Chapter 2 A Noble and a Rogue

Xiang Yu finally defeated.He was defeated by Liu Bang. The winner is the prince and the loser is the bandit.The victorious Liu Bangren became the emperor like a dog, and the defeated Xiang Yu had no choice but to admit that he was unlucky. Not only could he no longer be the overlord, but he had to go to see the king of Hades. This is of course miserable, and also very useless. Speaking of which, failure was not so terrible in the first place. "Victory and defeat are commonplace in military affairs"!Besides, who has never died since ancient times?Death is not a pity, and defeat is not necessarily shameful.It's just that it's not in the hands of others, but in the hands of Liu Bang, which makes people wonder.

How could Xiang Yu lose to Liu Bang?Xiang Yu is a hero and Liu Bang is a rascal, Xiang Yu is a nobleman and Liu Bang is a rascal.Xiang Yu's background is very noble.His family was called the "Famous Family" at that time.In 209 BC (the first year of Qin II), Chen Sheng rebelled, and the world gathered to respond, and uprisings everywhere.Dongyang (now Tianchang County, Anhui Province) murdered the county magistrate and wanted to make Chen Ying king, but Chen Ying advocated going to the Xiang family.He said: "I follow the name of the family, and Qin will die." Chen Ying's daring to be king is mainly because he is timid and afraid of being a rafter.But he said that the Xiang family is a famous family with high prestige and strong appeal, but it is also true.In fact, Xiang Yu's family has a lot of background.According to historical records, Xiang was originally a feudal state with the surname Ji (sound Ji), a descendant of the Yellow Emperor in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and its land is now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province.During the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Xiang was destroyed by the state of Lu.Later, when the state of Chu destroyed Lu, the land of Xiang was enfeoffed to Xiang Yu's ancestors, so this family was named Xiang.Therefore, Xiang Yu's ancestral home is Xiangcheng, Henan, and he is from the same hometown as Yuan Shikai, a famous figure in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.

The Xiang family, enfeoffed in Xiangdi, have been generals of Chu State for generations.When it came to Xiang Yu's grandfather, Xiang Yan, his luck was not so good.In 224 BC, that is, the 23rd year of Qin Shihuang, Qin general Wang Jian (sound Jian) ​​broke through the state of Chu and captured the king of Chu. Xiang Yan had no choice but to become a general of the government in exile. He rebelled against Qin in Huainan, but was defeated and died.Xiang Yu himself was born in Xiaxiang, which is now Suqian County, Jiangsu Province.Later, he fled to Wuzhong with his uncle Xiang Liang, which is now Wu County, Jiangsu.Therefore, Xiang Yu is from Jiangsu again, and Liu Bang from Peixian County, Jiangsu is also considered a fellow.

Thinking about it, when Xiang Yu was young, he already lived the life of a dilapidated nobleman.But shabby is shabby, and aristocrats are still nobles.Therefore, Xiang Yu is well-known in the eight scriptures: Mingji, Ziyu, and Ziyu.This was also the general rule for noble children at that time: three months after the baby was born, the hair should be cut once on an auspicious day, and named by his father; when the boy was twenty years old, and the girl was fifteen years old, a crown ceremony or hairpin would be held ( Sound base) Li, the guests take the characters.Being famous means birth; having characters means becoming an adult.In addition, there are a series of rights and obligations, but only the children of the nobles have them, and the children of the common people do not.In addition, with words, there is a respectful title, which is not available to common people. (See Chapter 2 of my book.)

Xiang Yu is famous and famous, which means that he is a nobleman, and he has held a crown ceremony, so he should be respected by the society. Liu Bang's ancestor, the old Liu family, was not so prominent.Although Liu is also an ancient country with the surname of Ji (in today’s Yanshi County, Henan Province), the founding monarch is Liu Kanggong, the son of King Zhou Kuang, but he was extinct when King Zhending of Zhou Dynasty was established. The country has only been established for a hundred years, and Liu Bang’s family can’t compete with Liu Bang’s family. .Liu Bang's parents were neither important officials in the court nor virtuous figures in society, and they may not even have names. "Historical Records" says that Liu Bang's "father is Taigong, and mother is Liu Yu", which translates into modern Chinese as Uncle Liu and Aunt Liu.Of course uncle and aunt are not names, so it can be seen that they are "unknown people".

