Chapter 28 Qin opera
Different mountains and rivers lead to differences in customs, and differences in customs lead to differences in dramas; people all over the world have different appearances, and dramas have different tunes; Beijing, Henan, Jin, Yue, Huangmei, Erhuang, Sichuan Gaoqiang, dozens of categories; or ask: The one with the longest history, the most serious in civil and military affairs, and the most threatening right and wrong?Said: Qin opera also.Just as its strengths and weaknesses stand out, its style can be seen. When dealing with Qin opera, those who love it will love it to death, and those who hate it will hate it to death.Outsiders—especially those who are proud of their beauty in the Yangtze River Valley—are most afraid of the shock of Qin Opera; the comment is mildly: the singing is vigorous; the straightforward is: shouting.Therefore, there are weak women who often plug their ears with velvet under the stage, or teach someone on weekdays: "If you don't do anything, I will let you watch Qin Opera tonight! Qin Opera has become synonymous with punishment."Therefore, other types of operas can move around in different provinces, but Qin Opera is like the people of Qin, who never leave their nests; the serious local concept also makes them unable to leave their nests: some markets that may still change their tunes in several places in the northwest, but they are absolutely rushing. Not to mention Tongguan, which goes southeast.
However, for hundreds of years, Qin opera has not been eliminated, but it has been sunk, which makes many people confused and puzzled.The answer is yes, and it is in the land of Shaanxi.If you are a southerner, drive northward in a rumbling car, cross the Yellow River, and enter the west bank. The land of Qinchuan, eight hundred miles away, turns out to be: a yellow-brown plain; The earthen houses with rafters and walls more than one foot wide are bulky and solemn; the poplars, neems, and purple locusts soaring into the sky, with branches as thick as barrels, but leaves as small as copper coins, turn upside down in the wind...you will understand immediately Now: the geographical structure here is actually the same as the melody of Qin opera! Let’s get in touch with Qin people again, a group of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang come back: tall, thick eyebrows, eyes slightly far apart, hands and feet The same size, the upper body is slightly longer than the lower body.When they carried heavy triangular-shaped plowshares on their backs, drove Qinchuan bulls that were as lumpy as mountain bags, and carried Yaozhou porcelain bowls the size of their heads, they squatted on standing stone rollers and ate beef jerky. Mo, you can’t help but change your world view again: ah, what an empty and solid land this is, and how “stunned” people are digging and rolling in this land! In the evening when the sunset glowed, The setting sun is on the horizon, a painful pregnancy that will never go away, a village in five miles, a town in ten miles, the Qin opera broadcasted by the tweeters intertwined and collided, this Qin opera turned out to be the resonance of Qinchuan's sounds of nature, earth, and people ! At this point, don't you gradually feel the beauty and bonelessness of southern drama?Don't you have a deep understanding of why the formation and existence of Qin Opera occupy time and space?
Qinchuan is eight hundred miles away, bounded by Xi'an, Xianyang, Xingping, Wugong, Zhouzhi, Fengxiang, Changwu, Qishan, Baoji, and dozens of counties in two prefectures are Xifu; Sanyuan, Jingyang, Gaoling, Huxian, Heyang , Dali, Hancheng, Baishui, more than a dozen counties in a special area are Dongfu.Qin opera originated from Xifu.In Xifu, the people are honest and honest, they often speak in a falling tone, and they all pronounce their words heavily. The conversation is like a quarrel, and the mourning is full of sighs and sighs.Calling people from afar is even more special: the first part drags on for twelve minutes, and at the end Fang speaks out the content very quickly.The development of the rhyme has made people who can sing from afar have a talent for singing Qin Opera.The older generation can sing, the younger generation can sing, men can sing, women can sing; singing Qin Opera has become the most respectable thing for a person, and any man or woman in the countryside can only have the possibility of becoming famous if they sing Qin Opera. Those who are promising are those who are talented, which one has never been on stage, at least they can't shout a lot of bombs!
