Chapter 7 〇6 Arming the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee with the spirit of the "Six National Congresses"

Comrade Zhou Enlai and I have known each other since the period of the Great Revolution.We were both in Guangzhou at the time, and he was the secretary of the Military Committee of the Guangdong Region of the Communist Party of China. I was the Secretary of the Party General Branch and a member of the Guangdong Region Student Movement Committee at Sun Yat-sen University. After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, I moved from Guangzhou to Shanghai to work in the Central Military Commission, and Comrade Enlai was the secretary of the Central Military Commission. In 1928, the "Sixth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow.Comrade Enlai attended the "Sixth National Congress" and returned to China. He went to Tianjin to preside over the enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to convey the spirit of the "Sixth National Congress" and rectify the work of the northern party.I was sent to make preparations for this enlarged meeting, and then stayed in Tianjin to work.

In October 1928, I was preparing to go to Moscow to study in the "Study Class of the Branch of Preparatory Students Studying in the Soviet Union" in Shanghai.Comrade Chen Tanqiu, as the head of the Northern Party, returned to Shanghai from Tianjin to report on his work.He found me and hoped that I would go to Tianjin to work with him.I didn't answer right away.At that time, Comrade Li Lisan had returned to China from Moscow and temporarily presided over the work of the Central Committee in Shanghai.Tan Qiu proposed to Li Lisan that after several major damages to the Northern Party, there was a shortage of cadres, and he hoped that the central government would send more cadres and mentioned me.Li San immediately agreed.Later, Tanqiu took me to see Li Lisan (he lived in the Dazhong Hotel upstairs in Shanghai Xianshi Company), and Lisan said to me: "Don't go to Moscow to study, go to work in Tianjin with Chen Tanqiu! Leave tomorrow. "I was a little put off by his commanding tone, but I agreed.Li San said to us: "The northern party is in chaos now and needs to be rectified. The Central Committee has already studied it when it met in Moscow. It was decided that Zhou Enlai would go to Tianjin to preside over an enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee to convey the spirit of the 'Sixth National Congress' and rectify the northern party. Organization. Now, the 'Sixth National Congress' has ended, Zhou Enlai is on his way back to China, and will arrive in Shanghai soon, you can make preparations first, and make preparations for the meeting."

Around October 10th, Tan Qiu and I set off from Shanghai by boat. We were accompanied by Tan Qiu's lover Xu Quanzhi and children, and Zhan Daquan's lover Tian Xingmei.On the boat, Tan Qiu talked with me about many issues, such as his views on the future of the Chinese revolution, etc., but the most talked about was about the situation of the Northern Party.According to him, the problems left over from the history of the Northern Party are many and complicated, mainly because after the failure of the Great Revolution, the leader of the Northern Party, Peng Shuzhi, etc. made mistakes and could not treat them correctly, and quarreled with each other, leading to the disbandment of the leading organization. Most grassroots organizations are paralyzed.In addition, non-proletarian ideas are rampant among party members, and liberalism and extreme democratization are quite common.Due to the panic in the party's funding sources at that time, some party organizations demanded that the party's funds be divided equally, and economic problems were also prominent.In short, the Northern Party is relatively chaotic in terms of ideology and organization.For this reason, the Party Central Committee has sent Chen Tanqiu, Liu Shaoqi, and Han Lianhui as special commissioners to deal with the issue of Shunzhi.

On the second day after the ship arrived in Tianjin, we met Comrade Liu Shaoqi and conveyed to him Li Lisan's opinion on holding an enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee to convey the spirit of the "Sixth National Congress".At this time, the Northern Bureau had been abolished, and the Northern Bureau's responsibilities were performed in the name of "Tan Shaolian" (that is, the collective name of Chen Tanqiu, Liu Shaoqi, and Han Lianhui, each taking the middle character). The scope of jurisdiction included Beiping, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Rehe, Chahar, etc.Because the Northern Bureau had been abolished, the Organization Department and the Propaganda Department did not exist, and there was only one secretariat in the agency, which consisted of offices and mimeograph departments.The leadership division is: Han Lianhui is the secretary, Liu Shaoqi is in charge of the organization, Chen Tanqiu is in charge of the propaganda, and Zhan Daquan is in charge of the secretariat.I was assigned to work in the Secretariat and lived with Comrade Guo Zongjian.

