Chapter 25 Appendices

In the past, in general history books, and even professional academic papers and works, when it comes to the customs of any period of Chinese history, even economic, social, and political aspects, it is customary to treat China as a whole.However, such a macroscopic perspective is actually extremely one-sided, because ancient China was essentially a combination of several "sub-regions", and any local sample cannot be taken lightly as a national evidence. This is like today when a foreigner comes to China, if he only sees metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai and takes them as his impression of China, then the China he gets will undoubtedly be a very one-sided China. He will feel that China is already a fairly developed country; but if he only goes to those remote mountainous areas and thinks he knows China, it is not a real China.

In fact, historical scholars in the past often made such "foreigner mistakes" when observing Chinese history. Some historians only linger in Beijing and Shanghai, and only see the best data of an era in their eyes-what they see is the most civilized side of that era, the most advanced technologies, and the most civilized society. Political spirit, the highest mu yield, the most outstanding legal practice... Thus, an era suddenly became extremely beautiful.In economic history, there are two special words used to describe this kind of historical observation method-"selection method" and "extraction method".

Of course, in our country, more historians or pseudo-historians go to the other extreme.In their eyes, they can only see the most corrupt, darkest, and most backward corners of ancient China, just as they only know to linger in the poorest corners of our society. It is not that they do not know that there are Beijing and Shanghai, but they believe that It's just embellishment, even if Beijing and Shanghai are mentioned occasionally, what they see is only the dark and corrupt things there. We don't know how these people view the real society, but we can believe with the greatest good faith that they must be some respectable idealists, because their descriptions make us believe that they think the poorest people are The reality of our society, in the face of poverty and darkness, metropolises such as Beijing and Shanghai, are just illusions of the times, and even crimes of the times.

Such historical logic has subtly influenced the view of Chinese history of the vast majority of us Chinese. However, fortunately, in the past ten years, at least historians have begun to gradually reflect.When the eyes of the observer are beyond the two extremes, we will approach the truth of history; when the ambition of the observer is no longer obsessed with drawing macro conclusions, we can see the difference in space. In the following pages, Ayue will try to use this spirit to introduce the customs and customs of the era in which "New Song Dynasty" was located. As long as we mention the customs of that era described in "New Song Dynasty", even those who are not familiar with the history of the Northern Song Dynasty will open their mouths to say "Tokyo Menghualu" and "Surfing the River During Qingming Festival". , together depicting the peerless elegance of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty.

However, when we look at the Song Dynasty through "Tokyo Menghualu" and "Qingming Shanghe Tu", we need to know that it is only the Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo during the Song Dynasty - of course we can also look at our era through New York It is not wrong to look at China in our era through Beijing and Shanghai...as long as we understand in our hearts that it is only the most prosperous place in an era.Therefore, if someone misunderstands that the lifestyle and standard of living of the Bianjing people were the same as those of the people of the Song Dynasty at that time, then please let us line up to welcome the Martians!

In the era of "New Song Dynasty", Bianjing may be a national representative, but it must not be a national model.Moreover, we must accept a reality: not only Bianjing cannot, but also no city, any county, any state, any prefecture, or any road can be used as a national model. Because, in the era of "New Song Dynasty", there was a huge and obvious difference between the so-called "South" and "North".This huge difference is not limited to differences in customs, but is also reflected in various aspects of society, politics, culture, and economy... Therefore, when we look at the customs of the Northern Song Dynasty with our eyes, what we see at first glance must be - "there are differences between the north and the south".

Where is the South?Where is the north? This is by no means a matter of course, because north and south are only a relative concept.For example, a person from Hunan sometimes naturally draws the boundary with the Yangtze River. The north of the Yangtze River is the north, and the south of the Yangtze River is the south.But in the hearts of Xinyang people, this standard is not valid, because they may think that the north of the Yellow River is the north, and Xinyang should be in the south; but in the hearts of Guangzhou people, after passing Shaoguan, they are considered northerners. . So, we must know!What regions did the "South" and "North" refer to in Song people's minds?

