Chapter 10 third quarter

In the days at Harvard, the other two people who had to be mentioned were Wu Mi and Chen Yinke. Chen Yinke was born in Xiushui (Yining), Jiangxi Province, and was born in Changsha, Hunan Province on July 3, 1890 (the 17th day of the fifth lunar month in the 16th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty).His grandfather, Chen Baozhen, was the governor of Hunan during the Reform Movement of 1898.Father Sanli, courtesy name Boyan, also known as Sanyuan, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty, one of the "Four Great Princes", as famous as Tan Sitong, Tao Baolian, and Wu Baochu, with "Sanyuan Jingshe Poems" published, and was once the "New Jiangxi School" the leader.

From 1902, 12-year-old Chen Yinke traveled eastward with his brother to study in Japan.Two years later, he was admitted to the official fee for staying in Japan. In 1907, Chen Yinke, who was recuperating at home, was admitted to Fudan Public School in Shanghai. After graduating in 1909, he went to Europe to study in autumn. He studied at the University of Berlin, Germany, and traveled to Norway, Switzerland and other countries. When he was in Switzerland, he studied at the University of Zurich. In the autumn of 1912, he returned from Switzerland and lived in Shanghai. In the spring of 1913, he went to Europe to enter the University of Paris.In the fall of that year, the Department of Education of Jiangxi Province called him back to Jiangxi to read the examination papers of candidates studying in Germany. He read the examination papers continuously for 3 years, so he stayed in China and went abroad after 5 years.At that time, because the First World War was not completely over, he failed to go to Europe, so he went to the United States to enter Harvard University, where he studied Sanskrit and Pali for two years with Lanman.

At this time, Wu Mi and Chen Yinke got acquainted.Wu Mi once described the process of his acquaintance with Chen Yinke in his diary: "Shi Mi met Chen Yinke at Harvard University in the United States in the eighth year of the Republic of China. Summarizing all kinds of Chinese and Western knowledge, old and new, I will definitely regard Yin Ke as the most knowledgeable person in the country. I have read it for fifteen or six years, traveled to three continents, and made friends with the people of the world. I still insist on this statement. And I like everyone. It is the same as what I said. Although Yinke is my friend, he is really my teacher." Mr. Wu Mi's respect for Chen Yinke is by no means flattery. Please read the following passage, and we will have a glimpse of Chen Yinke's academic attainments: In the 1930s and 1940s, in Chinese academic circles (especially the field of literature and history), there was a dispute between the so-called "native scholars" and "foreign scholars". Old, not enough tools.However, these two types of scholars are almost unanimously admiring Mr. Chen Yinke, because on the one hand, Mr. Chen has a family history of old learning, and has worked hard to understand the traditional spirit of Chinese academics; , Mr. Chen also has a deep knowledge of Western new ideas, scientific methods and tools.Taking language alone as an example, he knows more than 20 or 30 kinds. Needless to say, English, French, German, Russian, Japanese and other languages, Mongolian, Manchu, Arabic, Indian Sanskrit, Pali, He knew Turkic, Persian, Siamese, Greek, Hungarian, Turkish, and many living and extinct scripts of Central Asia.These languages ​​help him solve problems that others cannot solve, and discover historical truths that others cannot discover.In terms of Chinese studies, at that time, it was enough for ordinary scholars to recite the "Four Books" and "Five Classics", but Mr. Chen could recite the "Thirteen Classics", and he must seek the correct answer for each word... "Wizards of the World", "The Best "Professor", "Professor's Professor", "Teacher Tai"... These are the honors given to Chen Yinke by the school and the academic circles at home and abroad.After he came to Tsinghua, he became one of the four mentors of the Academy of Chinese Studies.

