Chapter 16 heartbroken word

On the night of last year's Yuan Dynasty, the lights of the flower market were as bright as day.When the moon reaches the tip of the willow, people make an appointment after dusk. On the night of the Yuan Dynasty this year, the moon and lights remain the same.I don't see the person from last year, and the sleeves of the spring shirt are wet with tears. —— "Sheng Zha Zi Yuan Xi" A woman waits for her crush to show up for an appointment during the Lantern Festival.He didn't come, and the flower market was still brightly lit, but the bright light made the woman feel disheartened.Thinking of this time last year, after dusk, when the moon was at the top of the willows, the two of them were already beautiful, watching the lanterns and admiring the moon together, but now they were alone, she couldn't help crying and wet the sleeves of her spring shirt.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the Shangyuan Lantern Festival has been the grandest and most humane festival among the people.On this day, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty would even go up to the city tower to let the common people see his holy face to show that he was close to the people.On this day, everyone from the emperor to the common people must do their best to have fun.Especially women, on this day, they can dress neatly, go out shopping in a legitimate manner, come back a little late, and play too much without being scolded.Because of the participation of women, the Lantern Festival has become the most poetic and romantic festival. How many love stories are staged at this time, and how many admiration between opposite sexes occurs at this time.In it, it is written that the concubines of the Ximen compound went out shopping together, attracting passers-by to watch and admire, making Pan Jinlian, a coquettish and dissolute, very proud. ——But this is a digression, so I quickly dragged it back and continued.

"Sheng Chazi Yuanxi" is a poem I like very much. I always thought it was written by Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, but after reading a book these two days, I found that it was written by Zhu Shuzhen in the Southern Song Dynasty. (This word is said to be written by Ouyang Xiu, but "Liu Yi Ci" is so mixed with other collections of words that it is not reliable. It is argued that this word was not written by Zhu Shuzhen, such as "Summary of Siku", which is based on the preservation of Shuzhen's "name" Festival", the mentality of a Taoist priest, what is the point!) And as an example, Shuzhen has another "Yuan Ye Poem", which can be read with this word——

Candles and silver flowers are eye-catching, exposing the sky and blowing the drums to fight the spring breeze. The new lover is in a hurry, and the old things are frighteningly recalled in the dream. I hope that I will be lingering for the time being, and I may as well be a long-term moon. Appreciate the lanterns and wait for time to get drunk. It may not be the same meeting next year. They all write about the boring Lantern Festival, and the feeling of being sad and frightened when thinking about the old things.Looking at it in this way, the sentimental and caring emotions of a poem and a word come down in one continuous line, and the emotions are connected.A careful reading of "Sheng Cha Zi·Yuan Xi" is indeed not like the handwriting of Liuyi Layman, but more like the heartbroken voice of Zhu Shuzhen.

Zhu Shuzhen, female poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, nicknamed Youqi Jushi, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).He was alive in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.The deeds are not found in official history.Born in an official family, it is said that he died of depression due to dissatisfaction in marriage.Can draw, understand rhythm, and can also write poems.The words are full of resentment and sentimentality. Tian Rucheng of the Ming Dynasty recorded in "West Lake Tour Records": Shuzhen was born in Qiantang, a young policeman Hui, good at reading, crafting poems, and romantic.In her early years, her parents were ignorant, and she married into a commoner's family.Shuzhen was depressed and frustrated, and died of anger.Parents returned with Buddhist teachings and their life works.Tang Zuo, king of Lin'an, wrote a biography for it.Wanling Wei Duanli compiled his poems, called Broken Heart Collection.

In fact, I know that Zhu Shuzhen is after Li Qingzhao.It is generally said that Zhu Shuzhen was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty after Li Qingzhao.As the suzerain of the Graceful School, Yi An inevitably made comparisons with others. Some compared him with men, and people said, "Men are Li Houzhu, and women are Li Yi'an"; Mrs. Wei compares.Long story short.It really complied with the saying, "People are afraid of being famous and pigs are afraid of being strong." However, Zhu Shuzhen's evaluation is really not low.Chen Tingzhuo said: "Zhu Shuzhen's poetry is not as good as Yi'an, but it is in the Tang and Five Dynasties, without loss of proportion." (Volume 2 of "Baiyuzhai Cihua") Wei Zhonggong said that Zhu Ci is "fresh and graceful, thoughtful and affectionate, and able to express what people want. , how can ordinary people reach it." ("Broken Heart Poetry Collection Preface")

You must know that she is not compared with an ordinary "talented woman", standing on the same level as her is Li Qingzhao, who is the most talented woman in thousands of years, and is elegant and elegant. The astonishment of this talent is not even something that Su Xiaoxiao, Yu Xuanji, Xue Tao and others can get by their looks. Zhu Shuzhen is very cute and charming.This is where she is absolutely different from Yi An.She wrote in "Qingpingle·Summer Lake Tour": "Jiaochi is not afraid of people guessing, and sleeps in the clothes. It is the best time to share, and when I come back, I can't help laughing at the dressing table."

