Chapter 17 Chapter 16 Logic Stripped from the Clay

On the first day of joining CCTV, Chen Ma asked me: "You come from Hunan Satellite TV, how do you think it is so popular now?" I was talking nonsense. Chen Ma pointed to the table: "What is this?" "……cigarette?" "I put it in front of a medical scientist, and I said please write me 3,000 words. He said yes, you wait, he must write the nicotine content, the tar of a few cigarettes can poison a small mouse , the incidence rate of lung cancer of smokers is how many times that of non-smokers. It is still this pack of cigarettes. I took it to a person engaged in art design, and I said, buddy, please write 3,000 words. Then buddy will write this for you The color of the design, write its national characteristics and its logo. I will tell an economist, and he will tell you that tobacco is a major taxpayer for the country. If you don’t smoke at all, it will affect where the economy will develop. "He Looking at me, "I'll give you the cigarette now, please write 3,000 words, and you will ask: 'What are you writing?'"

Later I learned that he often photographed that box of cigarettes as a prop to scare newcomers.However, his last words still torture me ten years later. "Do you have your own coordinate system for understanding things?" In the six years of news investigation, what I have done the most is land expropriation, various accents, various places, and various conflicts.Half of the program group's sack of letters per day is about land acquisition. In Tuling, Fujian, the demolition households did not agree to relocate, and the developer gathered people to rush into the house. The son of the head of the household was finally hacked to death and stabbed three times in the head—a young man who had just returned from demobilization. Childish, the beard has not grown much, and the cheeks are not even green.When I went there five months later, there were still dark brown bloody handprints on the door frame.

During the interview, the developer was already in prison. I showed him the photos of the deceased, but he said blankly, "I don't know him." I said, "He has the same name as you, Cai Huiyang." He looked surprised. "This is the man you killed." "Oh," he said, "I passed out, I don't remember." The deceased’s home was close to the highway. When we went there, there were black and white slogans on the roadside. The rain was blowing and the wind was blowing, and the ink was dripping down. Except for "Yuan", there were no other words that could be seen.

"I'm a victim too," said the developer. "You?" I looked at him coldly. "My money was given to the government a long time ago. I kept chasing after it. They promised that people in my village would move out. If I don't pay back the money, others will kill me," he said.The day before, people from the town government told me that the government had suspended the project because of petitions from the masses. I said to the developer: "Your project has been stopped, why do you ask people to move?" His eyes widened: "Stop?" "right."

"No one told me to stop?" He was anxious, "The masses have petitioned, and we can petition. Your government has not provided land for me since signing the agreement, and you have not refunded my money. Are you lying to me? ?” In an interview with the mayor, he said that the "demolition completed in two months" signed with the developer was just a "written expression" and the developer "should have known it well", so it stopped when it was said to stop. I asked the mayor, "Have you ever thought that your suspension may intensify the conflict between the developer and the relocated households?"

He said: "We have never asked the developer to contact the relocated households." "Have you ever thought about this situation, the conflict between the developer and the demolition households is like a powder keg, what will happen if a match is thrown in at this time?" He went around in circles and didn't answer directly: "The masses asked for a slowdown, so let's slow down." Over the past few years, I have become familiar with the questions I want to ask: "Have you posted a notice of demolition?" "Have you shown a resettlement compensation plan?" "Have you signed a compensation agreement?" "Have you negotiated with the villagers on how to compensate? ?”…

I'm also used to hearing answers in various accents: "No." But in all the places I have interviewed where the conflicts are fierce, none of them have land approval procedures from the province or the State Council, and all of them are illegal land acquisitions. "Is it approved?" I asked. "Approved." The mayor said. "Is approval and approval the same concept?" "It's a concept." He didn't even bat an eye. I had no choice but to ask again: "Is approval and submission for approval the same concept, mayor?" "Well, there are two concepts."

"Then why break the law?" "Legal knowledge is indifferent." He also smiled at me. I was so angry that I wrote in my interview notes: "Too immoral". The program has been done over and over again, letters are still being sent, and the leader said that we still have to do it, but I think it is difficult to make new things according to this model.In October 2008, Zhang Jie said: "Anyway, the editors and directors are busy with special programs on the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up. You should think about doing a land program yourself. There is no limit to the content or time."

