Chapter 34 33 my country's cutting-edge science and technology enterprise embodies the painstaking efforts of Premier Zhou

my country's cutting-edge scientific and technological undertakings were established and developed under the personal leadership of Premier Zhou Enlai. From the establishment of the special committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1962 to the hospitalization of Premier Zhou in 1974, in more than ten years, he presided over more than 40 special committee meetings and several special committee meetings. His leadership of cutting-edge science and technology businesses is in-depth and specific.From the proposal of guidelines, policies, and basic principles to the establishment of specialized agencies at all levels, the training of professional talents, the gathering of professional teams, and the ideological construction; A lot of hard work and wisdom have been devoted to the overall deployment and specific organization of the experiment.His outstanding contribution to the development of my country's cutting-edge science and technology is manifold.

At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, the international struggle became increasingly fierce, and the hegemonists resorted to the policy of nuclear blackmail. The peace of the East and the entire world was threatened by nuclear war.Comrade Mao Zedong looked at the situation in the world, looked forward to the future of mankind, and saw that in order to stabilize the world situation and maintain world peace, it is necessary to eliminate nuclear terror, break nuclear monopoly, and crush nuclear blackmail.Therefore, he said to a foreign guest who exaggerated the power of the atomic bomb: "No matter how powerful the atomic bomb is, it is nothing more than blown in from China and blown out from the United States. There is nothing terrible." Hydrogen bombs, intercontinental missiles, I think it is completely possible within ten years."

At that time, the domestic and international situation we faced was severe. The mistakes of the "Great Leap Forward" and the successive natural disasters caused my country's national economy to fall into a three-year difficult period, with huge losses in industrial and agricultural production, serious difficulties in people's lives, and foreign armed harassment on the border.At this time, the Soviet Union unilaterally tore up all Sino-Soviet economic and technological contracts, which made our country's economy worse and suffered serious losses.The atomic energy industry is the first to bear the brunt. Since June 1959, the Soviet side has stopped operating various equipment and refused to deliver technical materials, trying to kill China's nascent atomic energy industry in its infancy; blockade.

However, the Chinese people have never been overwhelmed by any difficulties, and have never yielded to any pressure.Facing the difficulties of internal and external troubles, the clarion call to climb to the peak of cutting-edge technology was sounded. On October 30, 1962, Comrade Luo Ruiqing, Chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, submitted to the Party Central Committee a report on developing my country's cutting-edge undertakings.The report quoted the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry's idea of ​​preparing for the explosion of the atomic bomb in 1964, and suggested the establishment of a special committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to strengthen the leadership of cutting-edge undertakings.

On November 2, Deng Xiaoping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, issued an order: "I plan to agree and send it to the Chairman, Liu, Zhou, Zhu, and Peng for review." On November 3, Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, instructed: "Very well, do it accordingly. We must work together to do this job well." Subsequently, Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of the People's Republic of China, proposed at a meeting of the Politburo: "This matter requires the Premier (referring to Comrade Zhou Enlai) to come forward." Several leading comrades in the Politburo agreed.

Since then, our beloved Premier Zhou has shouldered a new burden in the midst of all kinds of opportunities - leading us to create cutting-edge technology, and soon overcome all difficulties with the momentum of building a high house and embarking on the track of rapid development. Just a few days after the Central Committee approved the establishment of the special committee, on November 17, 1962, Premier Zhou Enlai presided over the first meeting of the Central Special Committee. The central 15-member special committee headed by comrades.The first special committee also decided to transfer cadres from the industrial sector to establish a central 15-member special committee office.Soon, I was designated as the full-time deputy secretary general.

