Chapter 15 fifteen pains

When Chen Yinke talked about politics, he said that he "does nothing useful" and said: Looking at the history books, the transfer and decline of the ranks of common people and bureaucrats are often related to the changes of moral standards and social customs... At the time of the change of moral standards and social customs At that time, there was a distinction between the virtuous and the clumsy among the people of the scholar-bureaucrat class who were transferred and ascended, and the wise and clumsy people often felt pain and finally disappeared.Those who are unworthy and those who are skillful will enjoy more joy, often become rich and honorable, and have a good life and reputation.Why?It is only due to making good use of or not making good use of these two different standards and customs to cope with this environment.

Wu Yanren said: the books he read can't be used in the end. As for the exhausted and complaining, the depression and life, the book is poor and worrying, thinking that "heavy wind and clouds, shaking mountains, capturing souls, weeping ghosts and gods", or "state of mind". "Insects and fishes, comment on moon dew, write about hatred, and send lingering", besides being cynical, I don't realize that I am also a big fool. Wang Guowei said of himself: "The nature of the rest is that if you want to be a philosopher, you have a lot of emotions but know that you are a little bit. If you want to be a poet, you have a lot of emotions and a lot of reason." Believers are not lovable; they know the truth and love their error."

Preface to Chen Yinke's "Mr. Wang Guantang's Elegy": Maybe ask Mr. Guantang why he died.It should be said: Nearly people have the theory of Eastern and Western cultures, and it is not necessary to discuss whether they should be divided into regions, that is, the so-called similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages, and it is not clear; however, the meaning of a hypothesis can be obtained.Its meaning is: when the value of a certain culture declines, the people transformed by this culture will feel pain. The more extensive the expression of this culture is, the more painful it will be; If it is not for suicide, there is no way to seek peace of mind and do justice.

In the past few decades, from the season of Daoguang to today, the social and economic system has been invaded by foreign tribes, resulting in dramatic changes; Before you know it, even if there are people, you insist on forcefully, but you will end up in an irreparable situation.Then the people who are condensed by this cultural spirit will die together without sharing their fate. The reason why Mr. Guantang had to die is the one who is deeply mourned and cherished by future generations. Lu Xun’s point of view in "Reading Less Chinese Books": Those who advocate reading the scriptures have ulterior motives. They want people to read the scriptures to become filial sons and obedient people, and become martyrs and chaste women, while they themselves can be proud and ride high on the heads of the people.They often take pride in reading scriptures and claiming to be ancient Chinese culture, but have they ever used the Japanese soldiers who probated the May 30th massacre, or used curses to sink the warships of the Eight-Power Allied Forces that bombarded Dagukou in the March 18th massacre?

Hu Shi: Confucians are the priests of the Yin nation. Their clothes are Yin clothes and they practice Yin rituals. Their outlook on life is that of the subjugated survivors. They have changed from a priest class of a subjugated nation to a master who reconciles three generations of culture. .With the great spirit of Wu Cong Zhou, I mentioned the great mission of "taking benevolence as one's own responsibility"-this is the new Confucianism of Confucius, this is "the theory of subjugation of slaves". Seeing meekness, the Jews have been subjugated for the longest time and have not seen meekness.

Hu Shi said: "Revolutions often involve more conscious efforts, while historical evolution is often an unconscious natural change. Because of the difference in methods, there are also two differences in results: first, unintentional natural evolution is very late. If it is slow, it is very uneconomical, and conscious artificial promotion can often shorten the time for reform. Second, the result of natural evolution often leaves behind many old systems and old forces that have long lost their functions, while conscious revolution can often be more effective. Eliminate some obsolete things. On these two points, conscious revolution is better than unconscious evolution." He said frankly: "We don't admit that there is any fundamental solution. There are two great revolutions in the world, one in France and one in Russia. The revolution, on the surface, can be regarded as a fundamental solution, but in its core, it is impossible to escape the details of the specific problems; although the moment of pleasure shakes the world, France and Russia will eventually have to deal with the little bit of the problem. Because we do not believe in the fundamental When it comes to transformation, we only believe in the little bit of transformation, so we don’t talk about doctrines, we only talk about problems; we don’t have great hopes, and we don’t have great disappointments.”

Chen Duxiu cried out for his era: "Destroy, destroy idols, destroy hypocritical idols. Our beliefs should be based on truth and reasonableness. Religious, political, moral, and vanity that has been passed down since ancient times are deceiving and unreasonable. All beliefs are idols and should be destroyed. If such false idols are not destroyed, the real truth in the universe and the belief in our hearts will never be one.” The student leaders of the "May 4th" movement, such as Fu Sinian, Luo Jialun, Duan Xipeng, Luo Longji, etc., will all be brilliant in the future.The later March 18th, December 9th, and January 21st movements were mostly manipulated by political forces, and those student leaders lacked a kind of temperament, but they seemed to be a bit "real people don't show their faces" and deep.

Su Manshu said: Plays by the best people can destroy people's wealth, novels can increase fate, and promote adultery.Husband's music kills the heart, and the more bitter it is to leave.Obscene words guide desire, nourishing and lingering, Buddhism cuts off greed and ignorance, overflows with kindness, seeking happiness is temporary and this is eternal, according to virtue, this is there and that is not. Su Manshu said to himself: Everyone will not become a Buddha in one day, but there will be tears in my dreams overnight. Chiang Kai-shek was distressed by the demise of Chinese culture, and wrote in his "China-based Cultural Construction Manifesto": "China has disappeared in the cultural field, and China's political form, social organization and ideological content have lost their form. From the perspective of the cultural field, it is true that there is no China in the modern world, and there are almost no Chinese in China’s territory.”