I held the eraser head in my mouth and stared at the white paper in a daze. When there is no restraint, I suddenly find that my mind is empty.I originally thought that after traveling thousands of miles and interviewing so many people, is it not enough to understand this issue?Now I know it's not enough.I thought that a good program would be sharp, but Chen Yi said: "It's not that you call it awesome by making out a sentence that the interviewee doesn't want to say, and put him and you at risk. That's not power. If Take away your words, what else do you have?" He explained: "Your theme should be contained in the structure, not in a few words, and you should pursue the power of the whole structure."

What he said was plain language, so he couldn't understand it.It’s something I’ve already felt but can’t express. It’s painful and quick, as if it “passes through” things, and there’s a very clumsy and sharp force. I don't know what this thing is. I looked for books on various land policies, and saw Zhou Qiren's "Property Rights and Institutional Changes", which were all legal provisions and terminology, but the deduction step by step was so vigorous that it "passed through" the past, and it seemed to me in the afternoon that it was simply overwhelming. People are ecstatic.

Lao Fan and I went to Peking University to find Zhou Qiren. Zhou Qiren said that he would not accept TV interviews. He took a look at my planning draft, which was full of clips from previous programs. He finished it in less than a minute, and he was quite generous: "It's not easy anymore, I'll give you three suggestions." "Number one, don't look at economics through a moral lens," he said. I moved my heart, and stopped talking. "Second, don't demonize local governments." I'm a little surprised, the criticism of them in my program is well-founded, why do I say I demonize them? "Third," he said, "regardless of left, center and right, quality is the most important thing." Well, don't look at economics through a moral lens.I put this sentence on paper... what is the economic problem?It's simple, buy and sell.I wrote on the paper: "Then who is buying? Who is selling?" I asked myself and answered: "The developer is buying, and the farmer is selling." "Then what does the government do?" "The government...well...buys land from farmers and sells it to developers." "When you go to the market to buy cabbage, do you need a hand from the government?" "But land is different from cabbage. Isn't the land all state-owned? The state-owned government can take it...isn't it?" "Rural land is collectively owned, not state-owned. Why should the government sell rural land, farmers' land?" Something in my mind shook, and I stood still: "Don't think about it, 'Any unit or individual that needs to use land for construction must apply for the use of state-owned land according to law'. This sentence is clearly written in "Land In the Management Law, the "state-owned land that is applied for use according to law" here includes "state-owned land and land expropriated by the state that originally belonged to farmers' collectives." Therefore, once rural collective land becomes construction land, it will be It will be turned into state-owned land. Haven’t you memorized it?” I wanted to stop, but the voice didn't intend to stop: "Is this...reasonable?" "Why is it unreasonable?" The inertia of thinking immediately replied, "There is a basis for legislation. This is based on the Constitution." That very small voice inside of me was asking, "What if..." "what if?" "..." "Tell me, what if?" "What if there's something wrong with the Constitution?" Go to the National Library and look up the 1954 Constitution, which does not mention the ownership of land in cities and suburban areas.Afterwards, neither the 1975 Constitution nor the 1978 Constitution. Check further... Here, here, on December 4, 1982, the Fifth National People's Congress The "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" passed at the meeting, Article 10, Paragraph 1: "The land in cities belongs to the state." The voice hesitated for a moment, and then struggled to ask a question: "However, it is understandable that natural resources such as mineral deposits, water flows, forests, mountains, and grasslands belong to the state. Why does the land in cities have to be state-owned?" Hmm...there is only such a sentence in the constitution, without annotations. Can't find it online either. I asked Zhou Qiren, and he said he also had the same question. I persuaded him to accept the interview, and he was happy: "Go and interview Chen Xiwen, he knows everything." Chen Xiwen is the deputy director of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group Office and the director of the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office.There was a lot of controversy in the academic world about the land issue at the time. I don't know if an