Premier Zhou presided over the first and second special committee meetings, and listened to Minister Liu Jie's report in detail.At the meeting, Premier Zhou immediately decided to strengthen the scientific and technological strength of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry and the leadership of the party and the administration in view of the weak link of the nuclear industry.All relevant departments, military units, colleges and universities, and scientific research units are ordered to select and deploy 500 outstanding personnel in all aspects for the Second Ministry of Machinery and deploy more than 1,100 instruments and equipment before the end of December. At the same time, it is decided that some technical equipment should be imported from capitalist countries. .Among them, many leading cadres and scientific and technical experts were personally approved or nominated by Premier Zhou.Soon, this group of forces, together with the original team of the Second Ministry of Machinery, invested in the new battle of developing the first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and building the nuclear industry.Later, Premier Zhou decided to transfer mine cadres and a 100-member experienced team from the Mining Bureau from the Ministry of Coal, and allocated several important factories and some research forces from other industrial departments.All these measures reflect the thoughts of Zhou Enlai, He Long, Nie Rongzhen and other comrades about concentrating a generation of elites determined to form a cutting-edge scientific and technological team in our country.Premier Zhou attached great importance to the ideological construction of this team.At the third meeting of the special committee, he pointed out that the "two-year plan" of the Second Ministry of Machinery was arranged in a row and reversed, and pointed out: "The work of the Second Ministry of Machinery must be highly political and ideological, and highly scientific. Planning and a high degree of organizational discipline."——that is, the requirements of the "three highs" that people said later.Premier Zhou's instruction spread quickly among the Second Ministry of Machinery and other cutting-edge defense departments, and was quickly implemented, becoming an important guiding ideology for the construction of my country's cutting-edge business teams.About half a year after the establishment of the special committee, teams capable of fighting tough battles were formed on all fronts in the nuclear industry.This not only guarantees the successful development and production of the atomic bomb, but also has far-reaching significance for the development of my country's nuclear industry.

Less than half a month after the establishment of the special committee, three special committee meetings were held in a row.At the second meeting, Premier Zhou clearly put forward the strategic focus of "catching the atomic bomb first".At that time, Lin Biao once put forward an unpredictable slogan called "Two bombs are the main thing, and the missile is the first."Premier Zhou made it clear that the atomic bomb should be seized first, which suddenly brightened everyone's mood and immediately focused their thoughts on the key point of the atomic bomb. Other leading comrades in the central government also agreed.

At the third meeting, Premier Zhou agreed in principle to the "1963 and 1964 Atomic Weapon Industry Construction and Production Plan Outline" (referred to as the "Two-Year Plan") proposed by Comrade Liu Jie, the main content of which was to explode the first atomic bomb Preparation.In order to further understand the situation and make a final decision, Premier Zhou appointed the staff of the special committee office to form an inspection team under the leadership of Comrade Liu Xiyao, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, and immediately dispatched to the first institutes, institutes, factories, and mines affiliated to the Second Ministry of Machinery. line for a full inspection.By March 1963, the "Two-Year Plan" was officially approved, and the work in the previous period was strictly checked according to the plan and arrangement proposed by Comrade Liu Jie.While affirming the achievements, Premier Zhou put forward the "three high" requirements as mentioned above.

On October 16, 1964, after the first atomic bomb was successfully detonated, Premier Zhou proposed in time to immediately focus on enhanced atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and missiles, and specifically proposed "combined testing of the two bombs" as the focus of the next step.The central government approved the long-term plan of the Second Ministry of Machinery for the development of atomic energy and some scientific research topics, such as: heavy water, molecular sieves, reactors for scientific research and teaching, and key equipment research; Premier Zhou also instructed to strengthen the political and ideological work of the Second Ministry of Machinery and Support the Second Ministry of Machinery to make comprehensive arrangements, further clarified a series of important policies for the rear construction of the Second Ministry of Machinery, and required to learn from the experience of "Shaertu" (that is, Daqing).After making the above-mentioned comprehensive arrangements, Premier Zhou Enlai decided to delegate the authority of approval to the Second Ministry of Machinery, and pointed out that it is not necessary to refer all issues to the special committee. In the future, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission and the National Defense Industry Office will be responsible separately.The reason why Premier Zhou decided to do this was to drive the all-round development of cutting-edge industries through the success of the first atomic bomb, and at the same time give full play to the role of government agencies, enterprises and institutions, so as to ensure the smooth transfer of the work focus of the special committee to Strategic missiles and satellites come up.He asked Yang Chengwu, acting chief of the general staff, to arrange for Comrade Wu Kehua to set up the Second Artillery Force as soon as possible. At the same time, he pointed out that in the second half of the year, the focus will be on strategic missiles. For the "combination of two bombs" test, we must start with Dongfeng No.On his way back to Beijing from a visit abroad, Premier Zhou also personally watched our missile test at the base.After returning to Beijing, he inspected the preparations for the nuclear warheads, and then pointed out: "The combination of the two bombs is progressing smoothly, and then we must grasp the tactical missiles (ground-air, coastal defense)."This reflects Premier Zhou's strategic thinking of promoting the development of tactical weapons by continuously making breakthroughs in strategic weapons.