Later, he was the only co-professor of Chinese Department and History Department of Tsinghua University.During the period of Southwest Associated University, he was a professor employed by the Ministry.He was also the first Chinese Chair Professor of Sinology specially appointed by the University of Cambridge.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was hired by Oxford University to give lectures on Orientalism and Sinology in the UK. Sinologists from various European countries gathered in Oxford to listen to Chen's lectures in person.However, according to some estimates at the time, among many great sinologists in Europe and the United States, except for a few such as Pelliot, Sven Hedin, and Sha Wan, very few could understand Mr. Chen's speech, because "Chen's speeches are widely cited, Only the ordinary experts in language can’t break through.” ("Shuimu Tsinghua-Tsinghua Campus Culture in the 1920s and 1930s", Huang Yanfu, Guangxi Normal University Press, 2001 edition, pp. 109-110)

Ye Qisun and Chen Yinke got acquainted in the spring of 1919.From Wu Mi's diary, we know that in the spring of this year, Wu Mi delivered a speech on the Chinese Student Association at Harvard, and it was probably at this speech meeting that the three of them met unexpectedly.Chen Yinke admired Wu Mi very much. After listening to Wu Mi's speech, he wrote a poem to Wu Mi: And Wu Mi also wrote in his diary: "Chen Yinke has profound knowledge and insight, which is far beyond the reach of his peers. He has a good temperament, noble aspirations and deeds, and he is deeply fascinated. It is very special to have this new friend. Self-satisfied."

Ye Qisun and Wu Mi were both members of the Mingde Club when they were in Tsinghua University.The relationship between the two is extraordinary.Today, meeting an old friend in a foreign land, what kind of fate is more worthy of cherishing than this? In Wu Mi's diary, Ye Qisun's name appeared frequently: Classes are constant. In the morning, 20 U.S. dollars should be remitted to Yin Renxian, and asked him to hand it over to the North Province Drought Relief Collection Office.It is said that tens of millions of people died in the disaster.How can trickle down help?I'm just asking for some peace of mind.In the evening, Wang Yingtan invited Mi and Chen Yinke to the imperial restaurant for dinner... Fuchu and Qisun also came.

Judging from the diary written that day, at that time, Wu Mi, Ye Qisun and Chen Yinke had a very close relationship. Chen Yinke is serious and deep, Wu Mi is quick-witted and lively, while Ye Qisun is quiet and resolute. There is no information about the circumstances under which they came together, but the most likely reason is Wu Mi.Because Ye Qisun and Ye Qisun have been close friends for a long time, and now they are both at Harvard, Ye often goes to Wu Mi's place, so that he may meet Chen Yinke who is visiting at Wu Mi's place.Although this is only speculation, there are plenty of documents and photos showing the three people's extraordinary friendship.

The friendship between Chen and Wu has become a good story in the literary world.However, the two masters are both friends of Ye Qisun, but few outsiders know about it.Thinking about it, one is that the lines are separated by mountains, and the other is that although Chen and Wu have a lot of fate, at least their literary names still exist, and Ye Qisun was later labeled as a KMT cc spy, a person who was completely abandoned by society, and Ye Qisun's name was completely banned. Who will remember these old things about him?For example, Pu Jiang Qingai, a famous professor at Tsinghua University, kept a diary. According to the morality of Mr. Pu’s articles, the diary should be recorded when there is something to be done, and if there is a feeling, he will post it. Besides, he and Ye Qisun have a lot of contacts and friendship, but they were recorded in Wu Mi’s diary on the same day. It shows that the three of them were together or that Ye Qisun was the person involved, but there is no Ye name in Mr. Pu's diary.With Mr. Pu's style, this is impossible.The author speculates that when later generations sorted out the ancestors' diaries, they deleted their names because they considered Ye Wei's "contradiction between the enemy and ourselves".Therefore, we call Ye Qisun "the last master", in addition to his great personality and outstanding contribution, but also because he is the "last" master known to the world, more precisely, he is the master of masters.

In fact, according to the situation at that time, there were probably multiple reasons for the three of them to come together.According to history, the famous one at that time should be Ye Qisun.Although Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, and Tang Yongtong are called the "Three Masters of Harvard", they are only the evaluations of Harvard students at that time, while Ye Qisun is the person who determined Planck's constant, and his name goes down in the history of natural science, so the weight is naturally different.Ye Qisun and Wu Mi are old acquaintances, but Chen Yinke is new acquaintance.Chen Yinke's personality should be aloof and withdrawn. He himself said that "the whole life has become today, and no one in the world is facing the sunset." Therefore, in his dating record, the closest science friend is only Ye Qisun.