official's explanation convinced the public. Zhou Qiren said: "Even those who oppose him respect him." When I was about to leave, he added another sentence: "Chen Xiwen is a somewhat emotional person, don't let him play the role of putting out the fire, let him speak along, he can talk a lot, very good." This sentence came in handy later. I have interviewed Chen Xiwen when I was in "Oriental Time and Space".After the interview, we had a working meal together. There was a large table. He talked about the demolition of Fengtai Migrant Primary School. The children stood with their backs against the half-demolished wall reading, and cried loudly when the teacher came.He stopped here, took out a crumpled blue handkerchief from his trouser pocket, and wiped his eyes. In the media industry, when it comes to who is coming, there are a lot of rumors, but none of the colleagues I know talk about him in private.A colleague said that when he interviewed another official, the other party was a little hesitant, and he used Chen Xiwen to persuade him. That person smiled and said something heartfelt: "Director Chen is sixty, and I am only fifty. He has forgotten me." , I still can't forget." During the Two Sessions in 2006, I had a short interview with Chen Xiwen. Most of the others expressed their views on the report. He talked about rural water conservancy. At that time, there was still four years before the severe drought in the southwest: "More and more water conservancy facilities are designed to meet the needs of cities. Satisfying industry means denying agricultural water use. If this situation continues, it will take three to five years or seven or eight years, and our entire agricultural irrigation system, to put it terribly, may even collapse.” The reviewer said: "No matter how sharply this person speaks, he can broadcast it." "why?" "Because he is very sincere." The interview with Chen Xiwen was where he had a meeting.His face looked like he hadn't slept enough for several days, his lips were blue, and the room was full of smoke.Putting on a coat over the woolen vest, with some old long johns showing on the shoes, he sat in front of the camera and said, "We should talk about the land." I asked him, where did the 1982 Constitution say "The land in cities belongs to the state" come from? He replied: "Before the 'Cultural Revolution', the country had no financial resources for construction. In 1982, the population swelled and there was no place to live. People could live in courtyard houses in Beijing and small western-style buildings in Shanghai, but the city was not like the countryside. There was no land reform. If there is a land deed, let’s change the law to make urban land state-owned, and people will live in it, which is equivalent to a land reform in a city.” Such a big event did not cause social turmoil. The concept of "private rights" was still unfamiliar and fearful at the time.Unexpectedly, this sentence was originally intended to solve the urban housing problem, but it accidentally buried a huge contradiction in the rural land expropriation system.Soon, China's urbanization began, and urban land was owned by the state. Therefore, once rural land was used for construction, it would be requisitioned by the government and converted into state-owned land. What Chen Xiwen spoke was also in plain language, unambiguous, and he didn't play with language slickly. He said every word with strength, and there was some white foam at the corner of his mouth, which he didn't know.He said that the root of the problem is not the government's land acquisition. Governments all over the world expropriate land, but only when it is used to build hospitals and schools and involves public interest buildings.However, in 1982, "After this sentence was added to the constitution, is there any commercial interest in the construction land? There must be. How did those lands become urban land? The constitution didn't mention it." "I don't know what the result will be?" "If you can't explain clearly, it will become multi-signature." There is a famous theory in economics called "Bazel's Dilemma", which means that when there is no owner, many people will come to take advantage of it.This dilemma has little to do with morality, but an inevitable economic behavior. I read and re-read the transcript of the interview, and then faced the blank paper, tremblingly wrote down the first sentence of the program: "In a market economy, there is a well-known rule: buy and sell freely, and exchange at equal value. After three decades of reform and opening up, China has achieved tremendous development by respecting and applying this rule, but there are some exceptions on land issues that affect the most populous land.” What an ordinary sentence, I cherish it with my broom, and read it again and again.A person has picked up his wisdom since he was a child, copying aphorisms when writing a