The preparations for the meeting began soon. According to Tan Qiu's opinion, we started with understanding the situation, first read the materials, and then went to the grassroots to conduct field investigations.During this period, we read a lot of materials, including those from the special committee, the county committee, and the central county committee, all of which were reports to the Northern Bureau.Some of these reports are well written, such as the reports of party organizations such as Baonan, Baobei, Zhinan, Jingdong, etc., which are written very well and left a deep impression on me.Judging from those reports, the party work in the north during the Great Revolution was indeed very successful. Although some local party organizations were destroyed many times later, the party organizations preserved in various places are still relatively good, such as the Baoding South Special Committee in Hebei Province, The Baoding North Special Committee, the Beiping Municipal Committee, the Tangshan Municipal Committee, the Zibo and Jinan Special Committees in Shandong, and the Zunhua County Committee and Fengrun County Committee.In addition, Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shanxi, Rehe, Chahar and other places also have party organizations, and the army in Yantai area also has party work.

After reading the materials for a period of time, we went to the grassroots to investigate in four ways: Tanqiu went to Baonan and Baobei areas on the Pinghan line; Shaoqi went to Jingdong Tangshan, Yutian, Fengrun and other counties; Han Lianhui went to Cangzhou and Damingfu on the Jinpu line and other places; I went to Beiping, Zhangjiakou and other places on the Pingsui line.Half a month later, everyone returned to Tianjin one after another to make specific preparations for the meeting.We are working on the drafting of the meeting documents while making organizational preparations such as the selection of representatives.The documents drafted include draft resolutions on political tasks, party affairs issues, peasant movement, labor movement, youth work, relief society issues, etc.Tan Qiu was in charge of this work, and I assisted.Regarding the issue of the political resolution, we only made an outline, because the formal drafting cannot be done until Comrade Enlai arrives.Comrade Shaoqi is in charge of the relevant organizational preparations, with assistance from Zhan Daquan.

In mid-December 1928, Chen Tanqiu received a secret telegram from the Shanghai Party Central Committee.The telegram said that Zhou Enlai had come to Tianjin by boat, and told us about the makeup situation, and asked us to send a comrade who knew Enlai to meet him at the pier.Because I knew Comrade Enlai, Tanqiu sent me to pick him up.At around 3 o'clock that afternoon, I went to the pier to wait.At about 4:30, a boat from Tanggu slowly approached the Haihe Wharf.Among the crowd who disembarked, there was a businessman with a mustache, a top hat, and a long robe and mandarin jacket. I recognized him at a glance as Zhou Enlai.He also quickly recognized me.When we met, he kindly said: "You are here, when did you come?" I said: "I just came here not long ago, two months before you."I think it's getting late, so I suggest going to a nearby restaurant to have dinner first.After dinner, I accompanied him to the Changchun Hotel (now No. 117 Binjiang Road) for a rest.At that time, this was the secret transportation organ of the party, and many representatives who were going to attend the enlarged meeting already lived here.After the break, I sent Comrade Enlai to live in a high-end hotel in the Japanese Concession.This is a three-story building, and Comrade Enlai lives in a large room with a suite on the second floor.The next morning, Tan Qiu, Shaoqi, Han Lianhui, Zhang Kundi, Guo Zongjian and I went to see Comrade Zhou Enlai and reported to him the work of the Northern Party and the preparations for the enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Committee.It was immediately decided that the political report of the congress would be drafted by Comrade Enlai himself.When researching the list of delegates, both Shaoqi and Tanqiu mentioned some people. Comrade Enlai suggested that all Central Committee members from the North China region who had attended the "Sixth National Congress" could participate, and the number of delegates should not be too many.After repeated research, more than 50 people were reduced to more than 40 people.