Liu Bang himself did not actually have a name.The history books say that he was "Xiao Zi Ji, who ascended the throne and changed his name to Bang", which shows that the name "Bang" was added after he made a fortune.As for "season", it is not a word, but a ranking.The ranking of the ancients was called Bo Zhong Shu Ji.Uncle is the eldest child, Zhong is the second child, uncle is the third child, and Ji is the fourth child.Liu Bang's eldest brother is named Bo, and the second brother is named Zhong. I have never heard of a third brother named Uncle Liu, so the so-called "Liu Ji" is just "Liu San" or "Liu Si", which is a bit "no three no" Four".Or simply "Liu Xiao", similar to "Wang Erxiao, the boy who herds cattle".

Liu Bang's birth is also very suspicious. According to "Historical Records", Aunt Liu once slept by the lake and met God in her dream.At that time, there were thunder and lightning, and the sky was dark.Uncle Liu ran over to have a look, and saw a dragon on his wife's body. After returning, he was pregnant and gave birth to Liu Bang.This is obviously a trick used by the founding emperors, the purpose is nothing more than to prove that their fate is tied to the sky, the monarchy is granted by God, and they are out-and-out "the true son of heaven".This kind of trick has been played long ago. For example, Xin swallowed coix and gave birth to Xia Yu, Jian Di swallowed swallow eggs and gave birth to Shang Qi, Jiang Yuan stepped in the footsteps of giants and gave birth to Zhou Qi (Ji), and so on. The pretense of "Ye He" is also a deification of the ancestors of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which I have deciphered in a book.If you are interested, you may wish to find it.

Since the sages have set an example, future generations may wish to follow suit. Anyway, no one will do empirical research foolishly.It's better not to brag, though.As soon as he blows it, his feet will be exposed. On the contrary, it makes people suspect that Aunt Liu, the youngest son, may be a "wild species". "Historical Records" said that Liu Bang had a peculiar appearance, "Long Zhun and Long Yan".Of course, this was originally to prove that Liu Bang was a "true dragon", but didn't it just prove that he didn't look like his father or brother?Like who?Only Uncle Liu knows this.Anyway, Uncle Liu must have seen something back then, but it is certain that what he saw was not a "dragon".Historical data prove that Uncle Liu didn't like his youngest son of unknown origin very much, and never regarded him as a "dragon species", but often called him a "rogue".If Uncle Liu really saw the dragon, it seems that he shouldn't have such an attitude.

Since Uncle Liu didn't take Liu Bang seriously as his son, he didn't take his education and restraint seriously.Except for calling him a "rogue" and not being as diligent as Liu Er, everything else is very laissez-faire.So Liu Bang has been lazy since he was a child, and he doesn't take the family's money as money. Even when the Taishi of this dynasty wrote his biography, he had to admit that he was "good at wine and sex" and "doesn't care about the family's production work."Around that time he was just hanging around all day, or eating, drinking, flirting with some equally dubious men and women in hotels, and was really a gangster.Later, he finally found an errand as the "Pavilion Chief of Surabaya".In the Qin system, ten miles are pavilions and ten pavilions are townships. The pavilion chief is half a grade higher than the village head and half a grade lower than the township head. He is a grassroots cadre equivalent to the head of a commune production team, and he is still on trial.This kind of errand can't be regarded as an official, it can only be regarded as an official, and it is a small official.Not much power, many things, few benefits, many troubles, generally decent people's children don't bother to do it, and honest peasants can't do it, it's most suitable for ruffians and gangsters like Liu Bang to do it.After Liu Bang became the head of the pavilion, apart from inventing a bamboo skin crown and wearing it on his head in a pretentious manner, he didn't have any official airs.Aunt Liu felt sorry for her little son, and often went to help him pay off his wine debts, and always doubled the money.So Liu Bang won the reputation of "Great Giving" in the countryside, and he was very popular.

