Chapter 30 The leader of nuclear science and technology in China in the 29th New China

After the founding of New China, under the cordial care and organizational leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai, our country developed from a backward state in industry and science and technology to the explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, the launching of nuclear submarines, and the launch of missiles and artificial satellites. international status.The immortal feats he established will never be forgotten by the people of the whole country. On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Zhou Enlai, as a scientific and technological worker who once worked under his leadership, I recall those past events based on my personal experience to express my deep nostalgia for the beloved Premier Zhou.

When I was still studying in France and engaged in scientific research, I heard many stories about Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen and other comrades who had great ambitions during their work-study programs and were engaged in saving China in distress.It was through the edification of these deeds that I began to have feelings of admiration and admiration for the Chinese Communist Party. The first time I met Comrade Zhou Enlai was at a meeting held in the Beijing Hotel shortly after the liberation of Peking.He reported the situation to people from all walks of life without a piece of paper in hand, and all the data he cited were accurate; he was full of energy, frank in mind, kind and to the point, and talked for three or four hours, and the hearts of the audience were tense from beginning to end. Tightly attracted.For the first time in my life, I heard such a fascinating and convincing report, and I was extremely impressed.Looking back today, Comrade Zhou Enlai's speech and behavior are still vivid in my memory.

At the end of February 1949, Comrade Ding Zan, who was staying at the Beijing Hotel at the time, informed me by phone that the Party Central Committee had decided to send a delegation to Paris, France, to attend the World Peace Conference. I am also a member of the group, and I am asked to assist in going abroad.Ding is a member of the Chinese Association of Scientists, and I am a member of the World Association of Scientists. We know each other well but have never met.At that time, I returned to China for more than half a year. I worked in the Institute of Atomics of the Peking Research Institute and taught at Tsinghua University. I was starting to train nuclear science cadres and prepare to establish a laboratory. But material difficulties were great. I really wanted to take the opportunity to hold a meeting in Paris. I asked my teacher in France, Professor Joliot-Curie, to help me order electromagnets and other instruments, books, and materials for the medium-sized cyclotron.I talked about this idea to Zan, but I regretted it a bit, because the war is still going on, the country's economy and people's lives are still very difficult, and it is not easy to spend foreign exchange to buy equipment and books.Ding said he could reflect my request.Unexpectedly, a few days later, Comrade Li Weihan, head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, asked me to meet in a small house near Huairen Hall. He said to me: "You want to take advantage of the opportunity of the World Peace Defense Conference to order some nuclear science research materials. The central government is very supportive of the equipment. The budget of 200,000 U.S. dollars you mentioned may not be used up at one time; Peiping has just been liberated, and the country’s economy still needs to recover, so this time we plan to pay 50,000 U.S. dollars in the expenses brought by the delegation. The payment will be made successively in the future. The central government attaches great importance to the development of nuclear science, and I hope you will make good plans. The deputy head of the delegation is Comrade Liu Ningyi, whom you are familiar with in the past. When you need to pay this time, you can discuss it with him.” Hearing This communication was really heart-warming at the time. With such a party and leadership who are considerate of the nation and the cause, the development of China's emerging science will surely have great promise!It was later learned that the Party Central Committee made such a decision because Comrade Zhou Enlai played an important role.

The delegation arrived in Moscow by train, and when they applied for a visa to Paris at the French embassy, ​​they were refused entry. The Charles de Gaulle government opposed representatives from the Soviet Union, China, Eastern Europe and other countries going to Paris to hold the World Peace Conference.The Soviet Union promptly contacted Joliot-Curie (World and Grand President) of France, and decided to hold the conference in Paris and Prague at the same time. One conference has two venues, and important speeches can be heard in both venues. When the conference was held on April 20th, Joliot-Curie first protested against the French authorities' practice of not granting visas. He also uttered the aphorism that "truth travel does not require a visa", and the audience applauded enthusiastically.The next day, during the meeting, news came that the Chinese People's Liberation Army had liberated Nanjing. The venue was filled with cheers and applause, and people shook hands and hugged each other to express their congratulations.At this time, several foreign representatives in front of the rostrum lifted the relatively light Chinese representative Ding Zan and threw it into the air, and the atmosphere of the conference reached a climax.The Chinese people have made important contributions to safeguarding world peace.

