Chapter 5 Five Pure Confucianism

Tang Yongtong is gentle and kind.Qian Mu and Fu Sinian had rifts, but they both made friends with Tang; Xiong Shili and Lu Cheng often disagreed with each other in Buddhism, but they both got along with Tang; although Tang joined the Xueheng School, they did not hurt Hu Shi... So Tang got a "" Tang Bodhisattva, Qian Mu said he was "a typical example of pure Confucianism". Lin Shu has a chivalrous style. Once a friend asked him to borrow money, and he gave him the 400 yuan he just earned from selling a painting. The friend insisted on writing a note and left.Not long after this friend died of illness, Lin Shu went to offer his condolences. He burned the IOU in front of the spirit and made a sacrifice. Later, he recalled that if both he and his friend were alive, it would be the same whether he had the IOU or not. Now that the friend is dead, I am afraid that my days will not be long, if there are still IOUs after death, it is difficult to guarantee that there will be no disputes between the two families, so I burn them.

In order to win over Kang Youwei, Yuan Shikai called him to preside over the Museum of Qing History.Kang Youwei resigned forcefully: "If I were to study Qing history, Yuan Shikai would be the first to be a sinner. This would not be tolerated, so I cannot take up the post." In 1901, Luo Zhenyu was overjoyed when he saw oracle bones for the first time at Liu E's house.He was amazed, and said to himself: "Since the Han Dynasty, the elementary school scholars such as Zhang, Du, Yang, and Xu have not seen it. Today, the mountains and rivers are effective, and the secrets are revealed once for three thousand years, and they are suitable for my life, so I want to spread them. And it's my responsibility."

Wang Guowei never cut his braids. Once when his wife washed his hair, he said, "It's this time, what are you doing with this thing?" Wang replied, "It's because it's this time. ?” When Huang Kan was studying in Japan, he got up at night in a panic and urinated downstairs at will. At that time, the residents downstairs were reading at night with the lamp on. Seeing this, Huang Kan also retorted.The two exchanged their names, and Huang Kan found out that the guest downstairs was Zhang Taiyan.As soon as he came into contact with him, Huang Jianzhang was rich in knowledge and knowledge, but he was not as good as himself, so he called him a disciple because of his integrity.

When Zhang Taiyan was the editor of "Taiwan Daily News", readers often reported to the newspaper that his articles had too many strange words and dictionaries, which made it difficult to read.The editor-in-chief put forward his opinion tactfully, and he said: "I can't control what people in the world know or don't understand, and I can't understand it. I only worry about my poor writing. If my writing is good, someone will know it. Please don't ask!" Cai Yuanpei was a Hanlin scholar around Jiawu, living in the middle of Beijing, and has been advancing along the old road of learning.The Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War was a great opportunity for its transformation. After signing the "Treaty of Shimonoseki", he wrote such an unforgettable sentence as "the one who can cry bitterly and take a long breath". After that, he explored the way to save the country and began to talk about Western learning.

Liang Qichao gradually faded out of the political arena after Dai Kan's death, and taught at Tsinghua University, Southeast University and other universities, claiming that he would spend the rest of his life as a professor and reporter and would no longer engage in politics.Later, due to illness, he was re-admitted to Union Medical College Hospital. A Chinese doctor diagnosed him with kidney disease and required surgery.After surgery to remove a kidney, the disease still did not heal. It turned out that the good kidney was taken by mistake.Friends persuaded Liang to sue the doctor, Liang replied: "Forget it! Chinese people learn Western medicine and can perform surgery, and I am alive to this day, which is already considered good. Why should I sue him!"People at the time were deeply regretful, and thought that regardless of other things, if his death was suspended for a few years, his writings would be very rich.

When Wang Kaiyun came to Beijing to serve, someone asked him: "How do the sages of the Republic of China compare with Xian and Tongjian?" Wang said: "Looking at the past from the present, there is almost no improvement in intelligence. But people in the past were serious about things, and people in today's things are perfunctory. .” Liu Shipei belonged to the School of Ancient Literature, and Cui Shi belonged to the School of Modern Literature. When they were teaching at Peking University, they lived exactly opposite each other.But when it comes to class, they are at war with each other and attack each other without mercy.

In the early 1930s, Xiong Shili, Tang Yongtong, Qian Mu, Zhang Dongsun, Zhang Shenfu, Lin Zaiping, Liang Shuming, Meng Wentong, Li Zhenggang, Deng Gaojing, Feng Youlan, He Lin, Zhang Dainian, Jin Yuelin, Shen Youding, Feng Wenbing, Huang Genyong and others gathered at Peking University, often at Peking University. It can be described as a grand event together.Xiong Shili and Feng Wenbing (abandoned name) once wrestled endlessly over disputes. Xiong said sharply: "I represent the Buddha, and if you disagree, you are against the Buddha!" ​​But it didn't affect the relationship at all.