There are more than a dozen models of strategic and tactical missiles determined at the 13th meeting of the special committee.Premier Zhou further clarified the new key points of work, pointing out that the development of tactical weapons "must make way for surface-to-air missiles", and explained that "no gain without giving up", demonstrating the relationship between focus and comprehensiveness.Subsequently, the 14th special committee meeting was held for 3 consecutive days to discuss the short-term plan.Premier Zhou proposed system tasks at the meeting. He said that next year is the year of missiles, and there must be harvest.He called for military-civilian integration, professional cooperation, and various departments not to do it alone.He said: "After the Seventh Ministry of Machinery took over the Second Bureau of Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the factory, it is necessary to integrate the military and the civilians. We are a family. The original cooperative relationship must be maintained and we must serve the local area." The formulation is very good. "Shanghai's collaboration is worth learning from." Due to the clear requirements, the work in all aspects is very tight, and the work in North China, East China, and Northeast China is progressing rapidly.By September 1967, our air defense force finally broke the silence of nearly two years of no military achievements, and shot down the improved American high-altitude reconnaissance plane with a new type of domestic surface-to-air missile. In September 1966, Premier Zhou said to me confidently: "We will use this (special committee) method to catch the plane next year."If it weren't for the ten-year catastrophe, my country's aviation industry would have made new developments long ago.Premier Zhou has a consistent idea, which is to focus on the key points to drive the general, and focus on the cutting-edge to drive the routine.At the 14th special committee, while approving the attack nuclear submarine in principle, it discussed the requirement of the entire defense industry to "complete the three-year mission in two years", and approved the "two-year plan for 1966 and 1967" , the main projects are various tactical missiles and nuclear submarines, artificial satellites and other major subjects. After the establishment of the Special Committee of the Central Committee, Premier Zhou made it clear that scientific research and industrial trial production should be carried out on the one hand, and scientific research and industrial production should be closely integrated.Under the guidance of Premier Zhou's thoughts, cutting-edge industries soon took a new leap forward.In the face of facts, the vast majority of comrades have a deep understanding. Premier Zhou pointed out repeatedly that we should use the principles and principles of Marxism-Leninism and dialectical materialism to guide the research work of natural science.Our Ninth Academy has two signs, which are both "research institute" and "manufacturing factory".He also repeatedly emphasized that theoretical research should be closely integrated with industrial production, that intellectuals should be integrated with workers, so that the whole process of atomic bomb development, from theoretical design, manufacturing, to assembly and testing, could be "one-of-a-kind" by scientific and technical personnel. Stick the pole all the way in," knowing all the situations like the back of his hand.Doing so has far-reaching guiding significance for the special committee office and even the vast number of scientific and technological workers. Once, when I was reporting on the development of missile ground equipment, I mentioned the need to organize a combination of scientific research, production, and use units.Premier Zhou instructed: "Your formulation of the three combinations is in line with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought." He said that in fact there are two three combinations, that is, the three combinations of scientific research, production, and use, and the three combinations of scientific and technological personnel, workers, and leading cadres.He said that we must adhere to the two-three combination and the mass line, adopt a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and step by step, establish a conscientious, thoughtful and meticulous work style, and implement the spirit of vigorous collaboration.As for the missile ground equipment, he said: "The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth machine departments should organize joint designs separately, widely absorb the opinions of the use of troops, and the seventh machine department should put forward design requirements, otherwise each department will do it by itself, and nothing will happen. You can’t do anything by asking for help.” Premier Zhou often used these wise words and specific requirements to educate comrades.Every word of his is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has become the ideological motivation to guide the rapid development of cutting-edge careers. When discussing the missile issue, Premier Zhou proposed to set up a ministry on the basis of the five courts.Later, the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry was developed from a research institute and some factories.This is another embryonic form of what we often call the "merger of ministries and colleges". During the "Cultural Revolution", some people opposed this approach. At a small special committee meeting in June 1966, a rebel organization demanded to criticize Comrade Luo Ruiqing in response to the merger of the two factions. Premier Zhou said: "I first proposed this idea." "This issue was held in Huairen Hall for a few days. Chairman Liu Shaoqi presided over it. He, Nie, Liu Yalou, Luo Ruiqing, and Wang Bingzhang