professor of Tsinghua University Jin Yuelin Tang Yue Chen Yinke Ye Qisun et al With the permission of the principal and the support of the student movement, the students who wanted to go abroad had some signs of success. However, because of the opposition from the Tsinghua Young Talents, the things that were supposed to be achieved were suddenly overthrown, and they could not help feeling resentful .They use very classical methods of school terrorism to attack the leading figures first, intimidating, intimidating, coercing them with violence, forcing them to submit, and defeating them one by one.And Ye Qisun and Wu Mi are the No. 1 and No. 2 people on this list. To deal with Wu Mi, they used intimidation: July 18, 1927 ... During the meal, Chen Zhiyuan and Zhang Hongde, representatives of the third grade of the senior high school, came to make various comments, insults and warnings to Mi and others. (It is said that the second level will take revenge. If the matter fails, they will hurt Mi and others to vent their anger and so on.) After a long time, they will go. ) July 19, 1927 ... From 1 to 2 in the afternoon, Cao Xiwen came to the room, very angry, but failed to find anything.Mi Qiangzhi's discussion.He abused Mi and others wantonly, saying that they were mortal enemies.He is dead without regret.Now I am willing to sacrifice this body to follow Jing Ke's legacy and avenge my peers. According to Mr. Wu Mi's diary, after this student Cao "slapped the table and stomped his feet and swore angrily" at Wu Mi's place, he "wanted to find Ye Qisun to question Yunyun". The so-called "finding something but not finding it" is probably not looking for something, but looking for someone. He wanted to find Ye Qisun, thinking that the two were close friends and they should be at Wu Mi's place.If he didn't find it, he vented his anger on Wu Mi first, so he staged a "beating drums and scolding Cao".After the matter is over, go to Ye Shi again, and it seems that more ruthless methods have been used to deal with Ye, and it is very likely that he will "fish and kill his family". Wu Mi was very worried about Ye Qisun, so "Mi hurriedly sent his servants to report to the patrol police of the North Court to protect Ye Jun. Mi went to the recruitment office to seek refuge." On July 20th, the third day after the professor's meeting, Ye Qisun was threatened by force by senior three and second grade students Cao Xiwen and Liang Juzhang, forcing him to withdraw his order and change course. Cao Xiwen is from Jinan, Shandong, and Liang Juzhang is from Nanhai, Guangdong. Both of them can study well, but their tempers are short-tempered.Wu Mi said that Cao Xiwen was "deeply pessimistic, kind of crazy", and he was the kind of person with poor self-control ability.Cao Xiwen later stayed in the United States, studied liberal arts, and received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin.After studying in the United States, Liang Juzhang studied business and obtained a master's degree in business administration from Stanford University.They had found out Ye Qisun's whereabouts in the morning of that day, and when the students from the university department dispersed and Ye was the only one in the research room of the physics department, they broke in with a sharp knife in their arms. Even with the knife on his neck, Ye Qisun still did not give in. The hostage-taking case in Tsinghua University was carried out in secret for six hours. Although it was extremely thrilling, because Ye Qisun kept quiet and dealt with it calmly, the police were not alerted to intervene.Therefore, the situation did not expand, and the conflict did not escalate. The last two extreme students were finally persuaded by Ye Qisun and turned the fight into friendship. Wu Mi wrote in his diary that day: In the evening...and Chen Yinke called in, and told me that from 11 to 5 o'clock today, Ye Qisun was in the physics laboratory with Cao Xiwen, a third-year senior, and Liang Juzhang, who were threatening each other with knives and scissors. They were about to commit murder for six hours... This incident ended with the victory of the young professors.Perhaps it was this setback that made Cao Yunxiang submit his resignation to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on December 28 of that