Under the circumstances at that time, the original plan to go to Paris to meet Joliot-Curie could not be realized.After discussing with Comrade Liu Ningyi, one tenth of the funds approved by the central government (that is, 5,000 U.S. dollars) was withdrawn from the delegation's funds. Curie.Later, Chinese nuclear scientists who returned from France and the United Kingdom used this fund to purchase instruments and books to bring back to China.The original plan to order cyclotron electromagnets did not materialize. After returning to Beijing from Prague, Ding Zan told me that the research institutes of Academia Sinica and Peking Academy of Sciences were repeated, and that manpower was scattered. He asked me to take advantage of the opportunity of preparing for the meeting of natural scientists to start noticing the expertise, achievements and academic insights of the scientists. , in case the new Political Consultative Conference is convened, to propose adjustment plans for the organization of national unified scientific research institutions, and to provide leadership reference.

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai attached great importance to the development of the country's science and technology.Guo Moruo was appointed Director of the Culture and Education Committee of the Government Administration Council and President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1950, Director Guo Moruo issued instructions on the basic tasks of the Chinese Academy of Sciences based on the decision of the Government Administration Council. The main points can be summarized as follows: (1) Establish the viewpoint that scientific research serves the people; emphasize the planning and collective nature of scientific research, and establish organic connections among various disciplines . ⑵Strengthen the political study of researchers, so that they can master the viewpoints and methods of Marxism-Leninism; contact with universities, cooperate with each other, and coordinate the training of specialized talents; call on overseas scientific talents to return to the motherland and serve the motherland. (3) Adjust and enrich scientific research institutions, merge independent institutions of the same nature, and gradually enrich them; solicit opinions from financial and economic departments, select research priorities and solve practical problems according to the needs of the country's current construction; have plans and steps To establish and develop the scientific research of disciplines that are needed for national construction but currently have no foundation.

According to the spirit of these instructions and the central government’s principle of rational layout, Zhu Kexu, vice president of the Academy of Sciences and director of the Planning Bureau, and Qian Sanqiang, deputy director of the bureau, held eight symposiums for scientists to propose plans for the adjustment of research institutions in various disciplines, and finally formed Beijing focuses on mathematical sciences and social sciences, Shanghai focuses on chemistry and biological sciences, Nanjing focuses on geosciences and astronomy, and Northeast China focuses on technical sciences. The layout is gradually adjusted and implemented.Since then, China's science and technology have embarked on the road of serving national construction in a planned way.

At the end of 1951, Premier Zhou personally dealt with the issue of the germ warfare conducted by the United States in North Korea and Northeast China, and decided that Guo Moruo, chairman of the China Defense World Peace Conference, proposed to the World Peace Council to send a delegation of scientists to North Korea and China for investigation. In 1952, the World Peace Council held a special meeting in Oslo, Norway. After fierce struggle, under the call of justice of the chairman of the meeting, Joliot-Curie, etc., finally passed a resolution and established the "International Scientific Research Institute to Investigate the Facts of Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China." committee".The committee is composed of scientists from Britain, France, Italy, the Soviet Union, Brazil, Sweden and other countries, and the Chinese health department and the Academy of Sciences have also organized relevant experts to cooperate.After the committee members arrived in Beijing, Premier Zhou appointed Comrade Liao Chengzhi to be in charge of all the work of this committee, and also appointed me as the liaison officer between the committee and Chinese scientists.In the harsh atmosphere of war, the committee members and experts from China and North Korea conducted on-the-spot investigations regardless of personal safety for the cause of peace, and finally came to the conclusion that the United States had indeed carried out germ warfare in North Korea and Northeast my country, and announced it to the world , Inspired the righteous indignation of peace-loving people in the world, and effectively cracked down on war acts.After the investigation, Premier Zhou accompanied Chairman Mao to meet the members of the committee in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, and expressed his appreciation and thanks for their upholding justice and insisting on seeking truth from facts.I have been practically tempered in this struggle, and my political consciousness has improved significantly. I sincerely thank Premier Zhou for giving me a good opportunity to exercise and thank him for giving me many kind and useful teachings.After more than a year, I joined the Communist Party of China gloriously.