Li Yi'an's youth is "the only way to be guessed by eye movement", so afraid, so shy and reserved.And she is so happy and lively, bold and unrestrained. One day, she went swimming in the West Lake with the boy she liked.The willows are yiyi, and the lotus is in full bloom.Suddenly it rained heavily, and the tourists scattered and left.She and he were stranded somewhere for shelter from the rain.This moment is once in a lifetime!She acted coquettishly, and took the opportunity to fall into his arms, ha ha. After reading "Broken Heart Ci", you will know that she had an unforgettable first love, which was joyful and sweet, and made people feel like a perfect match.She herself embroiders in her boudoir, and she stares at Chun Ri, probably thinking that this is an unshakable relationship.However, the red thread happened to be a bit short, tightly wound around the fingers, but couldn't help but loose things on the feet.

I have seen the beauty of hype before, so the later paper is full of sorrow and bleak, which is particularly shocking.After all, Zhu Shuzhen is not as good as Li Yi'an. Her family circumstances make her lyrics more resentful and sentimental, and her artistic conception and state are not as bright and open as Yi'an's. "Gambling books disappears like a splash of tea." Li Qingzhao was supported by Zhao Mingcheng's love, no matter how ups and downs she was, the background of her life was bright yellow and bright, and the enthusiasm in her heart was not extinguished; The husband is also an official, not a commoner.Marrying someone who is not what she loves, this sorrow is enough for a passionate and infatuated woman to complain for a lifetime.

Then the parting should be that time at the Lantern Festival, she asked him to have a final discussion.Because no matter how late, her parents would promise her to someone else, but he didn't come. "I don't see anyone from last year, my spring shirt sleeves are wet with tears." Finally and you - in love, separated.Whether you don't go around or go around, go around and go around, they are still lost. Let's look at what she wrote later: Fortunately, the wind is warm and the sun is warm, losing to Yingying Yanyan.The courtyard is full of falling flower curtains, and the heartbroken grass is far away.