Xiao Gongquan said that before the war, there was a popular saying among professors and colleagues in Tsinghua University: Whatever Daisen Says, it goes; Whatever it goes, Chisen Says.The meaning of this saying is "what Daisun says, things will be done; how things are done, Zhisheng will say." Meng Wentong taught in the history department of Sichuan University. He was dismissed due to a dispute with the school, but he went to class as usual, saying: "Whether you hire me or not is a matter for your Sichuan University. I am from Sichuan, so I have to teach the children of Sichuan!"

When Tang Yongtong was teaching at Peking University, Fu Sinian once asked him to serve as the director of an office with a monthly salary.But when the salary was paid, he returned the full amount of the salary, saying: "I have already received the money from Peking University, and I can't get another one." Liang Shiqiu's sentence "I will not see you off when you leave; but when you come, no matter how windy or rainy, I will pick you up." Lin Geng's student Yuan Xingpei still remembers a sentence from his husband: "A person walks with his head held high, and I have held my head high all my life."

In the autumn of 1939, Qian Zhongshu, Zou Wenhai, Xu Yanmou and others went to the National Teachers College in Anhua, Hunan.On the way, Qian Zhongshu couldn't put down the scroll, feeling at ease.Zou Wenhai was curious. He knew that Qian Zhongshu was reading an English dictionary.Zou Wenhai felt that it was inconceivable that a bland dictionary could be held in his hand for a month.Qian Zhongshu told him: "Dictionaries are good companions on the journey. You can read and play as you go. When you encounter a few unfamiliar words, you can remember the usage of a few more words. It is a pity that the dictionaries written by the predecessors often Recording the old spoken language and expressing the customs of the old time is so interesting that it is not enough for outsiders."