In 1932, Chen Duxiu was arrested for the fifth time. On the train to Nanjing, he slept soundly and didn't care.When He Yingqin, Minister of Military and Political Affairs of the Kuomintang, asked him for a letter, he responded without hesitation, and wrote the words "The three armies can win the commander, but the man cannot win the ambition".In prison, he heard the news that he might be put to death, but he said without fear: "I have a terrible brain pain, and I very much hope that the government will put me in prison and put me to death as soon as possible. I don't want to live in this dirty society."

After the deaths of Yang Xingfo and Qu Qiubai, it was widely rumored that Lu Xun would be inevitable. Lu Xun wrote a poem saying: "Is there any pride like the old days, when flowers bloom and fall. When will tears shed in the rain in the south of the Yangtze River, and weep for the people." Hu Feng, as a protégé of Lu Xun, wrote "a book of three hundred thousand characters" in an extraordinary period, so he must be called a tough guy.At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", the most ferocious struggle, he happened to be in a labor camp in the deep mountains of Sichuan, otherwise he would surely die.Even so, after several struggles and imprisonment, his spirit has long since collapsed.Although he was freed after the Cultural Revolution, his spirit gradually calmed down after treatment, but he was still very sensitive. Whenever there was a sign of trouble, his old illness would immediately relapse.He died in 1985, and when he was dying, he still said in panic: "Someone wants to frame me again? How can this happen?"

In the 1940s, the dictatorship of the Kuomintang aroused public dissatisfaction, and the party's calls for democracy and constitutionalism were also very strong.The Party Headquarters of the Southwest Associated Region of the Kuomintang once held a meeting and publicly recommended Feng Youlan to write to Chiang Kai-shek, asking the National Government to implement a constitution in order to calm people's hearts.The letter wrote: "Seeing the fall of a leaf, you know that it will be in late autumn." "The former Qing Dynasty was reluctant to implement constitutionalism, so that it lost people's hearts and made our party successful. The past is not far away, and we can learn from it." It is said that Jiang was "moved by it and shed tears for it" after seeing it. When Yin Haiguang was in poverty, he asked his students and old friends for help. He said in a letter to Xu Guansan: "I only have one idea. Since the May Fourth Movement, the real free intellectuals have almost withered, especially those like me. people. Is this era starving me?" In 1961, after Tian Jiaying conducted a rural survey in Zhejiang, he went to Hangzhou to report to Mao Zedong, and lived with Mao Chongheng and others in Liuzhuang.Tian Shantan often tells stories before meals to broaden his knowledge.This time, he looked at the food with a serious expression, and he had no intention of putting on a fight. He said: "Farmer brothers are too difficult. A farmer moved seven times because of the communalization. The canteen occupied his house and moved to the temple. The temple was requisitioned to run an industry, and people lived in relatives and neighbors, and the whole village was relocated, leaving only a shoulder pole to carry all the belongings, and it is not known where the next step will be moved, which is really unbearable.” Tian lamented: "One meal is not thin, and I am ashamed of the hearts of the people." Wang Xu once said that what Shen Congwen was most afraid of was losing his right to work.One year, when he was told to go through the formalities of being transferred from the History Museum to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, he mistakenly thought it was going through the retirement procedures and walked into the door of the office of the relevant department. There's still something to do, please don't make me retire." Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning have been good friends from high school to university, and then to study in the United States.After Deng Jiaxian returned to China, he "buried everything related to the 'civilized world'". In 1972, Yang Zhenning went to Beijing to look for Deng Jiaxian everywhere, and the relevant departments had to arrange a "home" for Deng Jiaxian in a courtyard house in Beijing.Yang Zhenning saw that the books in the bookcase were all labeled with the library, and knew that this was not Deng Jiaxian's real home.Finally, when sending Yang Zhenning farewell, Deng Jia couldn’t help but ask Zhou Enlai if he could tell Yang Zhenning, because he just asked one question: Are China’s nuclear tests and atomic bombs carried out by the Chinese themselves?At the airport, Deng Jiaxian said to Yang Zhenning: "I can tell you the truth, I am doing this. The atomic bomb in China is all made by myself." Yang Zhenning rushed into the bathroom and cried loudly. Liang Shiqiu wrote many times about Qingdao where he taught in his later years: "I once dreamed that if one day I could retire safely, I would always find a more comfortable and comfortable place to live... I am from Peiping, and I never take Beiping as my ideal place. A place. Beiping has grown from prosperous to shabby, from elegant to vulgar to vile. Qingdao is the place that really makes people want to linger.” He also said that Qingdao is “a country of true gentlemen”.His daughter Liang Wenqian, who stayed in the mainland, specially put a handful of spun yarn from Qingdao beach in a bottle and sent it to her father. Liang Shiqiu put it on the desk and cried. Gu Zhun said in his notes on "revolution": "The keynote of the world is evolution, and revolution is the collapse when evolution is blocked." He treats revolution as a premise, and he considers the problems after revolution, that is, " What happens after Nora leaves", the conclusion is to move from idealism to empiricism. In 1997, Ba Jin was hospitalized and has been ill ever since."From now on, I live for you," he said.