Combining arts and sciences is the highest goal of Tsinghua scholars, and it is also the direction of efforts of domestic students.Of course, Chen Yinke knows what science in the 20th century will bring to literature. He has studied abroad for many years, and he has empathy for Western scientific achievements, which is more profound than others.Einstein's theory of relativity had just been published, and the responses of European and American writers and artists seemed to be more enthusiastic than those of the scientific community.There is a "Literary Society" in Berlin that regularly invites Einstein to participate in their activities, and asks Einstein to explain "potential, constant factor, inverse variable, energy tension" for them, "philosophers also began to understand the theory of relativity. interested in the principles and intends to write a book covering all aspects of the new physics. M. Wasmere, a psychologist, university lecturer and one of the founders of morphological psychology, intends to discover the principles of 'creative thinking' from the famous physicists secret".Einstein's "creative thinking" not only captivated the scientific community, we can also see the shadow of the theory of relativity in the paintings of Picasso and Dali, and in the novels of Kafka and Borges, we can see time and time At the intersection of history and reality, there is an Einstein-like aura flashing between history and reality... The 20th century is also an era in which technology and humanities promote each other and become the driving force for each other.But as far as the big picture is concerned, physical science seems to be the magician who changes the world.

Scientists have brought profound and specific changes to the world, which affect everything in an era, including ideology, religion, literature and art.Even the invention of the telescope and the microscope is enough to cause the extension of our thinking and the development of a certain science.With the birth of every science or invention, new tools and materials will be invented, and with these new tools and materials, our past history and certain research will be closer to reality and progress, such as history and archeology, etc. . Chen Yinke is not a scientist, but he respects science.He knew what was hidden in Ye Qisun's body, and he saw the weight of this man with the eyes of a philosopher.Therefore, he respects him. In Chen Yinke and Wu Mi, Ye Qisun also found what he had been looking forward to for a long time. Chen Yinke and Wu Mi were the spiritual bellwethers of traditional Chinese literati in that era.They are a new type of scholars with "third eyes" who are deeply rooted in Chinese traditional culture and have heterogeneous cultural nutrition. Love has deep insights and is unique.Their world outlook and values, aesthetic judgments and appreciation tastes stand like misty mountains among Chinese overseas students, and ordinary people cannot see the true meaning.Only people like Ye Qisun can hear the golden and stone-like whistling in the normally sheltered valley.Therefore, Ye Qisun introduced them as close friends.A few years later, Ye Qisun was already a leading figure in Tsinghua University. His respectful attitude towards Chen and Wu deeply influenced his students. We can get this from Qian Weichang and others’ articles recalling Mr. specific information on. On the whole, both Chen and Wu are people with classicism and liberal tendencies, although they are so different from Wang Guowei, and it is difficult to match Zhang Taiyan.The 20th century, when science woke up, added new theoretical support for their ideal reconstruction.When Russell talked about the influence of science on culture, he said: "Newton's universe is well-ordered, and the planets revolve around the sun in a regular orbit, which becomes an imaginative symbol of good politics and expresses enthusiasm. Restraint is the main purpose of education, and it is the surest mark of high society." In their ideal political picture, "orderly" and "consistent with the rules", "enthusiasm" and "restraint", "invariably "Revolving around the sun" is definitely a key word that is quite mind-blowing. Therefore, when the current situation in China was in turmoil, Chen and Wu were the ones who rejected and reacted the most. On March 27, 1919, Wu Mi wrote in his diary: I recently heard that 60,000 Chinese workers in Russia have joined the extremist faction.Husband used the poverty and chaos of our country to add fuel to the flames, so it is even more unimaginable for the latecomers... At this time, the great October Revolution led by Lenin had succeeded, and the first socialist country had been proclaimed.This huge spiritual bomb immediately and deeply shocked the Western powers, and of course the United States was also affected.Western regimes and upper-level people regard communism as a scourge and avoid it like a deadly plague. This will certainly have a great impact on Wu Mi, Ye Qisun and Chen Yinke who are studying in the United States.Looking at the fire from the other side, the worries of Chen Wu and his compatriots are more or less concerned about the country and the people. Even if they are groundless worries, they also reveal their love for the motherland and the