This is somewhat similar to Xiang Yu.Neither Xiang Yu nor Liu Bang were obedient and well-behaved children when they were young, but probably Xiang Yu was a dude and Liu Bang was a hooligan. "Historical Records" said that Xiang Yu "learned books but failed, and went to learn swords, but also failed."Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Liang was a little annoyed, because the nobles attached great importance to the education of their children.Xiang Yu said, I have learned to write, but I can write down other people's names, what's the use?If you learn swordsmanship, you can only defeat one person, so it is not worth learning.If you want to learn, learn what can defeat thousands of people.Xiang Liang made sense after thinking about it, so he taught him the art of war.Xiang Yu was overjoyed.However, he did not study hard.After a little understanding of its meaning, he refused to go any further.So Xiang Yu didn't even finish learning the art of war.

Things are always like this in the world.If a person later becomes a character, his childhood advantages are certainly advantages, and even his shortcomings can be regarded as advantages.Liu Bang and Xiang Yu's dislike of reading and studying naturally became a manifestation of "high ambitions".Indeed, academic learning is just art, not Tao.Tao cannot be learned.No matter how knowledgeable a scholar is, he can only be a minister.No matter how little knowledge a Taoist has, he can be a king.Take Chen Sheng as an example, he doesn't have much knowledge, right?However, he has "great ambitions", and then he shouted the words "the princes and generals have a kindness".Which scholar in history shouted this sentence?No.People with more knowledge dare not rebel.Those who dare to rebel, even if they are a little literate, are at best "not the first scholar". "Liu Xiang didn't study before the ashes in Shandong were in chaos." This is not a bad thing to say. So Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, two ignorant guys, had the same idea as Chen Sheng.When Qin Shihuang visited Kuaiji Mountain, Xiang Liang took Xiang Yu to watch the fun.Unexpectedly, when Xiang Yu saw it, he blurted out: "He can be replaced!" Xiang Liang was so frightened that he quickly covered his mouth.Liu Bang went to Xianyang because he was on business for the government, and when he saw Qin Shihuang's ostentation, he sighed and said, "Oh, that's what a man should do!" Thinking about it now, people's minds were really "liberated" at that time, so they should be beheaded Dare to speak out.Of course, Xiang Yu blurted it out, and Liu Bang mostly muttered in private (this is also proof that Liu Bang is not as good as Xiang Yu's hero), but it is not easy to think about it.This is probably because before the centralized autocratic system was really established, people's thinking was relatively active.What's more, you have been fighting for many years at that time, and Qin Shihuang's country was also taken from others.So, the monk can touch it, but I can't touch it?You deserve to be the emperor, but I Liu Bang and Xiang Yu can't be?Obviously, there is only a question of whether or not it is worthy, not whether or not it is possible.That's why Kuai Tong dared to say to Liu Bang, who was already the emperor: At that time, there were many people who had sharpened their knives and wanted to make a living like His Majesty!Liu Bang just smiled when he heard this, because he knew what Kuai Tong was telling the truth. However, if we compare the words of Chen Sheng, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang together, we can still taste different flavors. "Princes and generals have a kindness", which is full of challenges.Moreover, the object of the challenge is not only the Qin Dynasty, but fate, so there is a spirit of not accepting fate and not believing in evil, and therefore the style is the highest among the three theories.So far, we have read the sentence "a strong man is as good as he is, and he will be famous when he dies", and we are still very revered in our hearts.In Jia Yi's words, it is admirable that a person who is "the son of the rope hub, the man of the gangster, and the migrator" can say such extraordinary words.Chen Sheng's failure was mainly because he was too uneducated, so he was completely at a loss in front of the sudden victory, thinking that he was really favored by fate, but he didn't know that the real and final victory was hard-won, so he only worked for six months. The king, with his head in a different place, was completely defeated. As the saying goes, "his prosperity is also vigorous, and his death is also sudden."But his fight against an unjust fate lit up the sky like a shooting star.Although short, it is also brilliant. Xiang