After reading "New Song Dynasty" for so long, everyone must have understood the administrative regions at that time, and in the book, you will often see words such as "Northwest", "Two Norths", "Hebei", "Southeast "... such a noun.Careful readers may have already delved into the true meaning of these nouns—yes, all of these nouns have their specific references and their specific cultural meanings. In fact, no matter whether it is "South" or "North", "East" or "West", it is not easy to investigate seriously, because it itself represents a kind of value.The so-called orientation has a lot to do with the "centrism" in people's minds. For example, today we talk about the "Far East" and keep talking about the "Middle East". This is a Eurocentric view, and it is actually a kind of cultural hegemony.Because if you look at these regions from a historical perspective, the so-called "Middle East" is not actually the East, it should be a relatively central region in human civilization. According to the cultural habits of the Chinese, it is worthy of the name "China "; and the so-called "Far East" is not far away.And even if it was changed to China before the 19th century, it is absolutely hard to imagine that any Chinese would accept the terms "Middle East" and "Far East" that Europeans called, and it is absolutely impossible to be like the Chinese today. No doubt.Because, according to the central view of the Chinese at that time, the so-called "Far East" was the center of the world, while the "Middle East" was clearly in the west.

In the era of "New Song Dynasty", people cast their sights around Bianjing and Jingxi Road (mainly including today's Henan and northern Hubei) as the center, so there are so-called "Northwest", "Northeast", "Southeast", "Southwest".And the area referred to by "Northeast" is completely different from today's "Northeast". The "Northwest" mentioned by the Song people refers to the three roads of Shaanxi, Hedong, and Hebei, so it is sometimes called "Northwest Three Roads"; "Northeast" refers to Jingdong Road, which is today's Shandong area; " Northwest" and "Northeast" are also collectively referred to as "Two Norths".The word "Northwest" is sometimes used to refer to the north in general, including not only the two northern regions, but also Bianjing and Jingxi Road.In other words, the Liangbei region, Bianjing, Jingxi and other regions constituted the north of the Song Dynasty.

"Southeast" refers to Huainan, Liangzhe, Jiangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan and other roads, but "Southeast" in the strict sense only refers to the so-called "six southeast roads" of Jiang, Hu, Huai, and Zhejiang; " "Southwest" includes Chengdu, Lizhou, Zizhou, Kuizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi (occasionally we will find that people also regard Guangnan East and West Road as part of "Southeast") and other roads.The "southeast" and "southwest" constituted the south of the Song Dynasty. This is the south and north in the hearts of Song people. In fact, it is a kind of value with Kaifeng as the center of the world.