nation. Chen Yinke's judgment on the current situation coincided with Wu Mi's, which is proved by history.As far as Chen Yinke's humanistic value is concerned, he actually represented the highest academic achievement of Chinese literati in that period, an embodiment of traditional Chinese culture and human culture.In Wu Mi's diary, he often appears as a counselor and a reminder: Chen Junyin said: "In the past, sages were like Zhuge Wuhou, who had the talent to change the economy, but at the beginning they lived in seclusion in Longzhong, singing songs to suit themselves, and never had the ambition to be useful in the world. When I met my predecessor, in order to repay my confidant, I was willing to go out of the mountain and do my best. How can it be that today's labeling sells the first, and the clothes are self-shown, and the 'advertisement' competes for power and position. I have no talent at all, and I just use it to do things, and even more Fake the good name of being patriotic and benefiting the community, eager to publicize and love righteousness, and using the reality of being greedy to overthrow, so as to achieve fame and fortune. It is popular all over the world, and it is indistinguishable. Of course, our country is the same, and European and American countries are the same. And among them, the evil ones are manipulative You Gong. Seventy-eight out of ten of my overseas students have learned here only the ability to deceive the world, steal their reputation, and grab money." ("Wu Mi Diary" 1917-1924 volumes, pages 66-67) Chen Yinke is the oldest among the three, the most knowledgeable, and the most profound thinking.In his "Life Manifesto", "If you are poor, you will be alone, and if you are rich, you will benefit the world" is his motto for survival in troubled times. A scholar who encounters troubled times is called "poor". "Poverty" is a situation, a state, but also a destiny.How should scholars in adversity choose their own life path, the sages have made it very clear: be alone.This means doing your own thing first.For young people who are studying, the first task is to do a good job in their studies and to succeed in their studies.For a country and a nation, only young people who are double-prepared are the wealth of a country.It was under such a mindset that Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, and Ye Qisun all chose to study in their youth and gave up participating in political activities. After the autumn of 1912, Chen Yinke lived in Shanghai for half a year. At this time, Shanghai was full of factions and political banners. In Shanghai alone, there were the "United Party" (formerly the Federation of Chinese Nationalities) and the Citizens' Radical Progressive Party of the Republic of China. , Mingong Party (Chinese Republican Research Association), Constitutional Party (Chinese Republic Constitutional Council), Chinese Socialist Party, Chinese People's Party, Shanghai Civic Association, Minshe, Labor Party of the Republic of China, Chinese Liberal Party, Industrial and Commercial Progressive Party, KMT, United Republican Party Wait, it's really you who sing and I come on stage. Although there are good ideas, there are also people who are mixed up.Based on the situation of many parties, Zhang Shizhao simply advocated "destruction of the party", calling for the dissolution of all existing political parties in China, and then convening the National Political Consultative Conference to recreate two major political parties representing two opposite political views.As soon as Zhang Shizhao's theory of "destroying the party and building the party" came out, the "non-party" theory appeared again in the society, that is, he opposed the establishment of a political party. Based on Confucius's theory of "a gentleman should not fight, a group should not be a party", he believed that the real cause for the people Interested parties do not necessarily have to build a party to make a difference.And Sun Yat-sen's fellow countryman Liu Sifu (Shifu) founded the "Anarchist Comrade Society", advocating the establishment of a society with "no landlords, no capitalists, no leaders, no officials, no representatives, no parents, no army commanders, no prisons, and no police officers." , a society without courts, without laws, without religion, without the institution of marriage".Another anarchist, Zhang Jihuan, went to a place like a paradise in France to experience the life of farming and studying for half a year. After returning to China, he wrote articles in newspapers and periodicals talking about the happy life of anarchy, which attracted the attention of the world for a while. It can be known from various historical materials and materials that Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, and Ye Qisun who lived in this period actually became the people who cared most about politics, but without exception, they withdrew from the noise of politics. I chose a bland reading life.From then on they seemed to have made a lifelong resolution not to take part in any partisan activity. "Concentrate on one's mind and read many good books", and serve the country after completing your studies: "So if you talk about the responsibility of my life, no matter the country's death, I