Yu's words were full of heroism, and he said it crisply: "He can be replaced!" That tone was like picking something out of a pocket.In Xiang Yu's eyes, the "First Emperor" who unified the whole of China was nothing special, even worthy of being called "He", and he could be replaced casually.This is self-confidence and arrogance.Confidence makes him succeed, self-confidence makes him fail.It is not difficult to see that when Xiang Yu said this, he did not use his brain and did not care about the consequences.How can that guy (he) be "replaced"?What if it cannot be replaced?Never thought about it.All he thought about was to replace and be replaceable.This is Xiang Yu's cuteness and his sadness. Liu Bang's words are not so grand, some are just a rascal's salivation for the rich and powerful. "A man should be like this!" In other words, a capable person can live like this if he wants to.But so what?I had to forget about it.This is certainly not heroic at all, but it is true.It is precisely because of this reality that Liu Bang climbed to the throne of the emperor step by step from small to large, from weak to strong.From an aesthetic point of view, of course we appreciate Chen Sheng and Xiang Yu more, but from a practical point of view, we have to admit that Liu Bang is a winner. Indeed, Liu Bang is a pragmatist, while Xiang Yu is a man of temperament. Regarding Liu Bang's pragmatism, we will talk about it in detail later, but it is actually not difficult to see now.When Liu Bang said "a man should be like this", his purpose was very clear, that is, to live like a human being like Qin Shihuang.As for how to look like a person, it is not very clear.In fact, until he really became the emperor, he still didn't know what the emperor was and how to act.Prime Minister Xiao He built Weiyang Palace for him, erected Dongque, Beique, Qiandian, Arsenal, and Taicang. He lost his temper when he saw it, and said: "The world's Huns have fought hard for several years, and success or failure is unknown. He ruled the palace too much! "Even Xiao He explained that "the emperor takes the four seas as his home, and he is relieved when he is not magnificent but has no prestige."Another example is that when Liu Bang first won the world, he had a banquet with his officials, and he still had the same virtue as in the tavern in Pei County.Everyone was drinking too much, yelling and fighting when they were drunk, which was totally inappropriate.It wasn't until Shusun Tong formulated the etiquette and held a banquet in front of the emperor. From the princes and kings down, everyone was shocked and respectful, and saluted like a ritual. fun!It can be seen that it was not known before.He said that he wanted to live like Qin Shihuang, but he just meant to live a decent life. It was not too different from Ah Q's "dream of revolutionary success" when he slept in the Tugu Temple. He was envious of the glory and wealth. .The only difference is that the biggest world scene that Ah Q has seen is the ostentation of Mr. Zhao's money, while Liu Bang has seen the emperor's guard of honor, so Liu Bang's goal has to be set "higher". What Xiang Yu valued was not glory and wealth, but heroic achievements.In other words, what he values ​​more is not the result (so), but the process (replacement).He didn't want to replace it, nor did he think about what would happen after it was replaced, but he just wanted to replace it.Indeed, for a true hero, the battle itself is more desirable than the victory. "Ma Si's fist is fluffy, and the eagle is looking forward to Qingyun's sleepy eyes." Which hero is willing to spend his life doing nothing?Since there is something to do, do it!Don't care what you are doing, and don't care what will happen after you do it! This is exactly the way of thinking and behavior of a man of temperament. The best time to show Xiang Yu's character is when he was defeated in Gaixia.At this last moment of life and death, what is he thinking about?It is the beauty named Yu and the horse named Zou.This famous story of Farewell My Concubine is well known to everyone: the night was dark, surrounded by songs of embarrassment, huge candles were lit inside the king's tent, and bright torches were lit outside the tent.Our young hero drank the wine in his cup, stood up and sang a song generously: "Strengthen the mountain and the world is overwhelming! The time is not good, the time is not dying! The time is not dying, what is the time! What is the time, what is the time!" This last sentence is translated That is: Xiao Yu, Xiao Yu, what can I do with you!A commander-in-chief of the three armed forces who has experienced many battles, a world-shaking hero, what is sad at this moment is not his failure to succeed, what he regrets is not