After clarifying the south and north in Song people's minds, we can formally take a look at the differences between the south and the north in the Song Dynasty.Since it is a "custom annals", of course we have to start with basic necessities of life. The differences in climate and geography between the south and the north, as well as the differences in food, clothing, housing and transportation, still stubbornly exist in today's climate-disordered world.When human beings were still living on a normal earth a thousand years ago, it was not surprising that there were differences between the north and the south.Moreover, as far as the Song Dynasty is concerned, the difference in food, clothing, housing and transportation between the north and the south is actually not particularly large. But, having said that, sometimes it can be deadly if you're stubborn. This is by no means an exaggeration by Ayue. In the Song Dynasty, some southerners hated northerners wearing woolen and brown clothes, and would rather freeze to death than wear silk clothes!And he finally died of illness because of the cold.This gentleman is famous and his surname is Xu Mingxuan. Song Taizu's famous saying "How can you allow others to sleep soundly on the side of the couch" was said to him. Of course, this is just an extreme example.Who knows if it was because Xu was stimulated by Song Taizu and had a strong rebellious mentality towards the north? In fact, clothing was the smallest item among the differences between the north and the south in the Song Dynasty.Song people are surprisingly consistent on this point. No matter southerners or northerners, they will pursue fashion and exotic clothes. Whenever economic conditions permit, they will try their best to dress themselves better.When Sima Guang was educating his son, he left a very famous saying: "Soldiers wear like soldiers, while farmers wear silk shoes." This sentence is widely quoted today, and it is regarded as a symbol of people's living standards in the Song Dynasty.But in fact, this sentence can also be regarded as a description of people's clothing customs at that time.The people at that time were so fashion-conscious. Sima Guang and Cheng Yi were well-known fashion design enthusiasts, and the "Dongpo hat" designed by Su Shi became a fashion for a while.Speaking of this, there is one thing I want to explain by the way. In the era of "New Song Dynasty", turbans were not popular among literati and bureaucrats, but turbans were still popular among ordinary people. Aligned.Friends who like to pay attention to the portraits of people in the Song Dynasty will notice that what Yue Wumu wears on his head is a turban.This is also another feature of Song Dynasty clothing. The strict hierarchical system of clothing in the past has been completely broken in this era. If there is only the prejudice of individual extremists in terms of clothing between the North and the South, then in terms of diet, the differences between the North and the South are more obvious.And this difference is quite interesting. In terms of taste, the difference between the tastes of people in the Song Dynasty between the north and the south is completely different from today's, or even diametrically opposite.Because, there are reliable records that in the Song Dynasty, the taste of southerners was mainly salty, while the taste of northerners was sweet and sour.This feature makes me very suspicious. The taste of today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas may be the result of the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition to taste, if you exclude Bianjing City, which is prosperous to the point of depravity, generally speaking, the food in the south is more exquisite and exquisite than that in the north.In the "Lei Shuo" written by the people of the Northern Song Dynasty, there is a common saying that was recorded without thinking: "If you don't reach Chang'an, you will live up to your eyes, and if you don't reach Liangzhe, you will live up to your mouth." Ah Yue thought for a long time, but he couldn't figure out the meaning of the previous sentence. Meaning, what is the beauty of Chang'an landscape?Or is there a lot of beauties in Chang'an?In short, this proverb means that if you don’t go to Chang’an, you will be sorry for your eyes. As for how to be sorry for your eyes, I really have to leave it to you.But the meaning of the latter sentence is very clear. I'm really sorry for your mouth.It can be seen that at that time, Liangzhe was already a hometown of gourmet food. It is said that Cai Jing had to kill hundreds of quails once to eat quail soup. To treat a guest, a single steamed bun with crab roe would cost more than 1,300 guan. I don’t know if it is true A bad habit developed when he was an official in Hangzhou. Of course, the so-called exquisite food can only be enjoyed by the wealthy class.As far as ordinary people are concerned, the most eaten ones are paofan, Sichuan rice, and Quzhou rice.Paofan is still available in Hangzhou today.For southerners, Sichuan rice sold in tea shops is the most important staple food.It is said that in many shops in Bianjing, for fear that the southerners are not used to the taste of the northerners, they specially sell "Sichuan rice" to the southerners. I just