In 1953, the Academy of Sciences decided to organize a delegation to visit the Soviet Union. The main task was to investigate how the Soviet Union organized and led scientific research work, to understand the current situation and development direction of Soviet science, and to exchange views on scientific cooperation between China and the Soviet Union.Premier Zhou cared and questioned the whole matter before and after.The organization of the delegation is under the responsibility of Comrade Hu Qiaomu, Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee. Comrade Zhang Jiafu, the soon-to-be vice president of the Academy of Sciences and Secretary of the Party Group, will serve as the branch secretary of the delegation. I will serve as the head of the delegation, and Comrade Wu Heng will serve as the secretary-general.The delegation consisted of 26 people, including experts from 19 disciplines including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, agriculture, medicine, engineering, history, language, and education.When we were in the Soviet Union, Stalin passed away, and Premier Zhou led a party and government delegation to Moscow.During this very busy and short time, Premier Zhou listened carefully to our delegation's report and gave instructions and specific help. Thanks to the care of Premier Zhou and Comrade Li Fuchun (accompanying Premier Zhou to the Soviet Union), I had the opportunity to Visited some nuclear science research institutions and specialized departments for training cadres.At that time, the Soviet Union classified the work in this area as confidential, so the guided visits and cooperation talks were conducted directly by Academician Skobelchen, the director of the Soviet Institute of Physics, and myself in French, without translation. Skobelchen once lived in France when he was young. Worked in the laboratory and understands French.During the conversation, I tried to see whether the Soviet Union could provide a medium-sized cyclotron and an experimental reactor.His answer was that cyclotron technology is relatively mature, and the Soviet Union can provide it through diplomatic channels; experimental reactors cannot be provided now, but there is a possibility of providing it in the future.

After returning home, the delegation made a systematic summary report and introduced the relevant situation to the scientific community, such as semiconductor research.Premier Zhou attached great importance to these situations, and took some corresponding adjustment measures for the Academy of Sciences in light of the reality of our country, such as the selection of members of the academic departments, and the establishment of four academic departments of mathematics, physics and chemistry, biogeoscience, technical science and social science. Research institutes of the Faculty.At the same time, an award system was established, and the first national natural science award was issued.