his failure, but the fact that his beloved horse and beauty cannot be arranged.He didn't think about how to turn defeat into victory, how to turn the crisis into safety, and how to break out of the encirclement and make a comeback. It can be seen that he didn't take the final victory seriously from the beginning. Since it doesn't matter whether you win or not, what matters is the battle itself.After leading 800 cavalry to break through the siege and lost their way in Yinling, Xiang Yu resolutely led his troops eastward, hoping to make a final showdown with the Han army.At that time, there were only twenty-eight riders left by his side.However, his fighting spirit was also extremely high.So Xiang Yu decided to play cool one last time.He said to the soldiers in his retinue, "It has been eight years since I started the army, and I have fought more than 70 battles. I have never been defeated before."This time, maybe the sky is going to kill me!Well, I'll hit him again for everyone's sake.We must make a gap in him, we must kill his generals, we must cut down his flag, to see if I can't fight, or if the sky wants to destroy me.After finishing speaking, with a loud roar, the Han soldiers were invincible, and the heads of the enemy generals fell to the ground one after another.Xiang Yu laughed.He turned his head and looked at the soldiers proudly and said: "How is it?" The subordinate soldiers fell to the ground together and said in unison: "As the king said." This is really childish!Everyone knows that the Battle of Gaixia was the last battle between Chu and Han, and it was also the key battle to determine the final outcome. It was an out-and-out "decisive battle".However, as the commander-in-chief, Xiang Yu didn't think of a decisive battle, but a quick battle.In his own words, it is "I will die today, and I am willing to fight for the kings."That is to say, fight a battle quickly, settle it quickly, and end it as soon as possible. Indeed, as Mr. Wang Boxiang said, quick battles are different from decisive battles.A decisive battle has the meaning of being indistinguishable, a decisive battle, that is, there is still the idea of ​​winning.The quick battle only seeks to have fun for a while, and it is just a show of bravery, regardless of the consequences.As the commander-in-chief, should he take the "decisive battle" or the "quick battle"?Of course it is the former.Because "victory and defeat are commonplace in military affairs."Things on the battlefield are changing rapidly, and no one can be sure of victory at the beginning of the battle, only after the fight.Therefore, even if the army is approaching the city, the enemy is strong and we are weak, and the danger is at stake, we should not easily give up the hope of victory.If this is the case, maybe he can really kill a bloody road.There is a saying in the art of war: "Put in a dead place to survive, and fall in a dead place to survive." According to this, the Chu army still has the possibility of turning defeat into victory.However, Xiang Yu didn't seem to want to fight anymore.Perhaps, after more than seventy battles, he was already tired.Perhaps, with more than seventy battles invincible, he felt that it was enough.Yes, he didn't take the throne of the world too seriously at first.He just wants to be able to live his life heroically and heroically, and he also wants to have a wonderful curtain call when he quits the battlefield and quits life, to be happy for the last time. That being the case, let him be happy! Liu Bang would not be so stupid. Contrary to Xiang Yu's invincible triumph all the way, Liu Bang has not been very smooth.Of course, Liu Bang is not without victories.He captured Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and Prince Ying of Qin surrendered to him.According to the original agreement, "the king who enters Xianyang first", Liu Bang should be the master of the world, at least the king of Guanzhong.But how?Or he had no choice but to hand over Xianyang, and let Xiang Yu burn, kill and loot, while he swallowed his anger and became the king of Hanzhong.Obviously, in that era when the jungle preys on the strong, only those with strength have the right to speak.Liu Bang's strength is not as good as Xiang Yu's, so although he has "morality" (entering Guanzhong first, destroying Qin and accepting surrender, three chapters of the agreement, and Qiu did not commit any crimes), he had to keep his mouth shut. Indeed, if one compares them one by one, Liu Bang is not as good as Xiang Yu in every way.Not only the family background is very different, but also the personal quality is not the same.Xiang Yu was "capable of carrying a tripod, and his talent is extraordinary", if he attacked the city, the city would be destroyed, and