diary, reading other people's articles when doing radio, imitating other people's questions when doing TV, like a person who has always been on crutches. stand up. I hesitated, and wrote the second sentence: "'What is given to the farmers is not the price, but the compensation." Chen Xiwen explained the situation of the farmers in one sentence. If the economy is planned, the peasants will suffer.'” What a loss? I did the math: "According to the data from the Research Group of the Development Research Center of the State Council, the income distribution of land appreciation after land expropriation: investors take the bulk, accounting for 40 to 50 percent, and the city government takes 20 percent." From 30 to 30, village-level organizations leave 25 to 30 percent, and most farmers receive compensation that only accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the entire land value-added proceeds.” Like something pushing the pen in my hand to a certain place. "If one side always takes advantage and the other side always suffers, then this kind of commodity exchange cannot continue." What are the consequences of not being able to continue? Holding the pen in my hand, I wrote the characters crookedly and quickly, like a person who has thrown a cane and ran forward with dangling legs. "The unsustainable result is various conflicts and mass incidents on the land of China, so that 'land expropriation', an ordinary economic behavior, has evolved into one of the most important social issues in our transitional era. " I understand that this thing that "passes through" is logic. In the middle of the night, I carefully watched the programs of that year. In 2004, I sat on a stone mill in a village in Fujian and asked the child opposite: "how old are you?" There are red plastic flowers tied on her two braids, and she stretches out five fingers timidly. I said, "Go to school?" The child's grandmother said: "There is no money." She was seventy-five years old, her house was demolished, she had no land, no social security, her son died, and her daughter-in-law left. "Do you want to go to school?" I asked the kid. "Think about it." She glanced at me and looked up at her grandma.The grandmother's face was full of misery, and the child curled his mouth and cried. The old man pressed the child to his chest and wept silently, tears flowing vertically and horizontally along the wrinkles.The child's cry was suffocated, and after a while, it burst out from the chest, crying for a long time.When Xiao Zhong was editing, the crying followed the shots of the village, rising into the air and resounding throughout the earth. The town personally set up a development company and sold the land to the factory. The money went into the account of the development company and then went to buy the land.A large amount of requisitioned land was left unused, and the land of a textile factory was left unused for four years. Our car drove around thousands of acres of wasteland for a long time, and the sand was filled to the height of half a person.When the land was bought, it was 25,000 yuan per mu, but now the lowest price is 168,000 yuan per mu. The company is not doing business, it is doing land sales. After this kind of program is broadcast, many viewers always leave messages to us, saying that it would be good to arrest those corrupt officials and the matter would be resolved.When the criminal law was revised in 1997, the illegal approval of expropriation and occupation of land was included as a criminal offense, and the degree of severity was unprecedented in the world.But ten years after the implementation of the new criminal law, when I interviewed, Chen Xiwen said that no official has been imprisoned because of this—because if you want to convict a state agency employee of this crime, you must presume that he has acted "for personal gain and fraud".That is to say, if you catch an official granting land illegally, but he did not engage in favoritism and fraud, there is nothing you can do about him, but if you catch him doing favoritism, most of the sentences can only be sentenced for bribery, which has nothing to do with illegal granting of land . The charge became toothless. The officials I interviewed who granted land grants illegally were very calm in the interview. A municipal party secretary said: "In the reform of the tax-sharing system in 1993, more than half of my fiscal revenue should be handed over to the central government. The rest needs to be developed and constructed. There is an indicator for growth. I don’t have any industry here, and I don’t pay agricultural taxes for farming. You can help me figure it out, what should I do? It’s also a public heart, right, public heart.” This is what Zhou Qiren said, “Don’t demonize the local government.” mean. After our interviews, some officials were punished, and they sent me a text message during the holidays, saying