don't know if this Sichuan rice is a Sichuan dish that is spread all over the country today. The ancestors of the museum? Quzhou rice is a kind of fast food, which is actually braised rice. At that time, "noble people" did not eat it. For ordinary people who are not picky, after work, find a Quzhou restaurant to fill their stomachs and continue working. Living is their most common way of life. In terms of drinking, the three major beverages in the Song Dynasty were wine, tea, and soup.In the "New Song Dynasty", we often see the custom of ordering soup to see off guests.The soups of the Northern Song Dynasty are actually different from our soups today. Most of the soups at that time were medicinal soups, which would be equipped with medicinal materials such as licorice.In addition to these three major beverages, milk and juice can also rank among the top five.Northerners often drink cow's milk, horse's milk, donkey's milk, and goat's milk. Of course, southerners do not have such good natural conditions, but it is said that the people on Liangzhe Road also like milk. Apart from food and clothing, the most important thing in people's life is housing.Generally speaking, ordinary people in the Song Dynasty could live in tile-roofed houses with better conditions, while those with poorer conditions could only live in thatched houses.There is not much difference between the north and the south except that some areas in the south live in bamboo houses or take boats as their homes.The biggest difference between the north and the south is reflected in the decoration of houses. Song people attached great importance to home decoration. In Li Shishi’s bedroom, there are landscape paintings everywhere, and some people even hang portraits. If Huang Tingjian’s home hangs a portrait of his teacher Su Shi, it just reflects the fine tradition of respecting teachers. Well, according to records, some people hang portraits of their sisters in their study rooms, so it should be related to customs. But this level of decoration is nothing more than a common practice.Compared with Hangzhou people's enthusiasm for home decoration, it is really nothing to mention.Open the "Song Dynasty Facts Class Garden", and we will see such a record - if a Hangzhou person has a family property of 100 guan, they will definitely use more than 50 guan to decorate the doors and windows.This is definitely not an isolated evidence, because Ouyang Xiu also recorded this custom in a poem-"Beyond the vulgar and usurp the palace, and spend money to carve the wall". In terms of travel, Jin Yong's favorite saying is "Northern people ride horses and Southern people ride boats".However, in the actual life of Song people, riding horses and boats, in terms of "walking", accounted for a small proportion after all. Most people walked most of the time, regardless of whether southerners or northerners. The biggest difference between the north and the south lies in the streets. As usual, except for the freak of Bianjing, the streets in the north are mainly dirt roads; while the streets in the south are very surprising and very impressive-the streets in the south are mostly brick streets!We can even often find such records in historical materials that a certain southern official transformed the post road into a gravel road or even a stone road! Frankly speaking, Ah Yue thinks it is difficult to explain all this by saying that the south is rainy and the roads are easy to be muddy. The local governments in the south dared to do such extravagant things in public expenditure, which should be inseparable from the prosperity of the south in the Song Dynasty. And even if people no longer walk, horseback riding is not the first choice for northerners.To be precise, taking a car is the first choice for Beiren.There are many types of cars, and the comfort conditions are also very different.But for the people watching the cars passing by on the side of the road, there are only two kinds of cars, one is for men, and the yellow dust is billowing, and you have to turn sideways quickly, stretching out your sleeves to cover your mouth and nose; It is a car for beautiful women. When this kind of car passes by, it is said that "the fragrant cloud is like smoke, which lasts for miles, and the dust is fragrant."——Amen! However, even if you get tuberculosis if you run around in the car, it is good.Decades after the era described in "New Song Dynasty", at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty in history, the sedan chair rose - this is something that Wang Anshi and Sima Guang hated, but as the atmosphere became more luxurious and weaker, The sedan chair finally became popular, and it also heralded the imminent demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Horseback riding is the second choice of northerners, for no other reason. There were not many horses in the Northern Song Dynasty, and not everyone could afford to ride a horse.Cars can be pulled by oxen, but the custom of riding oxen became less popular after the Tang Dynasty.If you can't afford a horse, you have to ride a mule or a donkey.In the era of "New Song Dynasty", Song people were not as weak as later generations, and even prostitutes could ride donkeys and horses. Relatively speaking, southerners generally have fewer opportunities to take a car than northerners.Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, to be precise, it should be "south ships and north cars". It must be admitted that the people of the Song Dynasty were very connotative people.Therefore, the differences between the north and the south in the Song Dynasty were not mainly reflected in external things such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, but were deeply reflected in the relationship between human relations and etiquette.If we are as lucky or unlucky as Shi Yue, we may not be able to accurately distinguish whether this person is from the south or the north from the habits of clothing, food, housing, and travel in the Northern Song Dynasty, but as long as we can live with each other For a few days, even if they all spoke standard Kaifeng mandarin, we could quickly tell whether his hometown was in the south or the north. Let's talk about how to further distinguish whether your Song Dynasty friends are from the south or from the north. First of all, feel from the first impression. First impressions are very very important!If your Song Dynasty friend looks honest, honest, simple and straightforward, then very good, give him a star under the Beiren card.Conversely, if your friend seems to be smarter and cunning, has strong curiosity and aggressiveness, but is more frivolous in dealing with things, and even has a little scheming, then please give him a star under the Nanren card . Well, I know what you want to say, prejudice is harmful!Indeed, this matter cannot be generalized, but please note that this prejudice has almost become a public opinion.Open "Song History·Geography" and see the simple evaluation of people from all walks of life in it, which faithfully reflects this prejudice.Okay, I know, reading history books is a very annoying thing, so let me give you an example, Han Qi, whom we are already familiar with, let’s see what Song people think of him! We already know that Han Qi is a northerner, a native of Xiangzhou, Hebei. People in the Song Dynasty commented on Han Qi as "a man of great virtue" and "a man of modest skill." That is to say, people at that time thought that the famous Song Dynasty The name of the minister is solid and trustworthy, but he also knows a little bit about power and tricks, and he likes to play tricks-of course, such an evaluation is not surprising. In Quanzhou, Fujian, at that time, people attributed his "heavyness" to the reason that he was from the north; and attributed his "small skill" to his "having the style of a Fujian scholar"! So, let’s face it, bias does exist. In the eyes of the people at that time, the most extreme representative of Beiren's loyalty was the people from Hedong, which is today's Shanxi.Because Hedong Road was definitely relatively low in the national GDP ranking in the Song Dynasty, and it was probably stronger than the two least developed regions of Guizhou and Guangxi.However, the concept of loyalty and righteousness of the people in Hedong is very strong. Not only do they starve to death and do not become thieves, but when the country is in crisis, many people in Hedong understand the righteousness and sacrifice themselves to serve the country. Going completely against its original intention, there were Baojia riots in many places, and only Hedong Road was safe and sound. Next, we will talk about the folk customs and legal awareness of the Beiren. If we connect these two points, we can know the people of Hedong How commendable it is. So where is the representative of the southerners' wisdom and cunning?By the way, Fujian Road! In "New Song Dynasty", the most frequently heard curse words are the words "Fujianzi".Han Qi knew how to be clever, and he was also said to have "the style of Fujian scholars". When Sima Guang was dissatisfied with Wang Anshi, he also said that he was "like Fuzhou in mind". However, as a representative of the south, Fujian Road is more representative than East Road.East Road is the poorest and least developed road among the roads in the north, while Fujian Road in the south was a representative of the advanced at that time.At that time, the roads in the south can be roughly divided in this way. Jiangdong, Jiangxi, and Lianghuai are areas that are relatively stable in all aspects, while Fujian Road, in the Northern Song and Central Dynasties, was a veritable outbreak area—somewhat similar to 18 After the middle of the century, in Hunan, where there were hardly any talents before, suddenly there was a concentration of talents.Fujian Road was like this in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. There were many scholars, champions, and famous ministers.There are many reasons for this history. A Yue believes that the most fundamental reason lies in education, because from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Fujian was fortunate to have a famous educator. When Shenzong was in power, the literacy rate of the people on Fujian Road , occupy a leading position in the country.In the era of Shenzong, Liangzhe Road was still an area with underdeveloped education, and its era began from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.As for the two lakes and two provinces, in the south at that time, Hubei was in an era of inexplicable