also participated. This process began in 1961. I raised this issue first, in 1962. In 2011, I said that together, the purpose of the merger of ministries and institutes is to solve the three-in-one combination, linking theory with practice.” Premier Zhou refuted the rebels simply and clearly, insisted on correct opinions, and protected the cadres. At the special committee, Premier Zhou emphasized the spirit of "vigorous coordination" instructed by Chairman Mao Zedong, and made a request to all departments: it is necessary to make contributions from others and to contribute effectively.But for cutting-edge departments, it is opposed to taking the opportunity to ask for more.Premier Zhou strictly canceled some unreasonable demands.Everyone was convinced by this approach, so naturally they had no second thoughts about the tasks set by the special committee.At that time, the boundaries of departments and regions were broken, and there was a good atmosphere where no one bargained for the price. Everyone went all out, "vigorously coordinated", and the efficiency was very high.At that time, hundreds of ministries, commissions, and bureau-level units, 26 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, and thousands of factories, mines, colleges, schools, and institutes, as well as relevant units of various services and arms were organized to work together and jointly tackle key problems. A large number of scientific research topics and complete sets of research and development tasks for new materials and new equipment have been fully implemented.There are many examples of this.Premier Zhou also appointed: Comrade Zhang Jinfu arranges the Academy of Sciences to establish a satellite research institute; Minister Lai Jifa arranges the Ministry of Building Materials to assist the Seventh Ministry of Machinery in building a solid missile research institute. Under the guidance of Premier Zhou's idea of ​​"vigorous coordination" and joint research, we also organized the joint design teams of the first, third, fourth, seventh Ministry of Machinery and the Ministry of Chemical Industry to design and develop advanced complete sets of equipment for the solid motor charging production line.Premier Zhou fully affirmed this.Practice has proved that the spirit of "vigorous coordination" commanded by Chairman Mao and the principle of "vigorous coordination and joint research" advocated by Premier Zhou are indeed correct. In actual work, we have fully felt that Premier Zhou Enlai knows people well and knows every detail. He has amazing understanding, memory and analysis and judgment on cutting-edge careers and scientific and technological issues. He put forward many different opinions from others at the special committee meetings. , after long-term practice later, it has been proved to be correct. Premier Zhou's democratic style can be regarded as a model in our party. He is good at listening to opinions from all sides patiently.At the special committee meeting, as long as one person raised a reasonable objection, Premier Zhou would not make a decision immediately, and asked everyone to "go down and find out, and discuss it at the next meeting."He is also good at synthesizing everyone's good opinions and putting forward his own unique opinions on the basis of discussions.Therefore, we are all willing to accept and dare to express our views freely in front of Premier Zhou.Sometimes when things have already been decided and problems are encountered in practice, Premier Zhou always said that we must seek truth from facts, and promptly revise and supplement the original decision. At one special committee meeting, Premier Zhou listened to a leader of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery report on the plan, which estimated too many failures and repeated factors, which delayed the time of the missile test flight very late.When Premier Zhou heard this, he immediately pointed out, why is it so slow?When you go back and mobilize the masses to discuss, you should guarantee what you need, and don't ask for it randomly. I think the masses will be more accurate than you.Premier Zhou also appointed Comrade Zhao Erlu, the executive deputy director of the special office, to take several people down. Extensive discussion meetings, first in a hospital to find out the bottom line for a month, revised the test plan, and proposed a comprehensive plan for the medium and long-range.When I came back, the Seventh Machinery Department re-reported to the special committee meeting, and it was settled immediately.As a result, the time for the test flight of the new missile was advanced from 1968 to 1966, and the investment was also greatly reduced.Then, Premier Zhou and Comrade Zhao Erlu appointed us to work in other institutes, and both achieved satisfactory results.At that time, Marshal Nie Rongzhen said earnestly to the comrades of the special committee: "The issue of technological democracy should be concentrated on the basis of democracy. Now everyone has tasted it." Premier Zhou respected scientific and technological talents very much. Comrade Qian Xuesen wanted to come back from the United States. It was Premier Zhou who made great efforts to achieve it.In actual work, Premier Zhou paid more attention to the role of scientific and technological personnel.When discussing a certain topic at the special committee, Premier Zhou always carefully asked and listened to the opinions of experts in which field experts would like to participate.Three days before the first nuclear explosion test, Premier Zhou asked me to invite several nuclear physicists in Beijing, including Peng Huanwu, Wang Ganchang, Deng Jiaxian, and Guo Yonghuai, to fly to the scene together on a special plane sent by Commander Zhang Aiping to watch the Atomic bomb explosion.Premier Zhou and Vice President