thank you for your support back then, and now I have changed my position. I was stuck, accusing me of being good at it, and I knew where the audience would shed tears, but this time, in this contradictory reality, if I wanted to cut it down, it was like falling into a quilt, with nowhere to focus.Various parties in the media have no consensus on the issue of land property rights, almost personal attacks, from ridicule to cruelty.The dispute is focused on the solution, "whether the land should be privatized or not". While turning the ballpoint pen in his hand, the intern said, "Hurry up and give all the land to the farmers and let them sell it directly to the merchants. Isn't the problem solved? Why so much fuss?" I asked him, "What do you want to do in the future?" The young man was quite frank, "Be a producer." "What about being a producer?" "Be the head of the station." "What about being the director?" "Influence others." "What does it affect other people?" "...I haven't thought about this yet." I said, "You'd better give me an object." A verb is always relatively simple, but without an object, it doesn't know where it ends up. After Chen Xiwen's interview was broadcast, I saw a message on the Internet. This buddy accidentally saw it on TV in Xijiao City. He said that he was shocked when he heard a question and stepped into the bottom of the basin: "Reporters dare to ask 'land is not privately owned, it is because of ideology Is it?'” Hey, what's wrong with this problem? The decision of the central government is that the nature of the land will not change. Chen Xiwen is one of the people who drafted the decision document, so of course we can only ask him. Chen Xiwen said: "I don't think it's because of ideology. China's resource endowment is very unique in the world. The land per capita is only one-third of an mu, and the small scale of private ownership will soon be divided. This land can only be maintained. Food and clothing, just after food and clothing, there can be no risk, if you encounter a little risk, you have to sell the land and house.” "Some economists say that farmers can judge their own lives and maximize their own interests. Wouldn't it be okay if you let him make his own judgment?" "What should I do if I make a wrong judgment? Now there is no social security in the countryside. Who will take care of it after selling the house and land? If you enter the city, the government will take care of it, or you will have a job yourself. Otherwise, you will follow the third method, and large slums will appear. This society is ruined." After the broadcast of this episode, various places even came to my place, asking if they could let Director Chen take a look. Our farmers can use their homesteads to change their household registration and citizen status. This is guaranteed.I said that I have no personal relationship with Chen Xiwen, so I can’t bring this up, but he said this question: “Social security is a public service that the government should provide. In any country or place, you can tell the people that you want to get my public service. , you are going to take your property? This is creating a new imbalance." I asked him, "Do they think the farmers are willing?" He may have heard this too much, and he was a little anxious, and waved his hand: "Do you dare to tell the truth to the farmer? You take his land and give him 200,000. You sold it for two million. If you dare to tell the farmer They tell the truth, and the farmers are willing, so you can do whatever you want.” He took a deep breath and said slowly: "I can't be sorry to the peasants anymore." Chen Xiwen said that he became an educated youth at the age of eighteen, worked as a cashier in the brigade in Heilongjiang, and became a production team leader. After ten years, he gave up everything and returned to Shanghai in order to attend a university that studies rural economy.He has seen the land allocated to Chinese farmers overnight under coercive force, and it was also taken back overnight. He knows what will happen if a concept with a good starting point is divorced from reality. It is always the peasants who help."He said that he had experienced the transition from idealism to empiricism, and realized that if book concepts become dogma, it is easy to sway left and right like a trapeze juggler.He believes that the premise of solving the land problem-"first pave the way for farmers' social security, no matter in the corner or in the most prosperous place, they are all under the protection of this social security net and have the ability to survive. .” Chen Xiwen's statement does not represent the truth, but it provides a premise. When he said that this is not due to ideology, the land issue returned to the original economic issue, legal issue, and social management issue.When not talking about doctrines but only talking about issues, authoritarianism cannot exist on academic