decline, while Hunan and Guangdong could only be regarded as budding, and the era that truly belonged to them would have to wait a thousand years later. Therefore, we can understand why Fujian people have to bear so much prejudice.The northerners who have held the highest power center for a long time suddenly found themselves surrounded by Fujianese within a few decades. It is understandable that there is a bit of regional discrimination.In fact, this kind of regional discrimination does not only exist among northerners.At that time, Sichuan and Fujian had a similar atmosphere, and northerners believed that "Fujian and Sichuan share the same style", and Shu people and Fujian people had similar perceptions, but Shu people also thought it was an insult.In fact, at that time, northerners were kind to Fujianese and Sichuanese. Apart from hating them, they also had a kind of psychological fear.Not to mention anything else, if people from these two places play tricks on others, it is enough for honest and honest northerners to bear. In addition to using loyalty and cunning to get your first impression, we can also use some auxiliary methods, such as northerners are more brave and aggressive, while southerners are relatively weak and cowardly.However, this standard is quite unreliable.Indeed, generally speaking, northerners are physically stronger, and because of the border defense of the Song Dynasty, they are relatively familiar with wars, but the Hebei Forbidden Army is a nest, and even the Hedong Forbidden Army is also known as being invincible. These are also historical facts.On the contrary, there are many famous Confucian generals in the south.However, the military center of gravity in the Song Dynasty was very unbalanced between the north and the south, which is also an objective fact. Therefore, the number of soldiers in the south was less than that in the north, which was also a temporary historical phenomenon. The second way to distinguish the southerners from the northerners more effectively is to observe whether your friends from the Song Dynasty are more industrious and thrifty, or more hedonistic.Of course, it must be stated that this approach does not apply to most wealthy people.The rich live a life of luxury, which is a duty of life; while the rich live a frugal life, it is a habit of life.No matter how you change the customs and tell the majority of the rich to live frugally, that can only be a naive act.The way to face reality is to impose a very high luxury tax.Similarly, this method cannot be used for very poor people. When a person is poor to a certain extent, even if he has the awareness of hedonism, there is no way to achieve it. So, this method can only be applied to your friends who are ordinary people.If he happens to be neither too poor nor too rich.That's right, if he is industrious and frugal, please add another star to the northerner's card; and if he is serious about hedonism, then please add another star to the southerner's card. This time, the extreme representative of Beiren is still the industrious and brave Hedong people. Please forgive my "regional prejudice". It seems that the frugality of Shanxi people has a long history.The people of Hedong in the Song Dynasty not only had a reputation for hard work and frugality in their hometown of Hedong Road, but even after they immigrated to other places and became rich, they still did not abandon this fine tradition.If your Song Dynasty friend lives in a prefecture or county near Bianjing, his house seems to be only sheltered from wind and rain, and his basic necessities of life are sufficient.So, don't jump to judgment, don't think that his family is really struggling.Because, if he was an immigrant from Hedong, nine out of ten his family had a lot of savings. Compared with East Road, which has won the two championships in the north, the title of the advanced area of ​​hedonism in the south will be awarded to Liangzhe Road and Chengdu Fu Road this time. The various performances of Liangzhe Road in food and housing have been introduced in the previous article, so I won’t say more here.Another manifestation of hedonism is the love of traveling in mountains and rivers.On Liangzhe Road, people attach great importance to the quality of life. Even if the family is poor, even if they pawn some things, they still have to take their wives and children out for fun from time to time.In Chengdu Mansion, there is a poem by Dongpo: "The food and clothing of the Shu people are often hard, and the Shu people don't know how to return to their entertainment." And the third and most effective way to distinguish Southerners from Northerners is to pay attention to their awareness of etiquette. What is etiquette?Ritual is etiquette, and law is law. Let’s talk about the law first. If you find that your friends from the Song Dynasty are familiar with the law, and when they encounter disputes, they just file a lawsuit and go to the Yamen. Even if they are illiterate, they still like to solve problems through legal means. Is a southerner.If his education level is not very high, he is only literate, and he has never been a government servant, but he loves all legal lectures for free, and his proficiency in the law makes the person sitting at the top of the yamen sweat , Then, please