Zhang cared about and respected scientific and technical personnel so thoughtfully, which left a deep impression on everyone. In dealing with scientific and technological personnel, Premier Zhou firmly opposed the "Left" approach. He advocated that for senior intellectuals, as long as they accept the leadership of the Communist Party and are willing to serve the motherland, he instructed that they should be given special treatment. Get close to them and care about them.He also pointed out that some units emphasized the issue of overseas relations: "If you talk about overseas relations, I have the most, even Marshall, what should I do?" He believes that having overseas relations should not be a condition for refusing to employ people.He also said that as long as they are patriotic.These ideas not only resisted the "Left" tendency at that time and boosted the morale of intellectuals, but also have guiding significance for the intellectual work in the new era. Premier Zhou always emphasized that we must proceed from the reality of our country, and that cutting-edge undertakings must be self-reliant, hard work, thrifty, and simple.Practice has proved that doing so makes our cutting-edge technology develop faster and better. On October 27, 1966, Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally went to the scene to command and successfully tested the whole system of missile nuclear weapons on the mainland of my country.Soon, my country's first hydrogen bomb was tested, which was also a complete success.In the past, the missile nuclear weapons of the United States were tested to islands in the ocean, while the Soviet Union tested them to the North Pole. The ocean below the ballistic trajectory is mainly the ocean, and the risk is small.We do not have such conditions, so we have to test on our own land. After taking a series of special measures, the two tests of combining the two bombs and developing the hydrogen bomb have achieved breakthrough results.After these several major experiments, we have embarked on a new path of developing our country's cutting-edge science and technology, which is different from that of the United States and the Soviet Union. We have successfully researched atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and corresponding missiles, using much less investment than the United States, some of which are less than one-thousandth of theirs.Our nuclear industry, from mining, mining, processing, to the most complicated scientific research work, has adopted various crude and simple methods.The research institutes at that time were also very simple. Scientists had to convert the space under the stairs, the corridors and toilets on each floor into research rooms and waste storage, and some set up many work sheds in the courtyard to carry out research on key problems.For large-scale factory construction, we try our best to adopt new technologies and new processes, and find shortcuts for technological innovation, thereby saving money and improving production efficiency.Due to our adoption of advanced science and technology, our cutting-edge business has stepped up to the stage of progress in a relatively short period of time under simple conditions and caught up with the forefront of the world.Therefore, Premier Zhou said that we are "coming from behind". Regarding the construction of the third front, Lin Biao's idea of ​​"mountains, scattered, and caves" was once popular.When discussing the construction plan of the rear, Premier Zhou adopted a pragmatic attitude towards the hole entry of several major projects, and pointed out tit for tat why the backer still needs to drill holes!Drill if you can, don't force yourself if you can't! Premier Zhou's request of "one experiment, many benefits" is also based on the actual situation of our country.He said that we should carry out limited nuclear tests, not one or two hundred tests like the United States and the Soviet Union, and we don't want to scare people.He also said that our first atomic bomb was successfully detonated and only cost a few billions (RMB), while the United States spent tens of billions of dollars. We are coming from behind, and we should come from behind, because they have already made the way for us. When the special committee office was established, in order to develop a "serious, thoughtful and meticulous" work style, Premier Zhou earnestly warned the comrades in the office that you were transferred from positions with great power. "You have no power when working in the special committee's office, and you have the least personal power, but you must strictly inspect and implement the issues that have been decided by the special committee, and you have the greatest power.He also asked us to be good at negotiating with all parties, fully solicit opinions, and be diligent in oral (phone calls, conversations, reports), manual (brain, handwriting), and leg (in-depth, investigation, visit).We have always followed the "three diligence" principle pointed out by Premier Zhou, timely and thoughtfully consulted with relevant parties on the resolutions of the previous meetings of the special committee, and seriously supervised and inspected the work, so that all tasks can be carried out smoothly.Soon, Premier Zhou put forward the sixteen-character policy of "serious, thoughtful, meticulous, safe and reliable, and foolproof" to the workers of the first nuclear test. Everyone assembled these sixteen characters with carefully selected colored stones at the test base. The big characters, inlaid on the Gobi Desert of each job number, serve as the guiding ideology of the nuclear test.Since then, these sixteen characters have become the long-term motto of cutting-edge experiments in various bases. When discussing the first nuclear test, another issue that Premier Zhou was