if he killed the enemy, the enemy would lose his courage.What will Liu Bang do?Will drink and prostitute.In the entire process of raising troops to destroy Qin and fighting between Chu and Han, he did not think up a single strategy, captured a city by himself, and directed a battle in person.His only ability is to ask Zhang Liang, Han Xin, and Chen Ping, "What can I do for it (what can I do)"?It can be said that compared with Xiang Yu, Liu Bang has no capital at all.No wonder Xiang Yu looked down on Liu Bang in his bones: This kind of thing is also worthy of competing with me for the world? Speaking of Liu Bang's becoming a leader, at least half of it was luck and fluke at the beginning.In the first year of the second generation, Chen Sheng revolted, and the world was shocked.Heroes from all over the country rushed to respond, "All the counties and counties killed their chiefs to respond to Chen She", and it became fashionable to seize the county and stand on its own, and Pei County, where Liu Bang was located, was no exception.However, after killing the county magistrate of Peixian County, who will be in charge has become a problem.According to status, qualifications, and popularity, it seems that Xiao He or Cao Shen should be established.Xiao He was the prison officer of Pei County, and Cao Shen was the chief official of Pei County, both of whom had certain social status and administrative ability.However, Xiao Cao and Xiao Cao are both civil servants, and they are more timid and fearful. They thought that if the leader of the rebellion could not be dealt with, it would be a crime of beheading and exterminating the family.In case of failure, we are at best a "coercion" and cannot be the "chief culprit".For this reason, Liu Bang became the Duke of Pei. This seemingly accidental event is actually inevitable.Mr. Sa Mengwu said that in Chinese history, there are no more than two kinds of people who seize the throne.One is the wealthy family, such as Yang Jian and Li Shimin.One is hooligans, such as Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang.Literati have no part.Literati neither dare to have this kind of heart, nor do they have the strength.Even if you participate in the rebellion, you can only climb the dragon and the phoenix, follow the ass of the rich or the rogue, be a military adviser, be a staff member, come up with some ideas, make some tricks, and you will definitely not be a leader.Therefore, the leaders of both Chu and Han can only be the wealthy Xiang Yu and the rogue Liu Bang, not Xiao He, Cao Can, nor Fan Zeng and Zhang Liang. Why can't literati be rebel emperors?Because of the rebellion and the struggle for status, to put it bluntly, it is a gamble, and you must have the courage to do so.This courage is also related to capital.Those with huge capital dare to bet, and those who have nothing dare to bet.The rich people dare to gamble because they have a lot of capital and can afford to lose.Hooligans dare to gamble because they have no capital and are not afraid of losing.Isn't it just failure and no good fruit to eat?I have never eaten good fruit.Fuck him, maybe you can get him two to eat, wouldn't you earn a ticket?It is written that Wu Yong instigated the rebellion of the three heroes of the Ruan family, and Ruan Xiaoqi said: "If you can use it for a day, you will open your eyes after death." Therefore, whenever there is such an opportunity, the rogue proletarians who really have nothing are like dry Just like firewood.why not goIf you don't go, you won't go. Literati may have to think twice.Literati are all smart people, and smart people have never been able to become a big climate.Smart people tend to think more and think more carefully when they encounter things.When he thinks about it all the time, maybe the opportunity will pass.Even if the opportunity does not pass, most of them will not do it.Because literati are also people with money.This capital is less than that of the rich, and more than that of the hooligans, no more, no less, which is very embarrassing.Most of them have little property, some have small families, gentle wives, and cowardly sons.After a while, maybe you can become a gentleman.No matter how bad it is, you can get enough food and clothing.If they want to gamble with such a small capital, they are reluctant and unable to give it up.So only a bachelor like Wu Yong would fall into the trap.The reason why Wu Yongdai "entered the sea" is because one of their capitals is knowledge.Knowledge and learning are necessary.No, it means no.How to use it?One is to sell it to the emperor and become a national teacher; the other is to sell it to robbers and become a military advisor.Of course, it is best to sell it to the emperor.If you can't sell it, you