should not give up my ambition and wholeheartedly go to the rescue." We can find a fairly complete clue from Wu Mi's diary, which basically proves that the end of Chen Yinke's thinking of "being alone" or "protecting oneself wisely" is actually to "do big things". My overseas students once again ridiculed those who are selfish and good at themselves with "selfishness"; they don't know that they can't get into the mud without being stained, and they can protect themselves without a big pillar. Especially if the greatest sacrifice cannot be made.Under the broken nest, there are no more eggs; in the dung and soil, is there a long Zhilan?Those who have the ambition of cleansing themselves will be shackled, although their lives cannot be saved (such as Socrates's slaughter), and Hongfei is soaring in the dark, wanton and high, and will not be caught.Ancient and modern things, how many people can get this?Got it, the lucky ones are the lucky ones... ... From now on, the ambition should be to pursue the sages directly, and never pretend to be "enthusiasts" or superficial "patriots" and "social reformers" enthusiasts, patriots, or reformers.Learning the truth is only for your own benefit; and another way to make a living.As for the meritorious side, it should be done at random, with dedication and wisdom, regardless of the results.Birth and death, separation and reunion, ups and downs, gray dogs and white clouds, snails and horns, and thousands of signs in the world should all be regarded as things outside the body and not disturbed by me.I just want to keep myself in a quiet and clear environment, and first seek to be good alone. I would rather follow the example of Guo Linzong and Shen Tupan to protect myself than Li Ying and Fan Pang. Knowing that you can't escape from troubles, you should work hard to seek inner peace, which is called spiritual self-help.Those who want to save others must first save themselves; if they cannot save themselves, how can they save others?If everyone can save himself, everyone will be saved, and there is no need to save others.Therefore, the great religions of ancient and modern times, like Buddha and God, (the teaching of Confucius is also the same), their original purpose is to save oneself rather than to save others.When sorrow comes, it is like a disease attacking the body. If you don't seek medical treatment and take medicine, you will die, so how can you treat others?Therefore, Mi now has no choice but to try her best to save herself... "Nothing attached to beauty" is also the meaning of "a gentleman without a party".It is said that "a gentleman does not stagnate in things".I have set my own purpose, no matter who I am, I can work with Zhou Xuan, but I must not be attached to or entangled by one party or one trend.The gains and losses of the members of the other party are not my gains and losses, and their grievances are not my grievances, so they can swim freely and be free from exhaustion.This is just as good as it is.As far as the spiritual ideal is concerned, I firmly believe in the conclusions of heaven and man, learn the consistent meaning of Taoism, and then learn from it and learn from it. Obsessed and confused by disciplines and eras; common knowledge can obtain its truth, extract its essence, and put it into practice... It may be reasonable for some people to classify Chen Yinke and Wu Mi as "cosmopolitans".But those who know Chen Wu also know their other side, that is, they are pure "nationalists".They analyzed the current situation with extraordinary rational spirit, and stood on the peak of the world looking back at the noisy and restless motherland, and finally understood the responsibility on their shoulders, which is to save themselves first, then save others, and use their spirit to fight Saving China means rebuilding China's native culture as Chen Yinke said. This is such a clear way of thinking for scholars to save the country. At the other end of spiritual salvation is the scientific national salvation recommended by Ye Qisun.I remember that when Ye Qisun founded the scientific society, he wrote "no religion" in the first article of the constitution, and "no politics" in the second article.We tirelessly recall the details of these three philosophers during their studies at Harvard University, and start with the profound friendship between Ye Qisun, Wu Mi, and Chen Yinke, in order to answer readers' questions: What kind of person is our hero?The time when Ye Qisun was studying was nearly a hundred years away from today. With today's situation, to read the minds of the predecessors, it is inevitable to have many sentimental and sad thoughts.These are some pure people who have already made up their minds about their lifelong ambitions in their weak years, and have chosen a different path to follow these ideals and beliefs.Words such as pain, humiliation, contempt, and heaviness are destined to accompany them for life. What is surprising is the consistency of the fate of the three.Since they chose the agreement of "gentlemen do not party", the three of them have been steadfastly "practicing" it, even if they have traveled through the ups and downs of Chinese social life for 50 years, they will die in silence without changing their original intentions.