very concerned about was the hazards of the smoke cloud and atomic dust after the nuclear explosion. He appointed me to invite relevant experts to conduct research, and personally sent Minister of Health Qian Xinzhong to form a The health protection team was assigned to the manned area 400 kilometers downwind of the nuclear test site to carry out protection work to ensure the safety of personnel.Another problem is that the international atmosphere at that time was still very tense.Premier Zhou asked He Long and Nie Rongzhen to tell Yang Chengwu, the acting chief of staff, to issue a defense mission and request the deployment of comprehensive alert.Strictly prevent the air strikes and dispatch of secret agents by the United States, the Soviet Union and Chiang Kai-shek to sabotage.After all deployments were in place, the Party Central Committee finally decided to make all preparations before October 1, and to explode within the year.Premier Zhou immediately asked for absolute secrecy.He told several veterans that after today's meeting, you can't tell anyone except those who attended the meeting. My wife is an old party member and a member of the Central Committee, so I promise not to tell her.He also said to Comrade Chen Yi: "You can't talk about it (referring not to disclose anything to foreign guests)!" Comrade Chen Yi immediately said in a Sichuan accent, "I won't talk about it." After the first nuclear test was completely successful, Premier Zhou visited the "August 1st" studio to review the films, and asked us to report the nuclear explosion films to the leading comrades of the Central Committee one by one.These all reflect Premier Zhou's excellent quality and serious style of respecting Chairman Mao, respecting the organization, discussing with everyone in case of problems, being strict with himself, adhering to the party's discipline, and taking the lead in implementing the party's resolutions. In order to ensure "safety", the first nuclear test was carried out after thousands of research tests with the close cooperation of scientific and technological workers.Premier Zhou entrusted Comrades Zhao Erlu and Zhang Aiping to lead relevant personnel successively to the research, processing, assembly and test sites in various places to conduct two comprehensive and detailed inspections, listened to the opinions of experts from various fields, and then made a comprehensive report to Premier Zhou. Factors that could lead to failure are taken precautions.Finally, Premier Zhou appointed Vice President Zhang Aiping as the commander-in-chief of my country's first nuclear test, who is fully responsible for dealing with possible problems in the nuclear test.The entire test site is under the leadership of the commander-in-chief. All test personnel and officers and soldiers seriously listened to the guidance of the experts. All work progressed very thoughtfully, meticulously, and in an orderly manner, meeting strict requirements and high standards.During the official test, Premier Zhou, He Long and Nie Rongzhen were in Beijing, listening to the on-site command commands and the sound of the countdown on the telephone.Vice President Zhang Aiping held a microphone in the position of the nuclear test site, and answered questions and reported the situation to Premier Zhou in a timely and accurate manner.According to Premier Zhou Enlai's request, my country's first nuclear test achieved "one success" and achieved "multiple effects" for military and civilian use in terms of testing and "effects".This experiment made a good start for our country's future cutting-edge scientific experiments.Premier Zhou's sixteen words of "serious, thoughtful, meticulous, safe and reliable, and foolproof" have become the guidelines for the success of each experiment.However, unexpected situations are inevitable. During the "Cultural Revolution", a hydrogen bomb test failed. Premier Zhou insisted on seeking truth from facts, and earnestly encouraged everyone to say, "Failure is inevitable, and we must seriously sum up experience." A few hours before a nuclear explosion, I received a call from the commander-in-chief from the nuclear test site saying that the weather had suddenly changed, and a strong westward airflow appeared.I immediately reported it to Premier Zhou, and he immediately asked: "Will the smoke cloud be blown to neighboring countries?" The meteorological experts could not answer immediately, and Premier Zhou immediately decided to suspend the test.The test was carried out the next day when it was found that it was impossible to blow to neighboring countries and the weather was normal. Another time, after the "January Storm" in 1967, many comrades were overthrown by the rebels and stepped aside.Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen convened the 18th special committee meeting and found that there was a serious problem with the parachute. The two of them attached great importance to it and asked to send special personnel to find out the cause and solve it thoroughly.Several years after the "Gang of Four" was overthrown, this parachute risk finally led to the failure of a nuclear test.Afterwards, we checked the historical records and found that Premier Zhou had repeatedly emphasized that parachutes were a serious problem at several special committee meetings from 1967 to 1969 and must be resolved seriously.It is a pity that the interference of ten years of turmoil has seriously interfered with the implementation of the sixteen-character policy advocated by Premier Zhou, which is "serious, thoughtful, reliable, and foolproof."It was not until Comrade Zhang Aiping, deputy secretary-general of the Military Commission, came out to work, and under the guidance of the policy and line of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, gradually restored