can sell it to robbers, and you can't sit idle anyway.What's more, "the winner is a prince and the loser is a bandit", the robbers in the past may also become emperors.If this is the case, isn't it the founding meritorious service?This is why there are always literati in the uprising army.In short, literati always want to be "official".In order to rule the world, you will serve in the court; in troubled times, you will serve in the field.It is impossible to provoke a rebellion. Hooligans don't think so much.Rogue has nothing but guts.And, because there is nothing, there is only guts.Think about it, they have no wealth and are not afraid of bankruptcy; they have no position and are not afraid of dismissal; they have no status and are not afraid of shame;Then what are they afraid of?fear death?joke!Who will not die?Isn't that death without a place to die?I could never have afforded a coffin.Isn't it ruined?I never had a name.Isn't it just a bad death, a thousand cuts?I'm sorry, I'm willing to cut myself into pieces and dare to pull the emperor off his horse.As long as we can pull the emperor off his horse, we will make money.Even if we can't pull it down, we can scare him, and our work is not in vain.Anyway, "I'm a hooligan, who am I afraid of"?Liu Xiao back then, and later Liu Bang, probably had this kind of mentality. However, if you think that Liu Bang is just a "silly and bold", you are very wrong. Although Liu Bang entered the stage hastily without much mental and theoretical preparation, he had a clear sense of the scene and a clear purpose as soon as he entered the stage. .However, the success mentioned here refers to "ultimate".Therefore, temporary failure is also allowed, but it is necessary to turn defeat into victory.Like Xiang Yu, who feels that victory is hopeless and gives up on himself, and only wants a beautiful appearance and curtain call to maintain his hero's dignity. Liu Bang will not do such a stupid thing. Therefore, for the final victory, Liu Bang did many things that Xiang Yu could not do, such as respecting the corporals, listening to loyal advice, correcting mistakes, restraining desires, and making three chapters after entering Qin Dynasty, without committing any crimes, etc.This made him popular.Not only won the hearts of the people in the world, but also won the hearts of the counselors and soldiers.In fact, Liu Bang's greatest strength is knowing people and making good use of them.After Liu Bang became emperor, he discussed with his ministers why Xiang Yu lost the world and why he won the world.Liu Bang said, "I am not as good as Zhang Liang in strategizing and winning thousands of miles away; I am not as good as Xiao He in controlling the country, caring for the people, supplying military supplies, and keeping food roads.With a crowd of millions, the battle must be won and the attack must be conquered. I am not as good as Han Xin.These three are the most outstanding talents in the world, but they can be used by me, so I won the world.Xiang Yu only has one Fan Zeng and he can't use it. Can he not fail? This is the truth.Xiang Yu is an "individual hero", but Liu Bang can use collective wisdom.So although Liu Bang can do nothing, he is omnipotent.What's more, Liu Bang is not without any ability.He still has at least three housekeeping skills that only rogues have: one is forbearance, the other is laziness, and the third is ruffian. In 206 BC, during the war between Chu and Han, Liu Bang's father, Uncle Liu, and his wife, Sister Lu, were taken captive.Xiang Yu set up a frying pan in front of the army, put Uncle Liu on the chopping board, and threatened Liu Bang that if he didn't surrender, I would put your father in the frying pan.Unexpectedly, Liu Bang actually said with a playful smile, we were two servants under King Huai and sworn brothers, so my father is your father.Since you guys plan to cook our dad today, don't forget to leave a bowl of broth for me.Seeing Liu Bang's hooliganism, Xiang Yu was furious and had no choice but to pull him down. In fact, although Liu Bang is ruthless and ruthless, he is not inhumane, nor ungrateful, nor is he so conscientious that he betrays his parents and wives.After Liu Bang became the emperor, he was still very respectful to his father and did not put on airs of the emperor.The original wife, Mrs. Lu, is still the queen, and she never divorced her just because she was a yellow-faced woman from the countryside, and married another young and beautiful girl, which is much more moral than some people who are busy changing wives as soon as they get married. .The reason why Liu Bang said that was because he saw one thing. If he can't win a battle, he will dig people's ancestral graves, kill the elders, or threaten the other party's