Premier Zhou strongly supported the development of emerging disciplines, especially nuclear science, and he really cared for the development of my country's science and technology.After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Modern Physics was established based on the former Institute of Atomics of the Peking Research Institute and the Nuclear Physics Department of the Institute of Physics of the Academia Sinica.Its main task is to study nuclear physics and radiation chemistry, carry out basic work in nuclear science and technology, and prepare for the application of atomic energy. In 1950, Vice President Wu Youxun served concurrently as director, and Qian Sanqiang served as deputy director; in 1951, Qian Sanqiang served as director, and in 1952, Wang Ganchang and Peng Huanwu served as deputy directors.Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University have given active support in manpower.He Zehui, Zhao Zhongyao, Deng Jiaxian, Zhu Hongyuan, Yang Chengzhong, Yang Chengzong, Dai Chuanzeng and more than ten people participated in the initial research work of the Institute. At the end of 1953, the Institute of Modern Physics was renamed the Institute of Physics. After several years of hard work, it has laid a preliminary foundation for the further development of nuclear science research in terms of theoretical foundation, personnel training and material conditions. In 1954, the Ministry of Geology discovered uranium resources during comprehensive prospecting.The international community was preparing to hold a conference on the peaceful use of atomic energy in Geneva, and the Soviet Union expressed its willingness to provide scientific and technological assistance to other countries.Under such circumstances, Premier Zhou personally summoned Li Siguang and me on January 14, 1955, and asked about our country's nuclear science researchers, equipment, and resources. conditions etc.Comrades Bo Yibo and Liu Jie participated in this talk.Premier Zhou told us that the central government will discuss the issue of developing atomic energy. At that time, we will bring uranium ore and simple detection instruments to report and perform.On the next day, January 15, Chairman Mao Zedong hosted an enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat in Zhongnanhai, attended by Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Deng Xiaoping, Li Fuchun, Bo Yibo and others.The meeting heard reports from Li Siguang, Liu Jie and myself.According to Premier Zhou's instructions before the meeting, we used uranium ore specimens and detectors to perform live performances. When the Geiger counter approached the uranium ore and rattled, everyone laughed happily.Then Chairman Mao asked about the development of atomic energy. Premier Zhou sat beside him, interjecting to supplement the situation, while reminding us to focus on the key points and speak in as detailed and popular a manner as possible.After listening to the report, Chairman Mao said very happily: "Our country has now found uranium deposits, and further exploration will definitely find more deposits. Since liberation, we have trained some people, scientific research has a certain foundation, and created Certain conditions, you have often reported in the past few years, but there are many other things, and it is too late to grasp this matter. This matter must always be grasped. Now is the time, and it is time to grasp it. Just arrange the schedule and seriously grasp it. We can definitely do it.” He also emphasized: “Now that the Soviet Union is aiding us, we must do it well! We can do it ourselves, and we can do it well! As long as we have people and resources, we can create any miracle!” Chairman Mao asked about the internal composition of the atomic nucleus. From a philosophical point of view, he proposed that neutrons and protons are also separable.Premier Zhou especially emphasized that the cultivation of talents needs to be greatly strengthened.This is a meeting of great historical significance to my country's nuclear science and technology research and nuclear industry construction. Under the circumstances in our country at that time, it was naturally not an easy task to develop the atomic energy industry. There were many difficulties in terms of scientific and technological strength, equipment conditions, organization and coordination.However, Premier Zhou thought of all these difficulties, and immediately after the meeting, he organized and grasped the following things in a down-to-earth manner: 1.Accelerate the training of professionals, and open the Department of Technical Physics and Engineering Physics.According to our suggestion, Premier Zhou decided to transfer Hu Jimin from Zhejiang University, Yu Fuchun from Peking University, Zhu Guangya from Northeast Renmin University, and Lu Heqiu from Fudan University in Shanghai to establish a technical physics department at Peking University, with Hu Jimin as the head of the department and students from all over the country. The number of third-year students in the school's physics department is selected from among the best, and the number is 100. The teaching equipment is provided by the Institute of Modern Physics, and the name of "Six Groups" is hung in the institute to facilitate access to equipment.The teaching and living rooms are built by the Academy of Sciences.Immediately afterwards, Tsinghua University volunteered to set up the Department of Engineering Physics, with He Dongchang as the head of the department.In this way, from the summer of 1956, about 100 students graduated each year, and from 1960 onwards, the number of graduates reached 200 each year. In 1958, Comrade Nie Rongzhen proposed, and with the support of Premier Zhou, the Academy of Sciences founded the University of Science and Technology of China, adopting the policy of combining departments and departments, and the Institute of Modern Physics is responsible for running the Department of Modern Physics and the Department of Modern Chemistry.Facts have proved that this decision has far-reaching strategic significance. 