In order to unify the thinking and make the preparations for the meeting better, we compiled and published a party publication aimed at the problems existing in the Shunzhi Party, which means the way out for the Northern Party.The first issue was published on November 16, 1928.Introductory speech written by Comrade Liu Shaoqi.This is a pamphlet with a relatively strong fighting nature, and it is mimeographed.The main content, one is to discuss the way out of the straight party and how to rectify it, and unify the understanding; the other is to discuss the party's organizational principles, and to educate party members on organizational discipline and basic party knowledge.In addition, some articles on the future of the Chinese revolution, the cause of communism, and the party's principles and policies were also published.Just before the enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee was about to be held, the second issue was printed.The first article was a letter from the Central Committee to the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee, titled "The Central Committee's Line for Reforming the Shunzhi Party".In this issue, Comrade Zhou Enlai also signed Wu Hao and wrote an article "Answers to Several Questions in the Process of Reforming the Shunzhi Party".This was written by Comrade Enlai just after arriving in Tianjin, after talking with some comrades, in order to answer some questions about the rectification of the Shunzhi Party organization, before going to press.On the Internet, Comrade Shaoqi's pseudonym Zhao Qi also wrote articles such as "Professional Movement Notes", and Tan Qiu also wrote an article, and I also wrote one.It was an irregular publication, which ceased publication in August 1929.After the liberation of the whole country, I have been looking for this publication, but I can't find it. During the "Cultural Revolution", when the students of Tianjin University investigated me, I saw the second issue from their hands, saying that they found it from the walls of collapsed houses in Baoding area.They asked me to identify the authenticity, and I knew it was real at a glance, it was inscribed by the technical department.

At the end of December 1928, the enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was officially held in Tianjin.The conference venue was arranged by Guo Zongjian and Zhan Daquan.The location is in two rows of bungalows near Xingyi Lane, Zhangzhuang Bridge in the French Concession.This is a new house built by a Shanghai real estate company, and no one has lived in it yet.There is a bathhouse nearby, and a chapel not far away.In addition to the members of the North China Central Committee who had returned from the Sixth National Congress and the leaders of the northern party leadership, representatives from the local party included: Du Qingyu from Zhinan, Zhang Zhaofeng (who used to be a member of Feng Yuxiang's subordinates) who attended the meeting. a teacher), Bao belonged to Yan Tingbi, Li Yunchang from Jingdong, and the three elders from Tangshan: Lao Ju Huai, Wang Dezheng and Li Jing.Wang Dezheng is a Chinese laborer who returned from the Soviet Union and is a representative of Tangshan; Li Jing is a representative of Tangjiazhuang Coal Mine; old Ju Huai has been to France and is a traffic officer in Tangshan and Tianjin.Both Lao Ju Huai and Li Jing later rebelled.

At the beginning of the meeting, Comrade Zhou Enlai first made a political report. He conveyed in detail the spirit of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Moscow, analyzed the political situation, described the nature of Chinese society and the nature of the Chinese revolution, and pointed out the current political situation. The situation is between two revolutionary high tides, the first high tide has passed, and the new high tide has not yet arrived. The general task of the party is not to attack but to accumulate strength, wait for the opportunity, win over the masses, carry out struggles, and meet the new revolution. climax.He also said that this is the criterion that determines everything at present, and all comrades must have in-depth research and understanding before they can be used correctly.This report is relatively long, and Comrade Enlai has analyzed the incorrect ideas among party members more.He pointed out that these incorrect concepts did not understand the correct meaning of the resolutions of the Sixth Congress, and all hindered our current general task of winning over the masses.He deeply criticized all kinds of non-proletarian ideas in the Shunzhi Party.He said that in order to Bolshevik the party, it is necessary to strengthen the foundation of the proletariat, and at the same time continue to transform the party organization, especially to resolutely oppose the petty bourgeois consciousness; , it is necessary to eliminate the past "left" or right tendency, because it is absolutely incompatible with the spirit and line of the "Sixth Party Congress".