the good tradition and good style advocated by Premier Zhou, this long-standing parachute problem was completely resolved. . Premier Zhou also emphasized the need for a high degree of scientific planning. According to the law of many unknowns and changes in scientific research work, he proposed that special committees must set up mobile fees, which should be mastered by the special committee office. New problems arise.Later, it was discovered that new important projects were not included in the plan, or new projects that were not very important but could not be solved if they were not solved. Thanks to the maneuvering fee, they were solved quickly, ensuring the smooth progress of the research and development work.In this regard, the comrades all clapped their hands and applauded.Everyone has realized in practice that this measure has greatly promoted the elimination of many long-standing disadvantages and conservative ideas in planning work.Comrades feel that they have learned a lot from Premier Zhou's dialectical materialism. From the beginning of 1970 to 1974, especially in the last two years, the situation of Premier Zhou became more and more difficult.On the one hand, the persecution of him by the "Gang of Four" became more and more crazy, and on the other hand, the torment of cancer became more and more severe.However, for the prosperity of the nation, the safety and prosperity of the country, Premier Zhou, with overwhelming heroism and perseverance, endured the pressure of the "Gang of Four", endured illness, and presided over the party and The country's top priority, in this critical situation, he still squeezed out rare and precious time to continue to work hard for the development of my country's cutting-edge undertakings.During this period of time, he overcame many difficulties, personally presided over more than 20 special committee meetings, and made a series of major decision-making instructions on the development of various fields of cutting-edge industries in our country.These instructions, until today, still have practical guiding significance. March 31 and April 12, 1974 were the last special committee meetings that Premier Zhou personally presided over before his death. It can be seen that he endured great illness with amazing perseverance to preside over this meeting.Perhaps he has estimated that the time to attend the special committee meeting is running out. At this meeting, he gave a long speech and put forward many valuable opinions on the development of my country's cutting-edge undertakings. On March 31, Premier Zhou presided over a special committee to review and approve the construction plan of the Shanghai Nuclear Power Plant Project (now the Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant), requiring absolute safety and reliability, and instructing relevant departments to select good designers to support Shanghai and to train through this project. A red and professional technical team; he asked the Second Ministry of Machinery, the Seventh Ministry of Machinery, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, and the National Defense Industry Office to sum up their experience and assign special personnel to handle this matter; he instructed that in the south, pay attention to moisture protection , anti-corrosion, and anti-weathering; he was very concerned about the treatment of the "three wastes" (waste residue, waste liquid, and waste gas), asked in detail about various treatment options, and gave instructions one by one; For the sake of future generations; he pointed out that the cutting-edge scientific research team has been messed up by Lin Biao and his gang, and it needs to be rectified and grasped from the system. On April 12, when he presided over a special committee meeting to review another project, he mentioned again that it is necessary to eliminate the influence of the Lin Biao counter-revolutionary clique, to overcome factionalism, to fight against factionalism, and to take measures to rectify it.He listened to the report on the engineering design in detail and sharply criticized the original design plan.He pointed out that it is very dangerous to fix the site without drilling, without knowing the hydrology and geology; he believes that it is a serious mistake to make the design of "connecting the inside and outside of the cave" and "matching each other"; he warned everyone earnestly In the future, we must pay attention to the problem of water consumption when we engage in basic construction.He said that if the water is pumped too much, the ground will sink, and if you don't understand these things, there will be loopholes.He repeatedly reminded everyone to keep in mind that my country's cutting-edge business is still in its infancy, and we must buy time to do it as soon as possible. This is Premier Zhou's last and most precious instruction to our cutting-edge cause before he was seriously ill and hospitalized. He devoted his whole life to our country's cutting-edge cause! When Premier Zhou presided over the special committee of the Central Committee, with his noble character of a great proletarian revolutionist, he flexibly applied Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought to guide comrades on the cutting-edge front of our country's national defense, and overcame all difficulties and obstacles. The achievements of China have continuously climbed the peak of new technology in the world, which has played a very good role in the development of my country's science and technology, economy, politics and the improvement of the international situation. This memoir of mine cannot fully express Comrade Zhou Enlai's brilliant thoughts, practical activities and superb leadership art. I just want to write my personal experience as a commemoration of Comrade Zhou Enlai's 90th birthday.