year, and left Tsinghua University on January 16, 1928. Through this incident, a young professor who was not noticed at first came out from behind the heavy curtains of Tsinghua University and entered everyone's field of vision.In the words of Chen Yinke, Wu Mi and others, "This is a person who can take responsibility."Since then, his figure and voice have been indispensable in public affairs and major policies related to Tsinghua University. In the history of Tsinghua University, 1928 is a very important year.This year, due to the victory of the Northern Expedition, Beiping was controlled by the Nanjing Nationalist Government. The so-called "changing king's banner at the top of the city", Tsinghua Garden also entered a new era. In the late spring of this year, before the Nanjing forces penetrated Tsinghua University, on May 31, the school held a faculty meeting. At this meeting, Ye Qisun was elected as a councilor and entered Tsinghua's highest administrative body. When the Nanjing National Government sent personnel to Tsinghua University, it showed a rare cautious attitude.Compared with the feudal comprador bureaucrats and politicians in the past, Nanjing has shown a new attitude.Therefore, it did not rush to send people to the post, but took precautions and added some fashionable elements, such as research and research, listening to opinions and so on.The injection of these elements was later confirmed to have Luo Jialun's personal touch.He was already an aide of Chiang Kai-shek at this time, and most of the political propaganda standards of the relevant national governments came from his handwriting.In actual experience, Luo Jialun, who was the leader of the student movement and stood at the forefront of the May 4th Movement, has long since grown into a scholar-politician in the background of the feather fan and scarf. Among Tsinghua University's many principals, Luo Jialun is not considered talented, but he is definitely full of personality.At the welcome meeting with the teachers and students of Tsinghua University for the first time, he appeared in a military uniform: he wore the rank of major general on his shoulders, riding boots on his feet, sharp spurs, a brown-red riding whip in his hand, and a medal of unknown origin on his chest. , the freshly ironed trousers of the military uniform are like knives, a shiny hair parted in the middle, a pair of glasses as thick as the bottom of a shochu bottle, and a fat baby face, which inadvertently reveals a youthful look while pretending to be deep. The state of success.All these left a very deep impression on the teachers and students of Tsinghua University.Obviously, this appearance was carefully designed by Luo Jialun, and he had rehearsed it countless times in his heart.It concentratedly represents his personal aesthetics and values.He was born as a student, started as a student movement, and is a scholar-type party member, but he is still a literati in essence, which is why he has such a strong feeling of returning to his hometown. However, it turned out that Tsinghua University did not accept the party principal.His stylized appearance later became a joke in the Tsinghua University. Even after he was driven out by the "Exorcism Movement" two years later, it was still a regular impromptu sketch performed by Tsinghua people after dinner. When Luo Jialun was still in Nanjing, the Nationalist government asked someone to inquire about the internal situation of Tsinghua University.In this way, Ye Qisun floated to the surface.In order to save Luo Jialun from being expelled, the Nanjing side "had to invite Ye Qisun to meet with Luo in the south through Zhao Yuanren, listen to his opinions, and only announced Luo Jialun as the first president of Tsinghua University after obtaining his consent." ("The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", by Yu Hao and Huang Yanfu, Fudan University Press, 2000 edition, p. 121) In the days of close contact with Luo Jialun in Nanjing, Ye Qisun, who has always been depoliticized, was once infected and moved.Luo Jialun is one year older than Ye Qisun, from Shaoxing, Zhejiang.His father, Luo Chuanzhen, was quite political when he was an official in Jinxian, Jiangxi. He once donated his salary to buy 50,000 catties of hemp seeds for farmers to plant.Many