Peasants are the hardest people in the world, especially on this plain. When they were born, the grass fell on the loess kang, and when they died, they were buried under the loess pile; , already exhausted in the field, standing in the furrow and yelling a piece of Qin opera, the exhaustion in the heart, heart, joints and joints was completely washed away.Qin opera and them, like "Xifeng" liquor, long-line hot pepper, big-leaf cigarettes, and beef steamed buns, should become the five elements of life.If you talk to those older peasants, the great communist life they imagine is first of all these five elements.What they have is inexhaustible food, and what they lack is superb artistic enjoyment. They educate their children, not by those literary giants. When they were young, they were not grandma telling moving and charming fairy tales, but word by word. Teaching Qin opera.Most of them are illiterate, but they are surprisingly able to recite scripts one by one, although the words that often mean "Zheye" are very awkward to spit out from the bearded mouth.With Qin Opera, life will be more fun. If you are happy, you can sing "Allegro", as if you were exploded by high explosives, and you will smash your whole body and mind into the sky! When you are in pain, you can sing "Adagio", a heart-wrenching singing voice But it shows how affectionate and interesting the beauty is, the beauty gives others enjoyment, and the beauty also irons out the sad wrinkles in my heart.When they yelled and sang in the field during the harvest time, in the courtyard of the moon in Zhongtian, the unimaginable ecstasy, excitement, and majesty were different from those literati who devoted themselves to poetry, and those who had Compared with urbanites who have food and clothing but always feel empty, how small, limited and weak is the great eternal love that is often said!
I once walked around Xifu for two autumn and winter. Everywhere I went, there were troupes in every village, and everyone could sing a cappella.At dawn or dusk, one person goes to the field alone, looking at the mausoleums of thirteen dynasties emperors rising like hills under the sky from a distance, carefully identifying the soil on the ridge of the field, the section of grass in the grass Cutting off the incomplete characters on the stone stele in the Han and Tang Dynasties, a long erhu sound floated from the window on the tall earthen house, and a few majestic Qin opera challenged me, and I was stunned, and suddenly found a strong spirit in my heart Along with the muscle bumps on the arms.
Every night during the slack season, the village often hears the sound of gongs: the rehearsal of the opera troupe has begun.The actors all assembled and went to the ancient temple.Blowing, pulling, playing, playing, flipping, beating, reciting, singing, raising robes and sleeves, blowing and staring, the ancient temple has become an ancient and modern real music palace, a big pear garden in heaven and earth.The director is an actor of the older generation and enjoys absolute authority. The actors are a certain number of people. Husband and wife share the stage, father and son share the stage, and father-in-law and daughter-in-law share the stage.According to Qin Chuan's customs: father and son must have their own order, but father and grandson can be innocent, brother and sister-in-law can play and play impermanently, brother and sister-in-law can't talk too much if they have no business.However, once on the stage, everyone is equal in front of Qin Opera, the elder brother can worship his younger sister-in-law as handsome and general, and the son can tie his father with a rope.There are windows but no fans in the temple, and spider webs are formed on the roof beams. In summer, mosquitoes fly in and spin around in clusters on the head.In winter, the wind is blowing from all sides, and willow knots are erected in the middle of the fire. When they first appear on the scene, they look serious, but when they step closer to the fire, they warm their chests and cool their backs.There are audiences at any time of the rehearsal, there are old people holding two-foot-long pipes, and there are children with high stools and high tables lying on the window sills.Before a somersault in the temple turned over, there was a yell outside the window, and the actors came out and cursed: "Who said it's not good, get out!" The more courteous ones ran back and stole sweet potatoes and potatoes, cooked them in the fire for dinner for the actors, and earned a safe place in the house.The rooster crowed in the middle of the rehearsal, the moon was westward, the actors dispersed, and the children bent over and kicked around the fire, learning every move.
