Chapter 70 goodbye cao cao

Let me talk about Zhang Lu first. This person is a legendary figure. His grandfather Zhang Ling was originally from Chenliu in the north, and was also a scholar. In the name of "Teacher", he subdued demons and saved the world, so he opened an altar to preach in Yizhou. The believers must first offer five buckets of rice, so it is also called "Five buckets of rice". After Zhang Ling passed away, his son Zhang Heng inherited the title of Heavenly Master, Zhang Heng was then taken over by Zhang Lu, and his Taoist friend Zhang Xiu set off the Yizhou Five Dou Rice Rebellion. He marched down to Hanzhong, making Hanzhong Nanzheng a new ashram for Wudoumi Dao.

Zhang Lu's widowed mother is said to be a Taoist nun with strong magic power and good looks, so that Liu Yan often "visited" the Zhang family with excuses, which caused rumors to fly everywhere.But even if the two families are so "good friends", the next generation - Zhang Lu and Liu Zhang are completely out of temper.As soon as Liu Yan died, Zhang Lu declared independence in Hanzhong, and Liu Zhang unceremoniously wiped out Zhang Lu's mother and clansmen, and the enmity between Bashu and Hanzhong was forged. What Zhang Lu promoted in Hanzhong was the idea of ​​governing the country with the unity of politics and religion.He regards Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching as a classic, and he does not call himself a king but only a "teacher".

He ordered a total prohibition on alcohol, and prohibition of killing in spring and summer. Offenders can be pardoned three times first, and the lighter ones can "do volunteer work" instead of punishment.He also set up social welfare measures such as righteous warehouses and righteous rice meat. If someone dares to take it rashly, he will draw a circle and curse him (threatening that he will suffer from disease). Zhang Lu's simple and superstitious system was quickly accepted by the residents, and the stable Hanzhong Plain continued to attract refugees, making Zhang Lu more and more powerful and stronger.The central government of the empire was unable to control it, so it had to give him the title of prefect of Hanning as a curse to restrain his behavior.

Cao Cao accidentally said "I want to fight Zhang Lu" in the 16th year of Jian'an, which caused the entire Guanzhong and Xiliang warlords to erupt as a whole. It took Cao Cao four full years to clear the western border of the empire.It wasn't until March of the 20th year of Jian'an (AD 215) that Zhang Lu waited until all the flowers withered, and then Cao Cao brought Xia Houyuan, Zhang He, Zhu Ling and others to Chencang and officially declared war on Wudoumi Daoguo. In July of the same year, Zhang Lu was defeated and lost major towns such as Yangping and Nanzheng. He retreated into the Daba Mountains and fought a guerrilla with Cao Cao.

For Liu Bei, Sun Quan is a competitor, and Cao Cao is an enemy. Losing the three counties of Jingnan is great to be defeated by the opponent without hurting the waist, but if you lose Hanzhong and Berkshire, it is tantamount to being cut by the enemy. At this juncture, Liu Bei weighed the pros and cons and decided to take Bashu as the first.He immediately sent an envoy to Lukou to inform Sun Quan that he was willing to negotiate peace. When Sun Quan saw Liu Bei's initiative to seek peace, he immediately recalled the crocodile Lu Meng, released the "peace donkey" Zhuge Jin, and went to the public security to be responsible for the specific matters of the negotiation.

Many commentators in modern times believe that, considering the situation at that time, Sun Quan should refuse the peace talks, and would not be too happy to attack Liu Bei head to tail with Cao Cao and swallow Jingzhou by himself.However, the author has another view: Sun and Liu peace talks are inevitable.In all fairness, Sun Quan must have been worried that Cao Cao would win Bashu. Once he succeeds, Liu Bei will perish. Then the world will be divided into two. Cao Cao's next goal is himself, and he is not fully sure to eat Cao Cao, so the best way is to maintain status quo.He fought on a single line in the east, and Liu Bei took on more military pressure from the north for him in the west.

Now that Liu Bei is willing to make concessions, Sun Quan has an explanation internally, so he offered quite favorable peace conditions: Jiangdong only needs Changsha and Guiyang counties, return Lingling, and release Lingling prefect Hao Pu. Liu Bei agreed to this condition, and the two sides re-signed a treaty of peaceful coexistence, with the Xiangshui River as the boundary. Liu Bei. For Liu Bei, although he lost Changsha, a big granary in the south of the Yangtze River, at least he stabilized the base camp of Nanjun, and taking back Lingling was also an acceptable result. After that, Liu Bei still used Guan Yu as the governor of Jingzhou's military affairs, and asked his brother-in-law Mi Fang to serve as the prefect of Nanjun to guard Jiangling, and the generals guarded the public security. More troublesome Cao Cao.

From the perspective of subsequent development, this "surprise attack on the three counties" incident is actually quite serious, which means that the small Jianye court has not forgotten the dream of "according to the extreme of the Yangtze River".Although only two counties were captured this time, it does not mean that Jiangdong will not take the opportunity to attack again when Jingzhou's defenses weaken in the future. However, Liu Bei may have been fooled by Zhuge Jin's long face that always wore a kind smile. In his mind, the bad debt between him and Jiangdong's Jingzhou has been settled. From now on, there is only one enemy for them, and that is the North Cao Cao.