years after leaving the government, there are still villagers who donate linen as gifts, thinking of its virtue of benefiting people.Luo Jialun entered Fudan Public School in Shanghai when he was young, and once studied under Youren.Yu Youren admired Luo Jialun very much, and once wrote a book association for him that was spread all over the country, "Iron shoulders bear morality and righteousness, and write articles with hard hands", and he has high hopes for him. In 1917, Luo Jialun entered Peking University, majoring in foreign literature. On May 4, 1919, a large-scale student patriotic movement broke out in Beijing.Luo Jialun, Jiang Shaoyuan, and Zhang Yanji were promoted as "general representatives" by students of 13 schools, and submitted their opinions to the embassies of Britain, the United States, and France.The only printed matter issued on the day of May 4th, the "Manifesto of the Beijing Academic Circle", was drafted by Luo Jialun.The declaration advocated "struggling for sovereignty externally and eradicating national thieves internally", categorically stating that "China's land can be conquered, but not destroyed", "Chinese people can be killed, but not bowed down", with only a few hundred words, it can be described as imposing. Rainbow, every word is sonorous, full of appeal. Since 1920, he has successively studied philosophy, history and literature at the University of London, the University of Berlin, and the University of Paris. In 1926, he returned to China as a professor of Southeast University. When the Northern Expedition started, Luo Jialun joined the army as a member of the General Headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army, the chairman of the editorial board, and Secretary of Chiang Kai-shek.During the war, Luo Jialun experienced many tests of life and death. When negotiating with the Japanese army in Jinan, he was awe-inspiring and unyielding when a Japanese pistol was pointed straight at his chest, and he was praised by the world. Now, this figure on the cusp of the storm will enter the Tsinghua University again. Ye Qisun thinks about Luo Jialun's background as a scholar, so he still cooperates very well.He poured out all he knew about the factional situation, education situation, educational reform situation in Tsinghua University, and many disadvantages that were difficult to integrate with the bureaucracy and the board of directors in the old system. Luo Jialun strongly promoted Tsinghua University to become a veritable university and laid the groundwork. On November 2, 1928, Luo Jialun, the new president, presided over the faculty meeting, and Ye Qisun was re-elected as a member of the council.Later, Luo Jialun hired Ye Qisun as a member of the Scholarship Committee, Admissions Committee, Journal Editorial Committee, etc. Ye Qisun's reputation in Tsinghua University was growing day by day, and he gradually became an indispensable leader of the school. Luo Jialun's greatest contribution to Tsinghua was that during his tenure, the school successfully got rid of the control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, made it enter the sequence of the Ministry of Education, and officially changed its name to Tsinghua University.Although the people of Tsinghua University did not take this major general seriously, the national government frequently showed favor to him.Therefore, on June 12, 1929, the Ministry of Education submitted to the Executive Yuan for approval and officially promulgated the "Organizational Regulations of National Tsinghua University", stipulating that Tsinghua University should establish 15 departments in three schools of arts, science and law.Chen Yinke once commented on Luo Jialun: "Zhixi (Luo Jialun's word) is in Tsinghua University, and officially established Tsinghua University as a domestic university. The public morality is very high." On July 6, 1929, Ye Qisun was appointed as the first dean of the School of Science of Tsinghua University and the head of the Department of Physics at the age of 31. This is the beginning of the golden age of Shuimu Tsinghua University. Mei Yiqi has a famous saying: "University is not just called a building, but a master." This sentence suddenly points out the mystery of running a university. Only first-class teachers can educate