further narrow your scope, yes, your friend is from Jiangxi, the hometown of Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi! Conversely, if your friend is keen on family mediation, and if the mediation fails, you would rather use violent means to solve the problem than go to the Yamen, even if you have read a lot of books, but you still have a little understanding of the law, then the same, 80% chance, your friend is from the north. Those who are familiar with Chinese legal history should know that the Song Dynasty was a critical transition period in Chinese legal history, and one of the symbolic events was the emergence of professional lawyers and groups of lawyers.And this event probably first appeared in Jiangxi in the Northern Song Dynasty.The southern part of the Northern Song Dynasty also occupies an important position in the history of Chinese civil litigation, because during this period, in this space, an unprecedented number of civil lawsuits suddenly appeared.We now know that these events were far-reaching, but unfortunately the transformation was never complete. Of course, these have nothing to do with our topic. We are just using various methods to distinguish whether your Song Dynasty friends are from the south or from the north. So, let's continue to talk about etiquette. Please observe your friend carefully. If your friend respects the etiquette system very much and every action conforms to the requirements of the etiquette system, then please believe me, even if he is not a native of the north, he must have spent his life in the north most important period.Conversely, if what he does is always a little bit out of etiquette, then another star can be added to the list of southerners. We modern people are a bit unfamiliar with the ritual system, so let's talk about some specific examples. For example, you can observe his attitude towards marriage and sexual relations.Some areas in the south will be more casual about this.Of course, this is the privacy of others. We can also change the angle and see if the bride shows her face when she gets married.Northerners will never show their faces.In addition, when there is a funeral at home, or even a national funeral, the southerners will invite a band to play and play—this custom is still the same today, and this is where Ayue has been most confused about the customs of his hometown since he was a child. It seems that this is also quite historical. However, weddings and funerals are not so easy to come across.Then change another point of view to see whether your friends from the Song Dynasty live in the same house for several generations, or whether they live in separate households.Generally speaking, northerners like to live in the same family for several generations, while southerners like to separate their families and live a small life.Also, pay attention, if your son and grandson dare to call your father and his grandfather by their names, or if his son-in-law comes, everyone will call him a "son-in-law"-please don't be surprised, your friend is not the emperor of the Song Dynasty, he Just a southerner. There is also a special point to be made here. Some scholars believe that it is a custom in the south for women to work outside, but Ah Yue disagrees with this point, because there are not a few women working in the streets and alleys of Kaifeng. In addition to these, you can also look at your friend's attitude towards money.In the south of the Song Dynasty, there was a strong sense of business. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there have been many thinkers advocating the legitimacy of business. smuggling business.We know that even the famous Su Shi and Bearded Su were once involved in a suspected smuggling case. Although there is no evidence, it is suspected that he was framed by his political opponents, but his political opponents made up such a crime for him, which is intriguing in itself. .Therefore, if your friend is a scholar but does not hide his love for Xining Chongbao, then your friend is probably from the south. Due to space limitations, we can only briefly talk about the difference between the customs of the Song Dynasty and the North and the South. If you still can’t figure out whether your friend in the Song Dynasty is from the South or the North, Ayue can also tell you a simple way.Go and catch a crow or a magpie, and let it croak at your friend's door.If your friend is happy when he hears crows but hates magpies, he is from the north; otherwise, he is from the south.What?You can't climb trees?Amitabha, then, use the trick—just ask your friends from the Song Dynasty! The first article of our "Customs and Customs" is different from the north to the south. After a quick look at the flowers, I will conclude here for the time being.Friends who are interested in learning more about the differences between the North and the South in the Song Dynasty can read Mr. Cheng Minsheng's "Regional Cultures of the Song Dynasty", which is a very good academic work. Refer to the conclusion of this book, so I specifically mention it here, one is not to dare to plunder the beauty of others, and the other is to express my gratitude. Please also continue to look forward to the second part of "Customs and Customs". (Yan Yunjuan · 2nd End)