issues. Everyone has to use arguments and facts to speak, and they must respect actual real-world experience. I think of Zhou Qiren's third sentence at the time: "It doesn't matter whether it's left, middle or right, quality is the most important." Lao Fan helped me edit this film, and I was a little worried when I got to this part: "Do you think our film needs to be so deep? Will it be difficult for the audience to understand?" In the end, forty-five minutes. We were a little worried, so we put down the manuscript and went to see Chen Gai together.He was hospitalized with a stomach problem. When he entered the door, he was sitting on the sofa, and his sister-in-law was washing his feet.The man in the thin hospital gown was a little thin and shivering, but seeing the top of his jet-black head, he felt relieved. "I'm afraid you're sick, and you won't let me come." I sent text messages several times before to come to see him, but he refused. "I didn't ask others to come, but they all came." I was still so ruthless when I was sick, it made me choke. He said that he was much better after the operation, and he would be discharged from the hospital after a while. He was still a little weak, and he lay sideways on the hospital bed, talking about business for two hours.Explaining to Lao Fan what is meant by "simple and simple", a colleague told him that the film should not be edited too deeply, "my mother said she couldn't understand it".He said: "Ideology, you, and your mother, these are three things. Now your mother can't understand it. Clear thoughts? Let me tell you, your mother is God, you can’t be wrong, and the thought itself can’t be wrong. It’s you who are wrong. It’s the rhythm of the narration, the density of information and its visualization when you narrate this thought. The level is not handled well, so the ideas are not being passed on.” He asked Lao Fan: "Did you do 'The Trauma of the Two Cities'?" Lao Fan was a little unsure how he was going to scold him, so he said timidly, "Yes." "I was the one who advocated for the Gold Award, and there was a lot of controversy. I watched 'Twin Cities' the most when I watched it at 70 in Taiwan. Everyone may say that this interview can't be done like this. It’s wrong to say that, but no one will leave, and he can’t jump away. I have a saying, that is, the film must walk with question marks. No matter what mistakes we have made in the process of understanding, the problem itself is true. For What’s true for the reporter is true for the audience.” Lao Fan was scolded enough back then, and he was overjoyed to hear this. I thought to myself: "Why don't you praise me once?" He turned his head to me: "Chai Jing...has some well-known shortcomings." I laughed and knew him. He went on to say: "But she still has a characteristic, she doesn't follow others." Just about to have mixed feelings, he glanced at me. There was makeup on his face just after the recording of the show that day, and he said viciously: "Wipe off the eyeliner, what is that painted on?" Going back to programing, we start with our own biggest questions. I asked Chen Xiwen: "City people can sell houses, farmers build houses with small property rights, and the central government does not allow the sale. Some people accuse this of ownership discrimination and bullying farmers?" Chen Xiwen said: "I'm speaking bluntly. Some opponents don't even understand the most basic concepts. Beijing's housing prices are so high, why no one wants to fill in Yuyuantan to build houses? Fill in Beihai? Fill in the Summer Palace Lost? Developers know that whoever wants to recruit it must be looking for death. This is called control.” There are controls in every country, and farmers abroad cannot freely decide to buy and sell land. The land that should grow crops cannot grow houses.He was looking at a land use planning map of a county in the United States, and it was hung in a public auditorium. Anyone can comment, "This red line is drawn on the map, and the difference in land prices is at least 30 to 40 times." . "The key is who has the right to plan?" "That's right, you will definitely jump when you cross the line, why? But democratic voting, you are on the scene from the beginning to the end, you know it all. After the majority of people agree, it will be deliberated and approved by the parliament. What is scientifically unfair hurts the interests of many people." The governments of various countries can only take part in land acquisition when it involves land for public welfare.It is not up to the government to determine whether a piece of land is public welfare or not.I asked, "Then how do you judge?" "This is common sense," he said. I was taken aback, "Can such a complicated matter be decided by common sense?" He said: "With the jury system, a group of ordinary people sit there, and he can understand what the land is for and whether it is for public welfare." If