first-class talents. .This can be described as a unique secret to running a school in colleges and universities.In the history of Tsinghua University's founding, it has become a good story by attracting talents and introducing teachers. In fact, as early as Southeast University, Ye Qisun had already started looking for talents for Tsinghua from the moment he received the letter of appointment from Tsinghua University.Zhao Zhongyao is one of the talents he discovered. Zhao Zhongyao is not tall, with a round face, fair skin, a pair of bright big eyes that are always smiling, shining with wisdom among the waves of gentleness and kindness.He originally studied chemistry. When Ye Qisun was hired as an associate professor by Southeast University, he had just graduated from university and was working as a teaching assistant at Southeast University.Perhaps because of their relationship as young people, they and Shi Ruwei, another teaching assistant, often spend their spare time outside of teaching in a bachelor's way of life.After getting along for a long time, they saw each other clearly. Therefore, when Ye Qisun received the letter of appointment from Tsinghua University and mobilized the two to go northward, Zhao Zhongyao and Shi Ruwei followed Ye Qisun without hesitation. Zhao Zhongyao followed Ye Qisun to Tsinghua University, and since then, a wonderful life has been presented in front of him. In 1927, Zhao Zhongyao accepted Ye Qisun's suggestion to go to the United States to specialize in nuclear physics research.Perhaps all of this is made up of a series of coincidences and chances. When Shi Shiyuan, a student of the first batch, was sent to Madame Curie’s laboratory in France for further studies, Ye Qisun entrusted him to purchase a radioactive source—radium—for Tsinghua University and also for China.The author once used the words "the first gram of radium". In fact, what Shi Shiyuan bought was not 1 gram of radium, but 0.5 gram of radium.The reason why the author called it that is because there was such an article—"Madame Curie and One Gram of Radium", in which there was such a passage—the reporter asked Mrs. Curie: "If you let everything in the world go to you Choose, what would you like most?" Madame Curie replied softly: "I need 1 gram of radium in order to continue my research. But, I can't afford it, the price of radium is too high." Everyone knows that Radium was discovered by Mrs. Curie, however, she gave up the patent of Radium.It was because she gave up the patent that she was embarrassed and couldn't afford radium. It can be seen how precious and rare a research material radium was in the world at that time! However, the far-sighted Ye Qisun sent Tsinghua students to travel across the oceans. After untold hardships, he finally got the first gram of radium in China to welcome Zhao Zhongyao, who was in urgent need of research materials when he returned from his studies— At the beginning of 1932, when I returned to Tsinghua University at the invitation of Mr. Qisun, I saw that the Faculty of Science and the Institute of Sciences of Tsinghua University founded by Mr. Qisun in 1929 had shown the dawn of China's scientific career, and professors in various departments were continuing their work. Subjects and researches that he has engaged in abroad, and brought graduate students.The Department of Physics is even more successful. Seven laboratories have been built. There are metalworking and carpentry workshops necessary for repairing and manufacturing instruments. There are also skilled young technicians hired from Germany and trained by ourselves to make instruments for scientific research.It is precisely because Mr. Qisun has spared no efforts in his management and created conditions for everyone that I will be able to carry out nuclear physics experiment research soon after returning to China.Gong Zutong, a third- and second-level graduate of the Department of Physics, stayed in the Department as a teaching assistant. At this time, he transferred to the Department of Physics of the Institute of Science as a graduate student. He cooperated with me and completed the experiment on the generation and annihilation of electron pairs in 1933. The fourth experiment after the three experiments completed in the United States and Germany, the paper