—— "Yi Jinmen" The spring is as bright as blood, and I will fill the paper with my thoughts, and I will break my heart with sorrow.No matter how bright the weather is, it is impossible to restore the green mood of going out with you in the spring. Walk alone and sit alone, advocate alone and pay alone and lie alone.It hurts to stand still, helplessly touching people with coldness. —— "Magnolia Flower" In my daily life, the word "independence" is unavoidable.He doesn't love me, and I don't love him.I am ill in the cold spring, and in the illness, I still have no one to hug and rely on.Between you and me, we can hug each other to keep warm because of a little drizzle, but between us, the West Lake is dry and there are no waves. But it's hard to say, who is more ruthless? One can only be sure that whoever is more sober and who is more cruel. Zhu Shuzhen finally divorced.She is a rebellious woman, and she is still strong when she is old.She is too persistent, even if she can't be with the one she loves, she can't be with the one she doesn't love.I want to break free from the barriers of a loveless marriage, even if it ends up covered in thorns. Finally, she died gradually and depressed. Her parents thought that such a daughter was unvirtuous, and they did not allow her to be buried in the earth.A woman's lack of talent is virtue.Her parents believed that it was because of her knowledge that she was harmed, and that she could not be a decent woman with peace of mind, so they burned all her poems in a fit of anger. Song Dynasty is such a weak country, but the etiquette is so strict, more forbidding than military law, and the attitude towards women is far more brave than breaking up with the enemy, it is really sighing.Just imagine, if a man's mind is devoted to arranging a woman, then no matter how embarrassing he is, it will be a lesson he deserves. Later, someone cherished Shuzhen's talent and sorted out her poems. "Broken Heart Collection" is her collection of poems, and the collection of words is called "Broken Heart Ci". I suddenly remembered that the first time I knew the name "Broken Heart Collection" was in the CCTV version.That clever girl Xiang Ling, who is eager to learn how to chant, reads this book by a faint candlelight in the middle of the night.When Xia Jingui called her at night, she was startled, threw her poetry collection on the table, and rushed over to accept her order.The book left the owner's hand alone and turned it over.The candlelight is shining, and it can be clearly seen that it is "Broken Heart Collection".The candles in the room were red and tears kept dripping, wetting the word "heartbroken". Heartbroken blood and tears... I knew that Xiangling was going to die that night.But.The misery of her life was over.In fact, Zhu Shuzhen was the same. When her life fell asleep, the sorrow and pain in her blood gradually flowed away. A branch of red lotus returns to the South China Sea.Maybe it's not Cihang Purdue, a show of mercy. "Last year on the first night of the Yuan Dynasty, the lights of the flower market were like daytime. The moon came to the top of the willows, and people made an appointment after dusk." I can still clearly recall every minute and every second of the day of the lantern festival, and I closed my eyes to trace every bit, I parted with you softly, experienced heartbroken pain, and returned quietly. In fact, it has always been the person who walks with you under the moon, laughing and talking, and never let go of his fingers between life and death. In the next life, I hope that Zhu Shuzhen can be a happy and comfortable person, and return to the sweet and charming nature.In the light smoke and light rain of the West Lake, it blooms like a flower. The homeland is three thousand miles away, and the palace has been deep for twenty years. With a cry of He Manzi, tears fall in front of the king. ——Zhang Hu's "He Manzi" From Zhu Shuzhen's "Broken Heart Ci", I thought of "He Manzi" by Zhang Hu of the Tang Dynasty. "He Manzi", also known as "Broken Heart Ci", is a very famous heartbroken work in Tang poetry.It is estimated that there are 48,000 full Tang poems, but this has shrunk to 100, and this one will be selected. It is said that this poem was highly respected at that time.Minister Linghu Chu thought that this poem was a masterpiece through the ages, so he sent a letter to Li Huan, Emperor Muzong of the Tang Dynasty, along with Zhang Hu's poem.Originally, with the recommendation of celebrities and the appreciation of the emperor, Zhang Hu was likely to become famous with a poem and rise to the top.This kind of thing is said to be a myth in other dynasties, but "becoming an official with poetry" was so normal that it could no longer be normal in the Tang Dynasty.During Emperor Dezong's reign, Han Hong became famous all over the world with "flowers flying everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind blows the willows in the cold weather. Candles are passed on in the Han Palace at dusk, and light smoke is scattered into the homes of the five princes."Later, when Dezong lacked a secretary, Zhongshu Sheng provided two lists, but the emperor was not very interested.After repeated inquiries, the emperor hand-picked Han Hong.At that time, there was also a Jianghuai governor named Han Hong, who had the same name, and the prime minister asked which one he wanted, and the Holy Majesty replied: "'The spring city is full of flowers', that Han Hong." It's a pity that Zhang Hu didn't have the good luck of Han Hong, he was a bit sloppy, and met Yuan Zhen who didn't like him anyway.So his bright future was smashed to the ground by Yuan Zhen.Because of the disparity in status, Yuan Zhen didn't even give him a reason, and just bullied him so viciously. Speaking of this matter in detail, the fault was entirely on Yuan Zhen.Before Zhang Hu wrote "He Manzi", Yuan Zhen also wrote "Xinggong"—— There are few ancient palaces, and the palace flowers are lonely and red.The white-headed palace lady is here, sitting idle and talking about Xuanzong. The poem is very simple, but the aftertaste is endless: Those beautiful and graceful maids entered the palace with colorful longings when