Once a play is scheduled, one person announces it, and the whole village is excited, looking forward to the performance date with their fingers.There are twelve months in a year, the Lantern Festival in the first month, the dragon raising its head in February, the third in March, the fourth in April, the Dragon Boat Festival in May 5th, the sun drying on June 6th, halfway through July, the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, and the ninth day in September. On October 1st, then there are five beans in the twelfth lunar month, Laba, twenty-three... There are festivals in every month, and there will be a meeting in March, and the play must be staged.The stage is the common cause of the whole village. They would rather eat less and wear less to raise funds, buy good wood and stone, and invite skilled craftsmen to build it.Whether the village is rich or not is as wide as this stage.As soon as the performance was performed, people were looking for stools to occupy their seats in the middle of the afternoon. Before the show started, there were crowds of people sitting and standing under the stage, and a group of urchins lying on the steps on both sides of the stage.The gongs and drums made a noise, as if the whole world was about to be turned upside down.All kinds of snacks took the opportunity to display, a horse lantern on a food stall, peanuts, melon seeds, candies, cigarettes, camellia oleifera, twisted twist, roast chicken, pancakes, and there were long and short ones for endless sales.The gongs and drums were still beating, but the curtain was not drawn, and the actors occasionally looked down from the edge of the curtain, and shouted from below: "Start the show, the venue is full!" Not stop.The audience was chaotic, the people behind called the people in the front to sit down, the people in the front called the people in the back why didn’t they say the people in the front stood up; the people outside the venue shouted the names of their relatives, friends and children, asking if there was a place to sit, and the people inside the venue responded sharply Come in quickly; someone who wants to eat pancakes asks an acquaintance to buy one, and the acquaintance buys it and stands outside the venue with a wave of his hand, throwing it away from the head with a "day" sound, just right for the target; the one on the left calls on the one on the right to step on his foot , the one on the right called the one on the left and squeezed his waist, and one said: "The year of the dog is almost over, what do you call it?"One said: "The year of the pig has not yet arrived, you have opened your mouth! Words hurt people, and you have moved your hands and feet; those outside took advantage of the opportunity to squeeze in from all sides, and the inside carried outwards, and the vortex of people surged up, like April. The wind blows in the wheat field, the roots don't move, and the head and body fall to the west and east for a while, shouting, cursing, and crying; Barefoot, messed up hair.The curtain was raised again, and the leader of the theater troupe stood up and shouted to maintain order; immediately a couple of so-called "second ganzi" characters jumped out.Most of these characters have simple minds and well-developed limbs, but they are 100% loyal to Qin opera. At this time, they take branches and beat people wherever they are crowded, like a fierce god.Everyone hates to scold these people, and everyone hopes to have these people, calling them Qin Opera gendarmes. The gendarmes are more loyal to their duties. Although they are not allowed to go to the theater all night, everyone is satisfied for one night, and they are also satisfied for one night.
Finally, the gongs and drums on the stage stopped, the curtain opened, and the characters appeared on the stage.But regardless of men or women, they don’t face the audience when they come out, and they all hide their faces with their backs. The women will move back in small steps, as if floating on the water, and the audience will shout: "Look at that waist, that shoulder, the whole body is a man." Just shake the hat feathers, double shake for a while, shake alone for a while, while flying up and down, while not moving at all, the audience shouted: "No, no!" , The sound was like thunder, and it ran over people's heads, and the whole audience shivered, from head to toe, every fingertip, and every hair tip was numb.If it was "Saving Pei Sheng", then Hui Niang stood in the middle of the stage and squatted down. Slowly, slowly, Hui Niang squatted down, and the heads of the audience also dropped half a foot. Wait for Hui Niang to stand up , Slowly, slowly, Hui Niang stood up, and everyone's necks stretched.They don't like to watch raw plays, and they welcome familiar plays most. They know the accent and the tune, and if an actor sings well, they will shake their heads and sing along.To put it bluntly, watching Qin opera is not for the sake of novelty, they just want to have fun.
In such a place, such an environment, such an atmosphere, and facing such an audience, Qin Opera is the most capable. The enjoyment of its art exists with the crowd and is obtained through strength.If it's winter, the wind is blowing like a knife; if it's summer, the human nest is as hot as a steamer, but as long as it's not heavy snow, hail, or heavy rain, the people in the audience will not leave the stage.The most valuable are those fans of the older generation of Qin opera. They don't have the strength to squeeze in the audience, and they don't have good eyesight to see the actors clearly. reward.A single challenge can make them fall into the palace of art. "After listening to Qin opera, the meat and wine will not taste good", they have the deepest experience.Those older and wilder children occupy all the high altitude around the theater, on poplar trees, willow trees, and pagoda trees, one branch per person.They are often happy to forget the danger, and when they clap their hands, they will fall from the branch of the tree. The fall will not hurt, because there are countless human heads under the tree, and it will only cause a scolding meal.There are even some crawling on the pile of wheat straw beside the field. In summer, the wind blows from all directions, so it is very cool. In winter, they lie down in a grass hole, retract their bodies, and show their heads. It is because the leisure class cannot enjoy Qin opera. I just fell asleep, and when I woke up, the moon was in the west, and the play was over, so I had to slip down quietly with a wry smile and go home and knock on the door.
