Chapter 2 Former Residence of Zhou Enlai

Premier Zhou Enlai is an outstanding leader of the party and the country and enjoys high prestige both at home and abroad. Zhou Enlai's former residence is located in Gate No. 7, Consort Lane, 300 meters northwest of Zhenhuai Building, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province. Two rooms. This is the birthplace of Premier Zhou Enlai, who is admired all over the world. It is the cradle of the childhood life of this great historical man from one to twelve years old. Now it has become a commemorative place for people at home and abroad to pay tribute to Premier Zhou's glorious life. It is a history classroom for young people to receive revolutionary traditional education. It is one of the "100 national patriotic education bases for primary and secondary schools" determined by the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Culture, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and the General Political Department of the PLA.

Zhou Enlai's former residence is composed of two ordinary old-fashioned houses connected from east to west. The east house is adjacent to Concubine Lane, and the west house is adjacent to Ju Lane. It is a zigzag three-entry courtyard structure.The whole building is simple and elegant with blue bricks and gray tiles, which is a typical architectural style of northern Jiangsu houses.Two feet away from the gate, there is an original screen wall, and behind the screen wall are two tall old elm trees. This old-fashioned house was jointly bought by Zhou Enlai's grandfather Zhou Panlong and his second brother Zhou Junang when he came to Huai'an from Zhejiang to be a teacher.Zhou Panlong's ancestral home is Shaoxing. He first became a teacher in Shanyang County, Huai'an Prefecture, northern Jiangsu Province, and worked as an assistant in the county government.

Zhou Enlai's biological father, Zhou Shaogang, had received a degree from a foreign student in the Qing Dynasty, but he was a loyal man. He worked as a clerk in Hubei, Tianjin, and Northeast China for a long time, and his salary was meager. He lived with Zhou Enlai in his later years. Revolutionary work, died in Hongyan Village in 1942 at the age of 68. Zhou Enlai's biological mother, the Twelfth Aunt of the Wan family, was the beloved daughter of Wan Qingxuan, the governor of Qinghe County.She has a dignified appearance, is smart and capable, has a bright personality, and is good at resolving disputes.She married Zhou Yineng in Huai'an at the age of twenty, and took charge of the housekeeping affairs of this dilapidated feudal family.After marriage, she had three sons: Enlai, Enpu, and Enshou.At about 6:00 am on March 5, 1898, the twelfth aunt of Wan's family gave birth to their first child boy in the three principal landlord's rooms south of the east courtyard.Zhou Yineng chose the baby name "Da Luan" for the newborn baby, entrusting his good wish of "the spirit of the gods, seeing the world will be peaceful".

This big luan was Zhou Enlai, the founding prime minister who later became a "model for the whole party" and admired by the whole world. Now above the east gate of Zhou Enlai's former residence hangs a plaque with red background and gold characters inscribed by Deng Xiaoping himself, "Former Residence of Comrade Zhou Enlai", shining brightly in the sunlight.As soon as you enter the gate, turn north, and the second you enter the two north rooms and the three connected east rooms are the places where Zhou Enlai studied when he was young.Daluan entered a family school when he was just five years old. He took the scientific name Enlai and his style name Xiangyu.The siblings who studied with him include Enpu, Enshuo, Encan, Gong Zhiru, Gong Zhihui and so on.Zhou Enlai is sensitive and eager to learn, with extensive knowledge and strong memorization. Every time he recites, recognizes characters and writes silently, he is the best.

Crossing a waist door from the "study room" to the west, there are three houses of Zhou Enlai's parents. The east room is the room where Zhou Enlai was born, and the west room is the study and resting place of his father Zhou Shaogang.From the "birthplace" to the west through a long and narrow corridor running north-south, two "pavilions" appear in front of you.This is the residence of Zhou Enlai's stepmother Chen Sangu and wet nurse Jiang Jiangshi.When Zhou Enlai was less than one year old, his younger uncle Zhou Yigan died of tuberculosis.Zhou Yigan had no offspring, so Zhou Shaogang and his wife adopted their young Enlai to their little aunt as a son.Enlai has been living with his stepmother Chen.Chen was born in a scholarly family, and she is a woman with outstanding talents who likes poetry, opera, novels and paintings.After Chen became a widow, he regarded his young Enlai as his only hope and reliance in life. He taught him to recognize characters, practice calligraphy, tell him stories, and recite Tang poetry and Song Ci, which laid a good foundation for him in knowledge.The wet nurse, Jiang Jiangshi, was born in poverty and was upright. She taught Zhou Enlai a lot of social knowledge and labor skills in his childhood.Enlai unfortunately lost two mothers at the age of nine and ten. The Jiang Jiang family gave him loving care, so Enlai had a deep affection for this hardworking and simple wet nurse, and always affectionately called her Mother Jiang.In the north of the "Tingzijian", there are three main halls, which are the houses where Zhou Enlai's grandfather Zhou Panlong and grandmother Lu lived.To the northwest of the main hall is the backyard of the Zhou family. There is a large garden where there used to be a thatched hut where melons and vegetables were planted.There is a well under the back eaves of the stepmother Chen's house, the well water is crystal clear, and the stone well fence has been worn with deep marks by ropes.Zhou Enlai used to fetch water and water melons and grow vegetables from this well with his wet nurse Mama Jiang when he was a child, and he was deeply impressed by this well.In 1958, when he met with the comrades in charge of the Huaian County Party Committee, he said: "Is the well in my house still there? The underground water level in Huai'an is very high. You only need to tie a long rope to the bucket to bring the water up." After Zhou Enlai's biological mother and stepmother died of illness one after another, his family also began to decline rapidly, and the burden of life fell prematurely on Zhou Enlai's childhood. From then on, the seeds of destroying the old world were planted in my heart.In 1910, twelve-year-old Zhou Enlai was taken by his fourth uncle Zhou Yigeng to study in the Northeast.The big luan took off from here and soared into the wider universe.After he left his former residence, he never came back. He devoted his whole life to the most magnificent cause of mankind - communism!