2.Coordinate and adjust the majors of overseas students in a timely manner to meet urgent needs.Premier Zhou personally assigned the comrades in charge of international students from the Ministry of Education to bring the roster of international students to Comrade Yu Wen of the Cadre Bureau of the Academy of Sciences, and asked him to discuss with us and consider selecting some foreign students who are suitable for changing directions from among the students sent to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to study science and engineering. Nuclear energy-related majors.In the end, we selected more than 300 people. They all played a key role in reactors, nuclear chemistry and chemical engineering, and uranium geology for the atomic energy industry.This work was completely planned and arranged by Premier Zhou for us, and it also has strategic significance. 3.Premier Zhou instructed us to pay attention to propaganda work.He said that our party organization has two departments, namely the Propaganda Department and the Organization Department. We have always put propaganda first and then implemented it.It is not enough for only a few people to know the significance of the development of atomic energy. It must be known to everyone, especially responsible comrades in the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the Military Commission.At the same time, we also urged us to not only pay attention to scientific nature in propaganda, but also to be easy to understand and not to use jargon.According to Premier Zhou's instructions, I will give a trial lecture in the lecture group and give a demonstration performance. After everyone puts forward suggestions for revision, I will give a trial lecture again, and finally the members of the lecture group will preach separately.As a result, more people understood the importance of developing the cause of atomic energy, creating an atmosphere in which the entire Party and the people care about the cause of atomic energy. 4.Premier Zhou emphasized the need to strengthen the party's leadership.He decided that the Political Department of the Military Commission would appoint Comrade Li Yi, a political cadre with a university degree, as the deputy director of the institute, and appointed directors and deputy directors of the three offices to strengthen the staff's awareness of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong The study of ideology, advocating the style of hard work, diligence and founding the country, has played a positive role in implementing the decisions of superior leaders and keeping secrets. In order to strengthen the leadership of the atomic energy industry, in July 1955, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Chen Yun, Nie Rongzhen, and Bo Yibo to form a three-member leadership group. In November 1956, the State Council established the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry (renamed after 1958 as the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry) with Song Renqiong as the minister and Liu Jie, Yuan Chenglong, Liu Wei, Qian Sanqiang, and Lei Rongtian as the vice ministers. The construction and development of my country's atomic energy industry.At the same time, for the development of nuclear science and technology, the Academy of Sciences established the Nuclear Science Committee and the Isotope Application Committee of the Nuclear Science Committee with Li Siguang and Wu Youxun as the chairman respectively.Since then, my country's atomic energy industry has entered a stage of great development. In 1955, the Soviet Union officially notified my country that it would provide a 7000 (watt-kilowatt) heavy water experimental reactor and a cyclotron with a diameter of 1.2 meters in the peaceful use of atomic energy, and accept scientific and technical personnel to practice.In order to install these large-scale equipment and its development needs, Tuoli, a suburb of Beijing, was selected as the experimental base.At the same time, after the diplomatic negotiations between China and the United States in Geneva, a group of scientists who had studied in the United States and Europe returned one after another. Among them, 10 scientists in nuclear science included Zhang Wenyu, Wang Dezhao, Wang Chengshu, Li Zhengwu, and Xie Jialin.According to the needs, the State Council dispatched a group of capable cadres, scientific and technical personnel and skilled technicians from various departments to provide strong support. In the autumn of 1955, Peng Huanwu, Feng Lin, Li Yi, and He Zehui and I led an internship group of more than 30 people to the Soviet Union to practice reactors, cyclotrons, and instruments for research work on these equipments. In the summer of 1958, the reactor, cyclotron and other equipment were completed. With the approval of the State Council, the Institute of Physics was renamed the Institute of Atomic Energy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was under the dual leadership of the Second Ministry of Machinery and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Li Yi, Zhao Zhongyao, Zheng Lin, Wang Ganchang, Peng Huanwu, Luo Qilin, Li Yi and Liang Chao served as deputy directors. On September 27, 1958, the State Council held a grand inauguration ceremony at the experimental base of the Institute of Atomic Energy in Tuoli. The ceremony was presided over by Zhang Jinfu, vice president of the Academy of Sciences. So far, under the care of Premier Zhou, my country's first comprehensive nuclear science and technology base has been initially formed.Many leading comrades, fighting heroes, and labor heroes visited the institute one after another. In particular, on August 22, 1958, Premier Zhou, Vice Premier Chen Yi, and Vice Premier He Long accompanied Prince Sihanouk to visit the institute, which was warmly welcomed by all staff. The scope of business of the Institute has expanded rapidly, and the level of science and technology has also rapidly improved. At this stage, the cooperation and exchange of nuclear science and technology between my country and other socialist countries was mainly carried out at