After Comrade Zhou Enlai's report, Comrade Liu Shaoqi and Comrade Chen Tanqiu both made reports.Comrade Shaoqi mainly talked about the examination of the qualifications of representatives and some situations of the Northern Party.Tan Qiu mainly talked about the policy of rectifying the northern party.At the meeting, everyone had different views on the Northern Party.Some people think that the old foundation of the Northern Party is outdated, and it’s not looking good anymore, but Tan Qiu believes that the foundation of the Northern Party is still relatively good. Compared with the South, the destruction and destruction caused by the white terror is not very serious. The problem is The upper-level leadership is not united, and disputes continue, which need to be rectified.He has a more comprehensive view of the Northern Party.I remember that Comrade Enlai supported Tan Qiu's views. According to the spirit of the "Sixth National Congress" resolution and the specific situation of the Shunzhi Party, the meeting passed some resolutions after discussion.Among them are "Resolution on the Political Tasks of the Shunzhi Party", "Resolution on Party Affairs Issues of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee", "Resolution on the Workers and Workers of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee", "Resolution on the Farmers' Issues of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee", " Resolution on the Youth Movement of the Provincial Party Committee" and "Resolution on the Women's Movement of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee", etc.These resolutions have all been reviewed by Comrade Enlai in advance.Finally, the meeting passed the election, and the Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was officially formed.Also established at the same time were the Shunzhi Military Committee, with Zhang Zhaofeng as the secretary; the Shunzhi Labor Movement Committee, with Zhang Kundi as the secretary; the Shunzhi Peasant Movement Committee, with Hao Qingyu as the secretary; the Shunzhi Women's Movement Committee, with Qin Lanying (Zhang Kundi's lover) as the secretary. At around 7:00 p.m. on January 10 or 11, 1929, Comrade Enlai presided over the first meeting of the Standing Committee of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee in Fozhao Building, Tianjin.Not many people participated.I also attended.At the meeting, the division of labor was studied: Han Lianhui was the secretary; Chen Tanqiu was the head of propaganda, and I assisted; Zhang Mutao was the head of the organization; Guo Zongjian was the secretary general of the provincial party committee.Zhang Mutao was on his way back from Moscow at that time. There was a great debate at the meeting about his appointment as the head of the organization. Organization Minister) made some explanations and persuasion work, and finally decided to "maintain the original case". The original plan was to restore the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee. Later, according to Comrade Enlai's instructions from the central government that the provincial Party committee should focus on the work in the industrial center area, it was decided not to restore the municipal Party committee for the time being but to establish a number of district committees under the direct leadership of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee.Accordingly, Tianjin established five district committees, namely, Xiabian District (mainly Xiaoliuzhuang Yuyuan Spinning Mill), Hebei District (mainly Hengyuan Spinning Mill), Hexi District (mainly Xilouwu Village), and the other two I can’t remember the names of the districts, but one is called the Concession District (mainly the urban concession), and the other is called the Hedong District (mainly the Tongjialou Yuda Spinning Mill). At the end of January, Comrade Enlai completed his mission in Tianjin and returned to Shanghai.It was sent by Comrade Guo Zongjian.After he returned to Shanghai, he still cared about the work of the Shunzhi Party.I remember that when he left Tianjin, I mentioned to him that we did not have printing equipment, and the publications could only be engraved by hand. He promised to find a solution as soon as he returned to Shanghai.Soon, Comrade Mao Zemin, the former manager of the Party's publishing department, came. According to Comrade Enlai's opinion, he led the staff from Shanghai to Tianjin with the machine, and I was the one to pick it up.Comrade Mao Zemin also came with his lover Qian Xijun (Xijun) and his children, as well as Chairman Mao's nephew Mao Yuanyue who specialized in printing.After they came, I brought them into contact with Ji Tingyang, the person in charge of the Technical Section of the Provincial Party Committee, rented a house in the Xiaobailou area of ​​the British Concession, and set up a printing factory.This factory is called "Huaxin Printing Company" to the outside world, and it also undertakes some outside work such as printing advertisements. It is actually an underground printing factory of the provincial party committee.They printed the "Northern Red Flag" published by the Provincial Party Committee and the "Bolshevik" reprinted in Tianjin.This underground printing factory played a very important role in printing the provincial party committee's official publications and secret documents. At the enlarged meeting of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee, Comrade Zhou Enlai, on behalf of the organization, called on young intellectual party members to go to the grassroots, go to factories, and go to industrial workers to carry out work and receive training.I responded to this call, and with the approval of the Provincial Party Committee, I went to the Lower Border District to serve as the secretary of the District Party Committee and went to the factory to organize labor movements. I have worked under the leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai many times in my life and received his kind teaching and care. In 1952, he asked me to work in the preparatory office of the Central Revolutionary Museum, and repeatedly asked me to publicize the history of the party and the deeds of the revolutionary martyrs, but he was not allowed to hang his own photo.He is such a great man who has made great contributions to the people and is very humble.