——Zou Wenhai, "Recalling Qian Zhongshu" In 1946, Chen Yinke returned to Tsinghua University from Europe. At this time, he was blind and physically and mentally exhausted.Lei Haizong, the head of the history department, advised him to rest for a while, but he refused to listen, and asked to teach a class in the Chinese department as well.Wang Yongxing, Lei Haizong's assistant, advised him: "One class is hard enough, why don't you stop taking classes in the Chinese Department?" Chen Yinke said seriously: "I get the salary of the country, how can I not work?" Liang Sicheng lectured on the history of Chinese architecture at Peking University, and dozens of students attended the lecture.In the last class, Liang Sicheng said: "The lecture is over, and I have to take a test for business purposes! How do you guys say to pass the test?" None of the students answered.Liang said again: "Anyway, it's a business meeting, so you can do whatever you want, so let's talk about it!" Still no one answered.Liang understood a little bit, so he said: "Let's see how many students are enrolled in the course, please raise your hand!" As a result, no one raised their hand.Liang smiled and said: "So you are all listening, thank you for your support!" After speaking, he made a big bow to the audience and drifted away. Wu Zhihui and Li Shi once organized the "Eight Meetings" at Peking University. The "Eight Nos" means no smoking, no drinking, no whoring, no gambling, no drug use, no officialdom, no greed for money, and no flattery.They invited Xiong Shili to participate, and Xiong Shili said: "You guys are forming a clique, I won't do it, I will definitely not." Hu Shi commented on Liang Qichao: "Ren Gong is the greatest hero of our country's revolution, and his contribution is to revolutionize our country's ideological circle. In the past fifteen years, the people in our country who have a little knowledge of national ideology and the general trend of the world are all gifted by Liang. The beak cannot be falsely accused. The revolution in Wuhan last year, so those who were able to respond to the whole country in one fell swoop, had already penetrated deeply into the people's national and political thoughts, so the momentum was like a bamboo ear. Without Liang's pen, although there is a hundred grandson Zhongshan Huang Keqiang, how could it be so successful? How fast?" Tang Degang believes that Hu Shi's position in the history of Chinese literature can be compared with that of Han Yu, who "went up and down for eight generations".He also commented on Hu Shi's personality: "...Among these famous Confucian scholars, most of those who have Mr. Hu's qualifications are not as hardworking as Mr. Hu; those who work as hard as Mr. Hu are mostly not as talented as Mr. Hu; Hu Shizhi’s relatives are not as good as his virtue, popularity, and smell. These are Hu Shizhi’s excellences, and they are not accidental.” Zhu Jiahua asked Fu Sinian to ask Li Fanggui to be the director of the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica, but Li Jian refused. He said: "Researchers are first-class talents, teaching staff are second-class talents, and directors and officials are third-class talents." Fu Sinian was very ashamed, bowed to the ground, and said, "I am a third-class talent." Fu was the director of the Institute of History and Philology at that time. Feng Youlan once said in "Xin Shi Lun": We often hear many jokes about city people and country people. According to these jokes, not only the people in the city are more knowledgeable, talented, and enjoy better than the people in the country. Dogs in the city are also more knowledgeable, capable, and enjoy better than dogs in the country.Although these are jokes, they are not necessarily untrue.We can even say that not only do dogs in the city have higher knowledge, talents, and enjoyment than dogs in the country, but also dogs in the city, in some respects, have higher knowledge, talents, and enjoyment than the dogs in the country... In China , out of a hundred country folks, at least ninety have never eaten the same food as the rich dogs in the city in their lives. Feng Youlan teaches at the Southwest Associated University. She has a long beard and wears a long gown. She has a Taoist air, and she herself advocates the multiple realms of life philosophy.Once, when he was going to teach, he met Jin Yuelin. Jin asked, "Zhisheng, what realm have you reached?" Feng replied, "You have reached the realm of heaven and earth." Feng Youlan said: Cai Yuanpei was a man who met the standard of a gentleman in modern times.Zeng Zi said: "You can entrust a six-foot orphan, you can send a hundred miles of life, and you can't take it away when it comes to the big festival. A gentleman is a man, and a gentleman is a man." Confucianism, "If porridge is incompetent", but "Amiable but not A calamity can be approached but not forced; it can be killed but not humiliated." "The body can be in danger, but the will cannot be taken away."Such a person is a gentleman.Confucius said, "A gentleman can be deceived by his own way, but it is hard to be wronged by his way." Feng said that Mr. Cai's personality is the highest expression of Confucian educational ideals. Feng Youlan once criticized Hu Shi's academic spirit: "Mr. Shizhi's illness is just too curious and self-confident. He often thinks that he can see what the ancients couldn't see; he can notice what the ancients didn't pay attention to. So he often It is wrong to point out people who the ancients recognized as unimportant to brag about, but to oppose those who were recognized as important by the ancients. This is wrong, because people's eyes can't be so far apart!" The defense said: "There are so many people criticizing Mr. Shizhi now, and some even wrote a book to criticize him. But their attitude is very unfair, because they often attack Mr. Shizhi's words more than 20 years ago. This How is that fair?" Feng Youlan stuttered a bit, but if he didn't bother, he once compared the similarities and differences between him and Jin Yuelin and said: "We both have strengths and weaknesses. His strength is that he can make simple things complicated, and mine is that he can make simple things complicated. So complicated things are so simple.” Qian Mu criticized the doubtful ancient school in class, saying: "There are suspicious things, not only in ancient times, but also in ancient times. For example, if someone's surname is Qian, this Qian's surname belongs to ancient times, so there is nothing suspicious. Recently, some people's surname is not Qian. , change the surname to 'Suspect Gu', what's the reason!" This is a nickname for Qian Xuantong's "Suspect Gu Xuantong".Someone reminded Qian Mu: "Qian Xuantong's son is listening to your class!" Soon, Qian Mu and Qian Xuantong met at a banquet, and Qian Xuantong said: "My son believes in your words very much and does not listen to mine!" The Red Guards ransacked Ma Yifu's house, and Ma Dan asked to leave an inkstone for writing, but the Red Guards refused and slapped Ma Yifu in the face instead. The Red Guards raided Liang Shuming's