the land is awarded for public welfare, the price will also be determined by the market. "It doesn't make sense to say that because it is a public welfare project, everyone can benefit from it, and I will only suffer when it ends." I said that some people will say that you will encourage nail households in this way.He said, "There are nail households in every country. To put it bluntly, it is better to have expensive land, and it will be abused when it is cheap." In the past eleven years, the total area of ​​China's cultivated land has decreased by 12.5 million mu, more than The area of ​​arable land in Henan province.A considerable portion of local government land accounts for 60 percent of extra-budgetary revenue.The unstoppable development of high-energy-consuming and high-pollution enterprises is also related to the overplanned supply of construction land.What he meant was that since the 1982 Constitution gave the government the right to expropriate commercial land, there is no need to take a long way to reform, just withdraw in one step. "But local governments have real financial problems and the pressure of official assessment?" "Real income depends on economic development, not eating land for a living. If it is properly managed, the income from land will not be less than it is now. China's income tax is progressive. People have money in their pockets, and taxes go up. If you think now Where there is a problem with the legal system, it can be changed, and the legal system that has been built with great difficulty in the past 30 years cannot be overridden." Speaking of this, his face was full of worries, and he showed weakness for a moment. I asked: "Some people may ask, in the current reality of China, is what you said too ideal?" He did not answer this question directly, but said: "This land expropriation system cannot be changed without reform. The most frightening thing is that if there is enthusiasm for land sales from top to bottom, it will be too late to regret after a few years. If the city cannot return to the countryside, there will be no farmland.” During the interview with Chen Xiwen, I vaguely felt that I was not leading the question, but logic was leading me, and logic would only bite the chain together so that no link could be disassembled. This chain is the structure.The structure is not created by the reporter, the reporter just sees it and peels it out of the buried soil. When someone watched this program and I interviewed Chen Xiwen, it revealed that the government would gradually withdraw from commercial land use, and almost ecstatically called and asked: "Is it settled? If it is settled, you can buy land from the village party secretary in cash." I think this The steaming pot lid was about to be pushed open. In the interview, Chen Xiwen repeatedly emphasized that the land used by township enterprises can only be directly traded with enterprises. This land only accounts for 2% of the land sold every year, which is very small, just like a boiling pressure cooker can only be opened by a small gap. Heat dissipation. His words are not so much a warning as a worry about whether the reform can continue: "If a large amount of land is lost, no one can bear the responsibility, so we can only stop it." What worries me is the current government regulation Level, once released suddenly, will bring immeasurable risks if combined with land hunger.Many people are a little anxious when they hear this when they watch TV—then when will this one take a step forward?I am also a short-tempered person, and I have a habit of doing news. I want to find a standard answer once and for all in the program.I remembered that there was a program that filmed a kid who was a little bit bigger.His father taught him to read the text, saying that Uncle Lei Feng walked in the mud, with one foot in the other.He asked his son, "Why are there foot sockets and not footprints?" The round-headed doll thought for a while and said: "Because he is carrying a heavy load, he walks slowly, and when he steps on it, it will be a nest." The nest of this step is that when the land used by township enterprises is converted into construction land, the government withdraws and no longer acquires land. It moves forward between retreat and advance.But because the land is collectively owned, it can only be directly negotiated and traded by the village collective and the enterprise. I talked to Chen Xiwen. He was criticized for being "paternalism" towards farmers, tying them to the collective, and being vulnerable to the powerful people in the village. Left and right and dominate. He said that the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a key breakthrough. He said that farmers’ land contract management rights will be changed from 30 years to “long-term unchanged.” It doesn’t matter whether it’s transfer or transfer, and finally go to an organization to engage