Unfortunately, this is a wrong idea, and it is very wrong. This is a later story, and I will show it later. However, Liu Bei returned to Chengdu around August to September. As soon as he sat down, he hurriedly recruited his staff to discuss Cao Cao's occupation of Hanzhong and the invasion of Sanba. At this time, it was not Zhuge Liang, let alone Fa Zheng , Liu Ba, but Huang Quan, a native of Langzhong, Ba County. Huang Quan told Liu Bei solemnly: "If Hanzhong is lost, Sanba will lose its strength, which is equivalent to losing the arm of Shu, and we must fight." Liu Bei agreed with Huang Quan's view. He quickly named the Berkshire man as the guard and asked him to lead the generals, including the new Brazilian prefect Zhang Fei, to go north to meet Zhang Lu in order to jointly fight against Cao.However, Liu Bei, who has read countless people, has gone wrong this time.

Zhang Lu was originally inclined to surrender to Cao Cao. When Cao Cao attacked Yangping Pass, he planned to surrender, but his brother Zhang Wei insisted on fighting.After the fall of Yangping, Zhang Lu wanted to surrender again, but Yan Pu persuaded him to hold on and strive for better negotiation conditions, so he temporarily retreated to the Daba mountain area.Now that Huang Quan came to persuade him to surrender, he just gave him a bargaining chip with Cao Cao. From September, the Banxun tribe in Berkshire raised the white flag to Cao Cao one after another. Cao Cao entrusted the leaders of the two tribes, Du Wei and Pu Hu, as prefects of Bazhong and Brazil.In November, Zhang Lu finally surrendered. The condition in exchange was to worship as Zhennan General, enfeoff Langzhong Hou, Shiyi Wanhu, Zhang Lu's five sons and Yan Pu were all enfeoffed as Marquis.

It should be said that Zhang Lu's treatment of "ten thousand households in the city" can be regarded as a sky-high price. Later, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty abdicated to be the Duke of Shanyang, and when Liu Chan surrendered to Wei to be the Duke of Anle, he was only able to eat ten thousand households in the city. Zhang Lu surrendered as a defeated general. Having received such a high standard of treatment, we have to admit that Yan Pu is really good at negotiating. In addition, Ma Chao's old subordinate Pound also surrendered with Zhang Lu. Cao Cao worshiped him as General Liyi. This man was quite loyal and brave, and was later beheaded by Guan Yu. Here are two digressions. First, the leaders of Banxun, such as Du Wei and Pu Hu, who were bestowed by Cao Cao, have a lot of background. Banxun, also known as "Ren", is an aboriginal of Badi.The biggest feature of Banxun people is that they are good at singing and dancing, and they are brave and good at fighting. Their "Bayu Dance" is a famous set of war dances.When Chu and Han were fighting, Banxun made great contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, so Liu Bang specially exempted the seven surnames of Luo, Pu (Pu), Du, E, Du (Du), Xi, and Gong from taxes, and surrendered to Cao Cao. Du Wei and Pu Hu are the leaders of the Du and Pu clans among the seven surnames. In addition, the Banxun people were a nation with a deep culture of the "Five Dou of Rice Road". Eighty years later, Li Te, a Banxun native, called for rebellion against Jin with the Five Dou of Rice Road, and his son Li Xiong established a country based on Banxun and the Five Dou of Rice Road: Cheng Han. Second, because Zhang Lu did not fight Cao Cao to the end, the Tianshi family was able to survive. "Tianshi Zhang" has become a noble title recognized by the governments of all dynasties, and has been passed down from generation to generation. Mr. Zhang Yuan, the 64th generation of Zhang Tianshi, died in Taiwan on October 17, 2008. The succession of the 65th generation was disputed. It seems that To this day, there is still no final decision. The book returns to its original story.It is said that Zhang Lu's surrender meant that Cao Cao completely occupied Hanzhong and extended his power into the Sanba area through the Banxun tribe.Here Huang Quan fully demonstrated his value as a local aborigine. Although the plan to "welcome Zhang Lu" was impossible to realize, he still successfully defeated the Banxun tribe, beheaded Du Yi and Pu Hu, and finally stabilized a little. The situation in Badi. But in any case, Cao Cao is entrenched in Hanzhong, just like a big gray wolf wandering outside Yangcun. You don't know what method, means, or when he will break in, and you don't know whether the walls of Yangcun are strong enough. At that time, Bashu was restless because of this, and there were small rebellions in many places, even as many as ten in one day, and Liu Bei had to keep suppressing them.But the more people he killed, the more uncertain he felt: it was less than a year since he entered Shu, and he might not be fully sure of resisting Cao Cao. However, unexpectedly, Cao Cao did not take advantage of the momentum of conquering Hanzhong to continue to advance south, but left Hanzhong strangely in December of the 20th year of Jian'an.His move finally gave the battered Liu Bei a chance to breathe.