Of course, a Qin opera performance is an actor's appearance, and it is also an examination room for actors to be commented by villagers.Every time a character appeared on the stage, the audience buzzed: Whose son is this, whose daughter is this, whose family's daughter-in-law, where is her mother's family?Ever since, who is promising and who is not capable, there is a conclusion at once.There are many people from other villages who come to propose marriage and matchmaking, and it is always at this time.It is said that a matchmaker lured a woman off stage to date an actor on the stage. He boasted in advance how handsome and capable the man was, but halfway through the play, the man hadn't appeared on the stage, and finally came out. He was a member of the Kuomintang. Before the puppet soldier reached the middle stage with a gun, the actor pretending to be the guerrilla captain waved his gun, and with a bang, the puppet soldier fell to the ground and died, crawling into the backstage.The woman snorted immediately and shut her mouth, a marriage came naturally.This is an example of joy within sorrow.It is said that there is another case where an old man put his grandson on his neck to go to a theater. The grandson clamored to go home, but the old man couldn't bear to leave at halftime, so he bought half a catty of peanuts at a high cost. He stared at the audience on the stage. , Peel the peanuts with the hands below, and then feed them one by one to the grandson’s mouth, but while feeding, one is stuffed into the grandson’s nostrils, unable to spit out, unable to swallow, mouth and nose bleed, and delivered overnight It cost seventy yuan to go to the hospital for surgery.However, there are countless things that make people happy with Qin Opera.In every village, there will always be an old man who goes to the theater at night and is the first to get up the next day.Under the stage there are stones, bricks, piles of melon seed skins, candy wrappers, and cigarette butts. When he lifts the stones and kicks the dust, he will inevitably find dimes or even three or four yuan coins, or a shoe. , or a handkerchief.This is a job done by tricksters in the village, and some greedy children take advantage of the locked doors at night to go to the field to pick melons to eat, or go to someone's yard to pack peaches and apricots in their vest pockets and return to share dividends.Naturally, there are those young boys and girls who are young and young, and they often look at each other in the chaos of the audience, or quietly withdraw, cuddling each other into the dark woods beside the canal...
Qin opera has a sacred and unshakable foundation in this land.Whenever you go to these villages to go to the countryside or visit these people’s homes, their highest-level reception is to accompany you to watch a performance of Qin opera. If it’s not a holiday, they will sing with the family for a while, and you can only nod your head. You can't laugh at it, and you can't even show a little disinterestedness.There are only two kinds of people they admire most in their lives: one is the national leader, and the other is the local famous actor of Qin Opera.That is, in any place where these famous actors are not present, as long as they find their parents, there is no need to queue up to buy oil at the store, and there will be seats in restaurants, even if they stop the car halfway, just shout: I am so-and-so What, the driver also has to stop abruptly.However, whoever wants to insult Qin opera, they will argue with you desperately, and even fight, so that you will always remember the lesson.Whenever there are red, white, and funeral events in the village, it is necessary to hire a Qin Opera. The Qin Opera is used to greet the birth, and the Qin Opera is used to mourn the funeral. It seems that the world of life is the stage of the Qin Opera. Once, clean, ugly, each shows its true nature, the evil exaggerates its ugliness, the good highlights its beauty, the good enables them to obtain a beautiful education, and the evil also turns the ugliness into a beautiful art.
In Qinchuan, which is vast and far away, there is only this opera, and it can only have this opera. The working peasants in Qinchuan in eight hundred miles have only and only this opera to make them happy, angry, sad and happy.Since ancient times, the Qin people have been the people of great suffering and great joy. Can their hometown symphony have anything other than the yelling Qin opera?
Grass in Wuwei Village on May 2, 1983