Chapter 20 Zhou Enlai's Poetry Draft

The "Haichao Bookstore Poems", which Zhou Enlai kept in his collection during his lifetime, is a collection of 134 poems written by his ancestor Zhou Xiaoyan before he was 22 years old.The content of the poems is mostly about chanting things, talking about things, describing scenery, and expressing feelings. They are healthy in thought, quite literary, and have high artistic quality.This collection of poems was rescued by Zhou Enlai's second uncle and grandfather, Zhou Haitong, from the lost and burned during the war, and carefully copied. This is the only volume.Later, it was published by Zhou Enlai's cousin Zhou Henai, Zhou Bingyu and Zhou Songyao.Recently, this precious collection of poems has been sent to Zhou Enlai's former residence by Comrade Zhao Wei, a staff member around Zhou Enlai. The discovery of "Haichao Bookstore Poetry Draft" has a certain cultural value for the study of Zhou Enlai's family background, and it is also of artistic appreciation value for the majority of literature lovers.

"Haichao Shuwu Poetry Draft" contains Zhou Xiaoyan's "Self-Report", "Shu Huai", "Miscellaneous Feelings" and other poems, which reflect the social, economic and political status of the Zhou family at that time from one aspect.Although Zhou Xiaoyan was born in a scholarly family and a family of masters, his relatives have pure integrity.In the feudal society where "human relations are as thin as paper and the state of the world is as light as water", the Zhou family is honest and honest, and they do not associate with corrupt officials.From the "Self-reports", "I know the poor and rely on Uncle Bao, and I am ashamed of Mengchang when raising guests", "The toon tree is sick and thin, and the chrysanthemums are already gray", and the poems in "Shuhuai", "There is so much sorrow that I want to break the soul of poetry", It is enough to see the financial difficulties of Zhou Xiaoyan's family.Although his family is poor, he is upright and upright, "I will not go into evil in my actions, I will be strict in my words, my words will only comfort my heart, and my actions will only comfort my shoes."Zhou Xiaoyan was jealous of the corrupt habits of feudal officialdom. He wrote in the poem "Dusi Bookstore Immediately": The rooster crows at night." The sarcasm stabs at the bad habits of government officials, and its material, conception, and expression techniques are all unique.

Zhou Xiaoyan's poems describing scenery take up more space in the manuscript, and his expressive techniques are also ingenious and unique.Please see: The poet looks back at the lake, facing the lake, the water and the sky are of the same color, blending into one, and people seem to come from outside the world, "emerging into immortals";Where the water chestnut flowers fly, the red falls are colorful, like brocade forging, and people enter the painting.Writing such a scene with just a few numbers can really be said to be "the scene that is difficult to write is as it is now".The artistic conception of the whole poem is far and wide, full of Wang Wei's ingenuity in writing scenes.

It is a common practice of poets to express emotions through scenery.Chrysanthemum is a characteristic scenery in autumn, and it is constantly taken into the pen of poets.Zhou Xiaoyan's eight poems on chrysanthemums are not for the purpose of expressing "sorrowful autumn is Qi", but for the independent character of chrysanthemums in cold autumn, and use it as a portrayal of his own elegance and integrity.He wrote in "Original Rhyme of Chrysanthemum with Zhao Fengjiang": "The lonely mark does not enter the bustling team, and prefers when the flowers are indifferent", "The beauty is still subtle, the pavilion is cool and eye-catching", "The bones of the immortals are so proud , it’s not that tall people are not allowed to climb.”The poem is like the person, the chrysanthemum in the poem is proud of the frost and rushing to the cold, looking down on everything, monopolizing the autumn scenery in the world, and has a magnificent feeling.Another example:

Reading Zhou Xiaoyan's poem, it is natural to think of the famous line of Ye Shaoweng, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, "The garden is full of spring and cannot be closed, and a branch of red apricot comes out of the wall".Comparing the two, there are similarities in the same direction but the same effect.In order to pursue imagery and a sense of flow, poets use anthropomorphic techniques to endow things with life, shapes with movements, and lines with philosophy.It is true that all living and beautiful people, things, and things are like the peaches planted in the courtyard, which are restricted but not restricted, and finally pass through the small wall and reveal their heads. This is what this poem gives readers. Philosophical enlightenment.

Incorporating the hard work of the common people into the poems is a major feature of "Haichao Shuwu Poetry Draft". "Up to the spring mountain and down to the stream, raise the whip to call the calf's bank high and low. Turn over thousands of hectares of wheat long clouds, arouse the peach blossom rain and a plow. , causing the sand birds to just cry." If Zhou Xiaoyan's "Sound of Screaming Calf in Water Field" paints a colorful picture of spring plowing in Jiangnan water town, then his other poem "Sound of Woodcutter Axe in Empty Mountain" is Playing a symphony of lumberjack's tragic labor: "The sound of the woodcutter's path comes from the green trees, and the mountains are full of smoke. Far away, the rhyme of chess is rotten, and the eaves of pines and waves are still empty. , The setting sun is red through the forest. It’s good to continue the crazy song at night, but the song is not over yet.” Zhou Xiaoyan liked to contact the lower class people in his youth and experience their joys and sorrows.Another poem of his, "The Ci of Mowing Rice", vividly depicts the joy of farmers reaping a good harvest: "I remember hearing the cuckoo from Dongbei, and the sound prompted spring calves. Once upon a time, there was autumn, and farmers matured everywhere. Morning dawn, facing the stars, bringing dew to pick up pearls and dendrobium. The elders and sisters-in-law work together, and the surplus food is ready for nine years. The former village cooks a few heavy smokes, tastes new and buys peach blossom porridge. How do you know that the pen has not plowed the inkstone field For ten years, I was still ashamed of my stomach. Mr. Kenru bowed his waist lightly, and one official was only a dou and a salary. Every family and friends celebrated the harvest with wine, and drew a picture of the people." Happy peasants, worried peasants The worries, the emotions can be felt, and they are vivid on the paper.

Zhou Xiaoyan's attitude in writing poetry is very rigorous and diligent.He once said in "Self-inscribed Poems": "Infatuated love only solves the dry chapters and Fu, and why is it deleted five times if the language is sick. Only by throwing away the flowery heart can we avoid the vulgar, and it has been a dream to form a poem." Hang up." His spirit of carving out the liver and spleen and refining sentences with the hammer is precious.However, looking at the entire volume of poems, due to the author's own limitations, he could not closely link poetry creation with reflecting the main contradictions in the society at that time. On the contrary, he used creation more as a tool for self-admiration This affects the ideology of the work to a certain extent.Of course, for these, we cannot and should not demand the ancients.Nevertheless, Zhou Xiaoyan's poems provide a useful reference for the development of national culture.We should give enough value to his achievements in art. As a precious cultural relic and historical material, "Haichao Bookstore Poetry Draft" is of great significance here.