in professional cooperation, so that you will gradually become economically independent.” independent?I hesitated a bit, what did he want to say? He made an analogy: "It's like the neighborhood where you live. There is a neighborhood committee, right? It cares about your health, safety, and charges a little, but it doesn't care where you work, how much money you earn, let alone your personal life. Life. Village committees in rural areas should also be like this.” Village committees...like neighborhood committees?I never thought about it that way. Over the years, I have done a lot of things criticizing how the grassroots village organizations violated the rights and interests of the villagers. I have recorded a lot of tears, injustice and anger, but after the first episode of the program, I always feel that it is better to change a good village official, or to supervise It would be nice if it was more effective. I never seriously thought about what the essence of collective life in a village is like.He was talking about a Chinese countryside that I had never imagined. "Then who will manage the economic life of the peasants?" "Farmers are free to form economic cooperative organizations to manage themselves." I remembered that in Iowa, an agricultural state in the United States, I saw that the average age of farmers was 70 years old, and their children had all gone to big cities. Looking around, there was no one inhabited, only a few big dogs for company.The two old men cultivated a hundred acres of land, relying on the economic cooperation between the villagers, and the large equipment and labor needed for farming were jointly rented from commercial companies.The Internet at the old man's home can see the latest grain prices, and there is no village committee to take care of his economic life. Self-government is a process of liberation.The solution is not to break it in two, but to find the end of the thread and gently twitch it with a gentle gesture, so that everything returns to its original state. We talked for more than four hours that day, and it was twelve o'clock in the middle of the night when it ended. He was already 60 years old. I felt a little sorry: "In the end, I didn't need that much." Chen Xiwen said, "It doesn't matter, I will talk more, you will know point." After the first draft was completed, I sent it to Chen Xiwen, asking him to see if there were any mistakes in citing policies or laws, and I also sent the 80,000-word memorandum as a souvenir.In the cover letter, I wrote "If the information is inaccurate, please specify". When he sent it back, the manuscript was changed in two places. One is to remove the original statement that he is "one of the most authoritative experts on agricultural issues" in the commentary.There is also a sentence, "Economist Zhou Qiren could not explain this question. It was not until the interview with Chen Xiwen that we discovered that there is a huge historical secret buried in it", which was also removed. He also sent back the field notes, which are all our interview records, and there were many typos in the shorthand.I have checked the thousands of words of the official manuscript that I let him read, and these notes are just a memento, and he knows it.But among the 80,000 characters, he corrected all the wrong characters one by one with a red pen. In the program, Chen Xiwen said: "Hundreds of millions of people will turn into urban residents. You will have to come to this process sooner or later. How much investment this kind of urbanization can bring and how much consumer market it will create is immeasurable and has great potential. The problem is that now only half of the people have moved into the city, and the land has become like this, and the pollution has become like this. What should we do in the future? Without serious consideration, it is hard to say whether this is a disaster or a blessing. If there is a problem with the Chinese economy, it must be the rural economy出问题，中国未来一个大的坎就是几亿人进城，就看这个坎能不能过得去。”播出时，我妈说：“这个人怎么这么敢说啊，听得我都心惊肉跳。” 美国有一个得普利策奖的华人记者，叫刘香成。作为曾在美联社、《时代》周刊任职的记者，他拍了四十年的中国，被认为是反映中国政治最优秀的摄影师之一。他说：“其实我从来不拍政治，我只拍普通人，只不过普通人的生活反映出了政治。” 我后来琢磨，这期节目中，陈锡文看待事物的方式也是这样。他不从意识形态或者某一概念出发，也不刻意站在它的对立面，说出事实时无所顾忌，也不故作惊人之语。他只是关心普通人的生活，他要解决这些生活中的具体矛盾。矛盾解决的方式，自然指出要走过什么样的路。 审片时，我跟袁总谈：“我在这个片子里学到不能用道德眼光看待经济问题。” 他一笑，说：“不能用道德眼光看任何问题。” 在广东调査违法批地时，我问镇里的书记：“您觉得一个地方政府发展经济的目的是什么？” “我觉得就是让自己地方的群众过得比以前好，这是我最大的目的。” “那我们看到的这个发展经济的结果，是农民失去了土地，失去了保障，没有就业的机会，生活水平比以前下降，这是怎么回事？” “因为这个……水平下降？你现在这样提出来，我这个还要去调查，到底是下降了什么？下降了多少？” “您辖区内这些人这几年到底靠什么生活的，您不清楚吗？” “一般都是靠自己的一些，打工这样的性质去（挣钱)。” “您觉得这样对农民负责任吗？” 他往后一靠，一直没有回答这个问题，通常人在沉默的压力下都会说些什么，但这次他打定了主意不发一言，等待着采访的结束。 结尾时，我录了一段串场：“陈锡文说，中国的土地问题一定会面临一个非常大的坎。这个坎过去了，就能带来对中国经济不可估量的推动，过不去，所有的国民都要付出代价。而能不能越过这个坎，关键就在于有没有科学、民主、公平、公正的制度。从这个意义上说，当前征地制度的改革，不仅仅是在为九亿农民争取他们手中应有的权益，也是在为这个社会当中的每一个人寻找公平有序的未来。” 播出后，有位观众给我留言：“你为什么要选一个特别唯美的秋天树林边，一个光线很漂亮的地方录这个结尾串场呢？这样的话，应该在裸露的土地前录才对。” 是，在这样的现实面前，不必有任何装饰。