they were young, and they will sit in the deserted palace talking about the past forty years later. What will it be like? How do you feel? The beauties in the harem are like clouds, apart from their own beauty and wisdom, there is also a contest of political power behind them.It is impossible for an ordinary court lady to be favored all the time.Then sitting around talking about Xuanzong, there will be the following situations: If you are favored occasionally—maybe you will live in the sweet memories of those one or two times all your life, when you sit talking about Xuanzong, you may be talking about it with relish and self-indulgence; If she had never been favored, but at that time she could often see Longyan in person, and even said a few words from time to time—it was acceptable if she was more than inferior than inferior, and she could accept her fate; The court ladies never knew what the emperor was like all their lives, and they never knew what a man was all their lives. They sat around those court ladies who had something to talk about, or smiled bitterly, or echoed embarrassingly, or turned their heads away quietly, Tears wet the skirt. "The white-headed palace lady is here, sitting idle and talking about Xuanzong."——The rise and fall of the imperial court and personal fortunes are all in words. Zhang Hu's "He Manzi" is about a slightly younger court lady, which is less lonely and far-reaching than Yuan Zhen's "Xing Gong", but it is even more tragic.A girl entered the palace in her teens and lived a life without emotion for twenty years inside the palace walls. What kind of torture did she endure physically and psychologically? Thinking of Jia Yuanchun being a noble concubine, she couldn't help pouring out bitterness when she went home to visit her relatives—"Send me to that shameful place." An ordinary court lady, where is her hope and vision for the rest of her life? Her elegy and two lines of tears are beyond shocking.Zhang Hu's whole poem does not mention the subject of the characters, not even a modifier word, a few nouns put together, it produces an indescribable truth, and the meaning of this poem is simple and easy to memorize.As soon as this poem came out, it was sung all over the world, and everyone inside and outside the palace could not understand it, even Yuan Zhen was shocked; Zhang Hu's appearance made him feel a kind of perplexing threat. It is not uncommon to avoid talents, and it is not only in the Tang Dynasty that literati are dismissive. However, this incident involves two poets that everyone is familiar with, so it is necessary to talk about it.Objectively speaking, the two poems of Yuan Zhen and Zhang Hu have the same subject matter, they are both written about palace grievances, one is released and the other is closed. But Yuan Zhen didn't think so.At that time, Zhang Hu's poems caused a sensation in the government and the public, which may have really made him feel uncomfortable.Although it now seems that Yuan Zhen's position and weight at that time was not comparable to that of a commoner, and his masterpieces passed down to future generations were much more than Zhang Hu's.But there have always been people like this from ancient times to the present—high talents and narrow talents.The back waves of the Yangtze River pushed the front waves, and the front waves did not want to die on the beach, so Yuan Zhen chose to suppress Zhang Hu with all his strength. At that time, Yuan Zhen and Linghu Chu had factional disputes, and the grievances were deep.Therefore, when Linghu Chu recommended Zhang Hu, Yuan Zhen obstructed it.When Linghu Chu recommended Zhang Hu to Dezong, Yuan Zhen said to the emperor that his works were small and indecent.Yuan Zhen was a high-ranking official at that time, so he made such a hindrance that he ruined Zhang Hu's ladder to climb the clouds.The so-called "fire at the gate of the city will bring disaster to the fish in the pond", under such circumstances, Zhang Hu became a victim of crony disputes without knowing it.Later, if he wanted to enter the officialdom, he would not have such a good opportunity. At that time, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen's close buddy, was also in a high position, and he was always involved in such important tasks as presiding over the civil examination and admission of Jinshi.Under the joint resistance of Yuanbai forces, Zhang Hu was more depressed and repeatedly bumped into the wall, and his official career was sluggish all his life.It was not until a long time later that he met Du Mu who appreciated him very much and was called a confidant. Du Mu wrote a poem and praised: "The three thousand miles of the poor homeland. The virtual singing is full of six palaces." A commoner and the governor have a good relationship, which is also because of this song "He Manzi".In Zhang Hu's life, there was a taste of Xiao He's success and Xiao He's failure. The name "He Manzi" has become unusual in people's hearts because of the exaggeration in Zhang Hu's poems, like fallen leaves swirling and rippling, full of farewell and sadness.It is said that He Manzi was Tang Xuanzong's favorite singer. When she died, the coffin was so light that several people couldn't lift it. When Tang Xuanzong came to call He Manzi, the coffin was raised.Later, someone made music with a sad tone, so they named the song "He Manzi". But there is more than one theory about the origin of the title of the poem "He Manzi".Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, who have always been close friends and have the same views, had different opinions on this.Bai Letian's poem said: "It is said that Manzi is the name of a person, and the song was completed when he was sentenced. A song with four lyrics and eight folds, from the beginning is the sound of heartbreak." It is also noted at the bottom of the poem: "In Kaiyuan, there was a singer in Cangzhou He Manzi, please sing this song at the time of execution, in order to ask the emperor to pardon his capital crime, the emperor will inevitably." (Tang Xuanzong loved Liyuan art, and there was a death row prisoner offering a song to atone for his sins. ) And Yuan Zhen's "He Manzi Song" says: "He Manneng's singing voice is mellow, but it was rare in Tianbao's middle age. The infant was sentenced to prison, and the mourning tone was tuned down to sing resentment. The disciples of the Liyuan played Yuanzong, and sang the song Chengen and the Internet. He Man was used as the title of the song, and the Yufu personally wrote it to be compiled by the Yuefu." The note said: "It's too bad, the emperor must not have a hobby. The emperor of Ming Dynasty likes the rhythm, and the sinner wants to enter the song to redeem his death." What Yuan Zhen said was exactly the opposite of what Bai Juyi said.He said that a prisoner sang a song to atone for his crime, but in the end, a disciple of Liyuan actually played it to the emperor, and this person was pardoned.It can be seen from this that an emperor should not have too obvious hobbies, otherwise some people will be opportunistic and take advantage of the opportunity.Yuan Zhen's statement is obviously more persuasive. I don't think Li Longji is so confused as to forgive people with just one song.Maybe this person sang about his grievances before he was executed. Some people saw that this person sang beautifully and sang sadly, and replayed it to the emperor.Li Longji moved his pity for talent and ordered the ministers to retry the case.Because of the emperor's attention, the ministers carefully reviewed the case, and finally returned the man's innocence, which is still possible. However, there is no doubt that Zhang Hu's "He Manzi" is a mourning for a woman in the deep palace.This person was Meng Cairen during Tang Wuzong's time, and this matter was written by Zhang Hu in the preface of "Meng Cairen Sigh". Its preface says: "Wu Zong is very serious, Meng Cairen, who is favored by singing and sheng, is a secret attendant. The upper eye said: "I should be honest, what should I do. Pointing to the sheng bag and weeping, he said: "Please hang yourself with this." I am sorry. Then I said: "I have tasted the art song, and I would like to sing a song to vent my anger. "Xu Zhi, it was He Manzi who sang a song. He was so angry that he died immediately.The doctor waited for him and said: "The pulse is still warm, but the intestines have been cut off." Human. 'Order his relatives to come, but to lift. " It is said that during Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a talented man named Meng who was favored by the emperor because of his excellent singing skills. manage?" Meng Cairen held the sheng bag and cried: "I would like to hang myself with this, and accompany your majesty in Jiuquan." Wu Zong acquiesced.In the long silence, Meng Cairen gradually stopped crying, and told Wu Zong who was sleeping in front of her that the concubine was good at singing and would like to sing another song for His Majesty to express the sorrow in the concubine's heart.Wu Zong looked at his favorite concubine and found that she had become very calm, and he couldn't help feeling more guilty in his heart.He nodded and let her sing. When Meng Cairen sang "He Manzi", a kind of sadness and powerlessness spread from her voice.The emperor, who was seriously ill, was full of discomfort. He was about to stop, but the singing stopped.Meng Cairen's throat was cut like a skylark flying and singing.The skylark fell from the sky, and Meng Cairen also fell in front of the emperor. Wu Zong urgently ordered the imperial physician to treat him.The imperial doctor said: "Although the body is still warm, the liver and intestines have been cut off every inch, and it is impossible to save him!" Soon Wu Zong also died.When Meng Cairen's coffin was moved, it was very heavy, unlike a woman's coffin.Everyone talked about it, and Meng Cairen's family was called later, and the coffin could be moved. When I saw this legend, I was very sad.Meng Cairen's sad face will clearly appear in my mind.Not only for Meng Cairen's deep palace years, but also for the cruelty of martyrdom.As long as the power is in hand, such inhumane methods can be used to possess or punish those whom one loves or hates. Empress Wu Zetian escaped into the nunnery and returned to the Daming Palace in the future to take charge of the throne.But more are palace people like Meng Cairen.Perhaps Meng Cairen was lucky.She was talented and beautiful, and after singing "He Manzi", she died of a broken heart, and her death was more prominent, which made a conscientious literati like Zhang Hu feel sorry for her, and lamented for her.Zhang Hu wrote "Meng Cairen Lament"—— Occasionally because of the singing style, it is said that the twelve springs in the palace are sung. But because of He Manzi, he must pay homage to Meng Cairen when he goes down to the spring. Then he wrote the palace poem "He Manzi": "The homeland is three thousand miles away, and the palace has been in the palace for twenty years. With a sound of He Manzi, tears fall in front of the king." So what if someone feels sorry for it?Women who have been miserable for thousands of years are not uncommon, and their fate has not changed completely. Whatever age they are born in, they have to bear what kind of fate.Neither He Manzi nor Zhu Shuzhen could escape. Speaking of Zhu Shuzhen's "Broken Heart Ci" at the beginning, it is indeed a collection of poetry that makes people feel sad after reading it. It is very suitable for those who want to toss themselves into melancholy. "Broken Heart Ci" has a strong personal consciousness, while "He Manzi" breaks through the tragedy that has shrouded Chinese women for thousands of years, and sings their mournful voice. It’s hard to describe this realm with sadness, that kind of emotion is closer to the unspeakable sadness that comes over us when we stand on the wilderness after the wildfire. The same broken heart, but two hearts.Zhu Shuzhen felt sorry for herself.Sincerely, when you touch the same emotion, you will be as sad as her; what Zhang Hu pities are the palace people imprisoned by red walls and yellow tiles, this kind of sadness is like the rustling trees in autumn, falling to the sky, It has a broad and far-reaching artistic conception, just like when a person harbors the compassion of Shakya Dashi, he understands that compassion is everywhere.