house and burned all the antique calligraphy and paintings that Liang painstakingly collected. Liang just watched coldly from the sidelines.But when the Red Guards brought out two hardcover volumes of "Ci Hai" and "Ci Yuan", Liang came out to stop them.He explained that these two books were borrowed from students from other places, and if they were burned, they would not be returned to their original owners.The Red Guards ignored it, and said contemptuously: "No need, for our revolutionary Red Guards, the "Xinhua Dictionary" is enough." Since hardcover books are not easy to burn, the Red Guards tore up and burned them page by page. Chen Bulei was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, and finally committed suicide in despair on the eve of losing everything. He represented a kind of "military heart" that has existed in China since ancient times, and even his opponents could not bear to regard him as "foolish loyalty".During the Anti-Japanese War, he said in a letter to Wang Yunsheng: "I am like a married woman who can only stay the same!" It can be seen that he is a gentleman in the old moral sense. During the anti-rightist period, Chen Mengjia, out of his love for ancient characters, said that "the reform of characters should be cautious", so he was labeled as a rightist and sent to rural labor in Henan. After the "Cultural Revolution" began, Chen Mengjia was brutally criticized. He said to a friend: "I can no longer let others treat me like a monkey!" So he committed suicide by taking a large amount of sleeping pills. Unexpectedly, he survived and hanged himself 10 days later. , which shows that he has no hesitation. After Lin Biao's death, Liang Shuming was very dissatisfied with the current "criticizing Lin Biao and Confucianism" movement. He believed that Confucius and Lin Biao were irrelevant.He said: "As for whether Lin Biao wants to follow the way of Confucius and follow the way of Confucius and Mencius, I can't believe it. I don't think Lin Biao is a victim of Confucius!" Only Liang Shuming was alone. Fei Ming admired his fellow villager Xiong Shili very much, and often talked with Xiong about the similarities and differences of Confucianism and Taoism, but after he started studying Buddhist books, he disagreed with Xiong Weng, who specialized in studying Buddhism, and was often dissatisfied.Once, the two were discussing Sengzhao together, disagreed with each other, and argued loudly, outsiders suddenly stopped in the sound of listening outside, it turned out that the two had already scuffled together, and soon left Xiong's house in a hurry.But the next day, Fei Ming went to Xiong's house again and discussed another issue with Xiong. Yan Yangchu once said in an interview with Pearl Buck: "I ask this question to the whole world, asking for an answer. Why can't people of all countries and regions unite to fight against our enemies - ignorance, poverty, disease and corrupt government?" ?” Before Yin Haiguang died, Xu Fuguan visited him, and he admitted to Xu that some of his previous statements were wrong.He said to Xu Fuguan: "I have known you for more than 20 years. Mr. Hai Guang is often one of the people whom Hai Guang hates when he mentions it, but he is also one of the characters that Hai Guang deeply admires." Most of the biggest troubles he encountered in terms of culture and ideology were related to Yin Haiguang.When he got the news of Yin Haiguang's death, Xu Zeng wandered around the room and said to himself: "Life will be even more lonely in the future, and there will be no one to talk to." When his wife heard it, she immediately reproached and said: "How can you Say this kind of thing! Are you worthy of other friends when you say such things? " Before "Wu Mi's Diary" was published, the editor wanted to ask Qian Zhongshu, who was over eighty years old, to write a preface for it.Qian wrote a letter to the editor, asking him to "attach this letter to his diary".Only then did Qian see in his diary that one of his articles decades ago had made Mr. Wu Mi very unhappy.He said in the preface, "I didn't intend to make the teacher so sad, the crime is undeniable, and it really should be burned."He also said that by including this article in the book, "to see that old people are not ignorant of shame in the world, if the top disciples can be saved from being cut off, they will be marked outside the head wall!" On September 3, 1961, "Rain Monk's Diary" said: "After liberation, Brother Yin Ke's attitude of standing on the wall, the people's government successively sent Wang Fa, Zhang Shizhao, Chen Yi, etc. to see him and persuade him to move to Beijing. Yin Ke refused. And he reprimanded Zhou Yang (in the group talk, Zhou blamed himself, saying that Mr. Yinke should not be angered, etc.)." Zhou Yang said: "I went to visit him in 1959, and he asked, Mr. Zhou, Xinhua News Agency, you don't care, I said it was a bit Relationship. He said that on a few days in 1958, the Xinhua News Agency broadcast the news that the teaching of college students was better than that of teachers. After only half a year, why did they say that students learn from teachers? How inconsistent. I was suddenly attacked. I It is said that new things need to be tested, and it must be tested several times. Revolution and socialism are also experiments. To buy a pair of shoes, it needs to be tested several times. One thing is possible..." After Ji Xianlin moved into Peking University, he lived in a very special place in Cuihua Hutong.The East Factory of the Ming Dynasty was located in Cuihua Hutong.Ji Xianlin's residence is the place where the former Dongchang spies executed murders.At that time, it was a very quiet courtyard with lush trees, stone monuments, and a coffin outside the dormitory.Ji Xianlin lived in there alone, so naturally few people would look for him.My good friend Zang Kejia and his wife Zheng Man went there once, and Zheng Man couldn't help asking: "Mr. Ji, you live in such a place alone, aren't you afraid?" Ji Xianlin said: "This place is good! It's just right. Quiet to study and work, and indeed no one will disturb you!" Ji Xianlin is a healthy and long-lived old man, some people wonder if he has any health preserving skills.Ji Xianlin's answer is that I insist on the "Three Don'ts". The "Three No's Principle" refers to: no exercise, no picky eaters and no grumbling.Not exercising is not exercising for the sake of exercising. I think it is better to spend most of my time on work. It would be a pity to spend on exercising.Not picky eaters means that no matter what high fat or cholesterol is, as long as it suits your taste, you can eat it with your mouth open.If you don't murmur, you should look at everything more openly, and don't keep it in your heart.Then there is another point is "legs, hands, and brain". My secret is: never let the mind idle, and the mind must always think about problems. When the doctor asked him what he wanted, Liang Shuming said, "I'm very tired, I want to rest." After saying that, he died with his eyes closed.From this, Zhang Dainian thought: "It's a great death! The gentleman is restless."