was published in nature132 (1933) 709. (Zhao Zhongyao's "Mr. Qisun's spirit should last forever", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 30-31) When Zhao Zhongyao visited the Cavendish Laboratory in the UK, the famous physicist Rutherford once said to him: "In the past, you Chinese studied here a lot, and your grades were good, but you couldn't hear your voice when you went back. I hope you go back and continue to do scientific research." However, it is not easy to "go back" to do scientific research!At that time, the atmosphere of science in China was still quite weak.For scientific research, most of them still stay at the stage of "no people in the empty mountain, but hear people's voice".Ye Qisun is obviously well aware of the disadvantages. Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of the department, while building various laboratories, he also focused on creating a new style of study.From metaphysics to empirical evidence, from talking about wars on paper to seeing blood with swords, from sitting and discussing the truth to flying across mountains in the atomic world under the convex mirror, Ye Qisun opened up a generation of traditions, and spread Tsinghua's excellent style of study to China's science and technology at that time boundary. Zhao Zhongyao is a good example. He returned to Tsinghua University in early 1932, and completed a new experiment in cooperation with Gong Zutong in 1933.This is the fourth experiment after the three experiments of similar projects he completed in the United States and Germany, and its difficulty can be imagined.But he hardly paused, as if walking from one laboratory to another, he maintained the coherence of thinking and the continuity of scientific research. It can be seen that the laboratory of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University should have World class. It is Mr. Ye Qisun who created this miracle. The miracle happened, perhaps because of Madame Curie's radium. As we all know, in the scientific community, the discovery of radium is tantamount to announcing the beginning of an era. As early as the first half of the 19th century, some physicists discovered that when the metal electrode in the vacuum tube was energized, its cathode would emit some kind of ray, which was affected by the magnetic field and had certain energy, so it was called cathode rays.It was the German physicist Roentgen who pursued this ray relentlessly throughout his life. 1895年11月8日晚，当他再一次做阴极射线实验时，意外地发现了一种新的射线，这种射线具有极强的穿透力，它甚至可以穿透皮肉透视骨骼。由于对此了解甚少，伦琴暂时将其命名为x射线。正是x射线的发现，使伦琴成为世界上第一个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的人。 法国物理学家贝勒尔在伦琴的启发下继续对x射线进行研究，他用一种叫铀盐的荧光物质做实验，最后得出结论——这种新射线是由铀原子本身发出的。 将放射线研究推向高峰的是居里夫人。1898年4月12日，居里夫人宣布钍像铀一样具有放射性，证明放射性绝不是某个元素独有的现象。那么在众多金属元素中，什么样的元素拥有最强的放射性呢？经过数年的寻找，居里夫妇终于相继找到了0.12克纯镭，测定出镭的原子量为225，比铀的放射性强200多万倍。正是因为这个发现，1903年，居里夫妇共同分享了诺贝尔物理学奖。 x射线不仅导致了放射性物质的发现，也促进了电子的发现。英国物理学家汤姆逊实验证明，阴极射线是一种带负电的粒子流，其质量只有氢离子的千分之一，汤姆逊将之命名为“微粒”，后来又称之为“电子”，意即它是电荷的最小单位，比原子更小。由于射线以及随之而来的一系列发现，就像一场接力赛事，而之后的量子力学，就是在原子物理学基础上建立起来的。 居里夫人的镭为20世纪的科学创造了一个高度，一个全新的世界将以多姿多彩的方式呈现出来。谁拥有居里夫人的1克镭，谁将会站在当时科研的制高点上。 就像从普罗米修斯手中借来火种一样，叶企孙就是那个点燃火种照耀中国科技界的人。 赵忠尧和龚祖同合作的论文在国际核物理界是否引起强烈反响，因为缺少这方面的资料，笔者不得而知。但有一点可以肯定，它当时至少引起了一位后生的注意，这个人就是后来获得诺贝尔物理学奖的杨振宁先生。事隔近60年后，1991年杨振宁与李炳安曾在《大学物理》第三期上撰文，还再次提到这篇论文。杨振宁与邓稼先、黄祖洽等人都是清华南迁并入西南联大时物理系的学生。赵忠尧90岁生日的祝寿会上，老人拿出了一封50年前的推荐信，此信是他与当年杨振宁读研时的导师王竹溪合写给梅贻琦建议杨留美后改变研究方向的。我们或许从这封信中可以看出清华物理学人薪火相传的师承关系和甘为人梯的精神—— ……前奉函嘱对留美公费生杨振宁君之研究计划加以指导，经与杨君数次商谈，以目前美国情形，高电压实验较难进行，可否略予变通以应时宜。查高电压实验之目的在研究原子核物理，杨君对原子核物理之理论尚有门径，赴美深造，适得其时。研究此门学问以普林斯登大学（princeton university）较宜。专此奉达，以备参考。敬候。（《清华校友通讯丛书》第26册，第72页） 或许正是叶企孙手中高擎的不熄的火焰，才使赵忠尧和龚祖同的原子核物理研究再次不同凡响。这正是卢瑟福所期许的中国声音。而杨振宁则是有心倾听者。因此，当他循着老师的声音向前走去时，特别是到了大洋彼岸，那些原来储存心间的中国声音便物化成一块块铺路石，承载着他坚实地向着原子核物理研究的高峰追寻。1956年，杨振宁和李政道在美国联手发现了原子核内部的宇称不守恒定律，被科学界认为大大深化了人类对微观世界的认识。在摘取诺贝尔物理学奖的漫长征程中，他们凝望星空时，想必会看到隐于历史深处的老师们的点点星光。 杨振宁论及的那篇论文提到作者时将龚误译成了“孔”，作为同一山门出来的师兄弟，倘若有谁进行核物理研究，杨应该是如数家珍不会遗漏的。但是，他还是错了。只是这错似乎并不怪他。 这与叶企孙先生有关。 1932年后，清华大学开始向全国招考公费留学生。叶企孙先生从当时的国际国内形势需要和科学事业的发展要求出发，广泛征求有识之士意见之后，专门找龚祖同谈了一次话。叶企孙说：“应用光学在军事上非常重要，现在世界上各个强国都在研究它，而这个领域在我国还是空白。我想选派一名学生到国外去学应用光学，希望你能考取这个名额。”龚祖同当即对老师说：“是空白我就去补它！”于是他很快从核物理研究专业中退出，改变专业方向，并在很短时间内考取了当时世界上代表该领域最高水平的柏林工业大学，攻读应用光学。 就这样，仅仅是叶先生的一句话，中国少了一个核物理学家，却建立了一个新的应用光学领域。龚祖同成了中国光学的奠基人和开拓者。 杨振宁当然不知个中款曲，他一直以为龚祖同是搞光学的，根本不知他曾先于自己搞过核物理研究，因此才有“龚”、“孔”之误。