The former residence of Xi Zhaiyuan was originally the residence of Zhou Enlai's second uncle grandfather. The gate faces south and faces Ju Lane. , "Celebrity Calligraphy and Painting" (Zhou Enlai Calligraphy and Painting Garden), "Zhou Enlai's Large-scale Photo Exhibition of Diplomatic Style", "Zhou Enlai's Grandfather Wanjia Calligraphy and Painting Exhibition" and other seven exhibition halls.In order to promote Zhou Enlai's calligraphy art, a new Zhou Enlai Ink Monument Gallery was built in the back garden of Zhou Enlai's former residence, which combines the styles of northern and southern gardens and covers an area of ​​nearly 1,000 square meters.The stele gallery collects Zhou Enlai's calligraphic inscriptions in various periods, covering words, encouragement, advocacy, etc. Among them, the stele of "Wishing to meet China when it takes off" is nearly 15 square meters, filling the gap in the promotion of Zhou Enlai's calligraphy and calligraphy at home and abroad.Although Zhou Enlai never came back after leaving Huai'an, he has deep feelings for his hometown and the people of Huai'an, and he has always been very concerned about the construction of his hometown.Among the cultural relics on display are his inscription to the Huai'an County Party Committee, his personal letter to the comrades in charge of the County Party Committee, and the masthead he wrote for the "Huai'an Daily".Seeing these precious cultural relics aroused the deep memory of the people in their hometown for the beloved Premier Zhou Enlai.

As early as the early days of liberation, the Huai'an County Party Committee carried out preliminary repairs on the houses that were about to collapse in Zhou Enlai's former residence to express the wishes of the people in his hometown.However, when Premier Zhou learned of this incident, he immediately wrote to the Huai'an County Party Committee to stop future repairs, and asked about the amount of repair funds, and quickly paid for the repairs with his own salary.He also repeatedly warned his relatives in Huaihe not to reveal the house he lived in, and not to hang his photo in his former residence.When he heard that people kept looking up at the old residence, he said to his relatives: "Tear down the house, and no one will go." In 1958 and 1960, Premier Zhou met twice with the Huai'an County Party Committee who went to Beijing. The comrades in charge repeatedly urged: "The house must be demolished." The county party committee took into account the general public's love for Premier Zhou, and has not moved.On November 17, 1973, the Office of the State Council called the Huai'an County Party Committee and officially conveyed Premier Zhou's three instructions on dealing with the old residence: 1. Don't allow people to visit; 2. Don't mobilize the residents living inside Moving; 3. Repairs are not allowed if the house is broken.Premier Zhou Enlai's lofty integrity in handling the matter of his former residence is an immortal monument in itself.

After Zhou Enlai's death, at the end of 1976, according to the wishes of the broad masses of the people, the Huai'an County Party Committee carried out a preliminary renovation of Zhou Enlai's former residence with the approval of the relevant departments of the provincial and prefectural committees.At the end of 1978, the former residence was restored to the old appearance when Zhou Enlai left Huai'an in 1910, and it was officially opened on March 5, 1979.So far, it has received more than 10 million domestic and foreign audiences, including party and state leaders Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Hu Yaobang, Wei Jianxing, Li Lanqing, etc., as well as more than 18,000 foreign visitors from 37 countries and regions. friend.

In order to give full play to the educational function of Zhou Enlai's former residence and maximize the social benefits, the Party branch of Zhou Enlai's former residence management office insists on carrying forward the main theme of patriotic education, increases investment, and strives to build this youth moral education base and patriotic education base.Established the first Zhou Enlai research association in the country, organized members to write papers, participated in Zhou Enlai academic seminars and Zhou Enlai research review seminars; edited and published "Zhou Enlai Research Newsletter" and "Journal of Nanjing University Revolutionary Memorial Hall Construction Research Album"; launched a museum International horizontal friendship activities, established exchanges and cooperation with more than 30 Zhou Enlai memorial sites and more than 120 New Fourth Army memorial sites across the country; carried out party building activities such as "Learning from the Prime Minister, Building an Image, and Prospering Huai'an", and held many times " Learn from Premier Zhou’s deeds report meeting”; some schools inside and outside the province also organized the oath ceremony for joining the party and joining the League at the former residence of Zhou Enlai, or held activities such as group days, team days, and summer camps; The former residence of Zhou Enlai came to receive education in the communist outlook on life and values.Xin'an Primary School in Huai'an City carried out the "Grandpa Zhou Twelve, I'm Twelve" activity for the graduating class; Shaohu Primary School held a speech on "Tong Huai Panasonic's Thoughts" every Premier Zhou's memorial day on January 8 and his birthday on March 5 Activity.The Primary School Attached to Huai Teachers College carried out the "Four Learnings" (learning to be a man, learning to seek knowledge, learning to do things, learning to keep fit), striving to be the "Four New Talents" activities.Huai'an Middle School has persisted in carrying out the activity of "learning from the Prime Minister and creating three good things" for 20 years. The achievements of this activity were exhibited and praised by the Provincial Education Commission.The Youth League Committee of Huai'an Normal University and Huaiyin Agricultural School often organize students to go to the former residence to perform duties and participate in voluntary labor.

In order to give full play to its own characteristics and expand the effect of publicity, the leaders of the former residence management office also led researchers and explainers to go out of the museum to promote educational activities to the society. , Nanhua Company and other units took party classes, held special lectures and held report meetings, and hundreds of thousands of people were educated, and they received good social publicity effects.