family members as hostages.With Xiang Yu's nobility and arrogance, it is absolutely impossible to do it.As long as it is even possible, Xiang Yu will not do this.Therefore, Xiang Yu later proposed to fight Liu Bang, which was much more decent than putting the old man in a frying pan, and it was in line with Xiang Yu's character To be honest, Xiang Yu had no choice at the time.Peng Yue continued to rebel in Daliang, cutting off the food and grass of the Chu army, the backyard was on fire, and people's hearts were fluctuating. It was impossible to fight a protracted war, and it could only be settled quickly.Xiang Yu set up a cauldron in front of the army and threatened to kill Liu's father. His purpose was to arouse Liu Bang's anger so that he could fight quickly.Therefore, what he was fighting was a psychological battle, and he was already a bit of a scumbag and a bit of a scumbag. In fact, he already couldn't bear it in his heart.At this time, it is necessary to compare who is more ruffian, who is more cunning, who has thicker skin, who is more cruel and doesn't care.In this regard, Xiang Yu is naturally not Liu Bang's opponent.Therefore, I believe that when Liu Bang said those words, he must have had a grin on his face, and when Xiang Yu heard it, he must have been full of wimps.Xiang Yu is indeed very noble.This is the "fetal poison" he was born with as a nobleman.Xiang Yu is not without a bit of hooliganism.If there were none, there would be no rebellion.Liu Bang once reprimanded Xiang Yu's ten crimes face to face, all of which were treachery and revenge, such as killing the master, killing surrender, breach of contract, greed for money, etc., which are generally true.In fact, Xiang Yu has done a lot of immoral things.For example, Yin Tong, the prefect of Kuaiji, originally invited Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu to discuss the matter of rebelling against Qin, but under Xiang Liang's instigation, Xiang Yu killed Yin Tong who trusted them to be defenseless, and took Yin Tong's territory. It's not authentic, and it's more or less "black eating black".But with the rise of his status, the sense of nobility deep in his heart also rose.And the later he became, the more noble he became, and at the last moment of his life, he showed the incomparable nobility of his personality. Xiang Yu is also extremely arrogant.In his opinion, he is the only and incomparable hero in the world and a victorious general.He never believed that he could fail.If it really fails, it is only due to bad luck (the time is not good and the time is not dying), and there is nothing wrong with me.This is precisely the root cause of his inevitable failure.How can there be a person who never fails in the world, and how can there be a hero who can conquer the world!The real winners are always those who can constantly reflect on themselves, and they are always the ones who can unite people the most.Someone once spread gossip to Liu Bang, saying that Chen Ping was talented but not virtuous, and he stole his wife and received money.Seducing sister-in-law and accepting bribes are of course immoral.However, Liu Bang still gave Chen Ping a high degree of trust. As a result, Chen Ping helped him a lot at many critical moments.Xiang Yu obviously couldn't do this.Because he thinks he is a person who has no mistakes or shortcomings at all, and of course he can't tolerate mistakes made by others.Back then, Han Xin did not gain any trust under Xiang Yu's subordinates. The fundamental reason may be that Xiang Yu looked down on Han Xin from the bottom of his heart.Han Xin was indeed very poor.He even "has no choice but to choose to be an official", which is worse than Liu Bang who has been a pavilion chief, not to mention he has been humiliated under the crotch, which of course makes Xiang Yu look down on him.But Han Xin was talented, but Xiang Yu couldn't see it.It is precisely because of Xiang Yu's arrogance that many poor, humble but talented people went to Liu Bang, who "recruited traitors and hid filth".As a result, Liu Bang became a climate, and Xiang Yu became a "lonely man". In fact, this is the common problem of all noble people.Because of their nobility, they are often not tolerant of others, and they also boast that they have no room for sand in their eyes and dust in their chests.However, they don't know that the reason why the ocean is vast is that it can accommodate it. "The sea is tolerant to all rivers, and its tolerance is great." Is it pure mineral water that flows into the ocean?Naturally, mud and sand are mixed together, and fish and dragons are mixed.But it is precisely because of this mixing that the ocean is what it is.Xiang Yu didn't understand this truth, and his failure was a matter of course.