the Joint Nuclear Research Institute in Dubna, Soviet Union. In the spring of 1956, it was agreed that eleven countries including the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Romania would establish a joint nuclear institute. Since the autumn and winter of 1956, more than 130 scientists and young people have been selected by the Nuclear Science Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from various regions of the country to work in the Institute. Among them are Wang Ganchang, Zhang Wenyu, Hu Ning, Zhu Hongyuan, Zhou Guangzhao, He Zuoxiu, Lu Min, Fang Shouxian and others.Wang Ganchang was elected as the deputy director of the institute from 1958 to 1960.Scientists from our country and other member states have contributed to the development of the Institute, among which the most prominent ones are: the research team led by Wang Ganchang discovered the anti-sigma negative hyperon, and Ding Dazhao and Ding Dazhao participated in this work Wang Zhuxiang and workers from other member states; another work is that Zhou Guangzhao gave a more rigorous theoretical proof to the partial pseudo-vector current conservation law (PEAC) proposed by Gell-Mann et al. This concept directly promotes the flow algebra theory and played an important role in the weak interaction theory.Through the extensive exchanges and cooperation of the joint Institute, it has played a good role in cultivating nuclear science talents in my country. In 1965, my country withdrew from the Union Institute. In order to change my country's economic, scientific and cultural backwardness, in 1956, Premier Zhou personally led the formulation of my country's first 12-year plan for the development of science and technology.During the planning process, he paid special attention to listening to the opinions of scientists from all walks of life, especially different opinions.The policy of determining the plan is: focus on development and catch up.57 important tasks were selected.According to the trend of international scientific and technological development and the specific conditions of our country, Premier Zhou also decisively took emergency measures in the planning of atomic energy, jet technology, computing technology, semiconductors, electronics, automation technology and other work.While paying attention to the development of emerging technologies and applied science, he is very concerned about basic scientific research. He pointed out: "If we do not strengthen our attention to long-term needs and theoretical work in time, then we will make a big mistake. There is no certain It is impossible to have fundamental progress and innovation in technology.” Most of the projects in the twelve-year plan were realized ahead of schedule, which enabled us to establish a number of important research institutions across the country and form our own scientific research system. When the science and technology development plan was formulated for the second time in 1963, the emerging discipline of laser, which had just emerged, was added as a key project in time.Laser has been well developed in our country, and its application will bring technological innovation in many aspects, and may even lead to technological revolution.It was a pioneering work at that time that Premier Zhou led the formulation of a long-term plan for the development of science and technology. In June 1959, the Soviet government unilaterally tore up the agreement on new technologies for national defense.In this regard, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to rely entirely on its own strength to develop the cause of atomic energy.Premier Zhou proposed the policy of independence, self-reliance, and a domestic basis, and asked the Second Ministry of Machinery to shorten the front line, concentrate on solving the most urgently needed tasks, and mobilize the strength of various regions and departments to support the atomic energy cause. In November 1962, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Premier Zhou Enlai was established as the director. The 15-member special committee formed by Gao Yang led the construction of my country's atomic energy industry, the development of nuclear weapons, nuclear testing, and nuclear science and technology, which effectively promoted the development of my country's atomic energy industry. As my country's first comprehensive nuclear science and technology base, the Institute of Atomic Energy immediately shifted to the orbit of serving the nuclear industry, giving full play to the advantages of multidisciplinary comprehensiveness, not only undertaking the heavy tasks of scientific and technological research and training cadres, but also It also selects and recommends batches of outstanding scientific and technological cadres, who are sent to relevant institutes, institutes, and factories of the nuclear industry to assume the responsibility of scientific and technological leadership.Due to the actions of the Soviet Union to break the contract and suspend aid, the strong patriotic spirit of the majority of scientific and technological personnel was aroused, and they felt great honor for undertaking the task.At that time, our main goal was to ensure the timely supply of sufficient quantities of uranium-235, plutonium and lithium-6 nuclear fuel and the design and manufacture of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear submarines.In order to achieve such a goal, our Institute of Atomic Energy and the vast number of scientific and technological staff have done a lot of work.Effective and powerful organizational leadership is the guarantee for the development of major national scientific and technological undertakings.The strong leadership of the Central Special Committee headed by Premier Zhou has enabled the rapid development of my country's cutting-edge science and technology.Premier Zhou's successful experience in leading and deploying the development of my country's science and technology will continue to play an important role in the new historical process. Comrade Zhou Enlai, a great Marxist, will always remain in our hearts!