Chapter 39 5. There are also twists and turns in the progress

When the people's regime happily took over Beiping, everything went smoothly, and the process of peaceful liberation was not without twists and turns.There are many specific examples in this regard. For example, Fu Zuoyi, who was the most important player in the process of peacefully liberating Peking, had a repetition. Few people may have imagined that on February 3, when our army held a grand entrance ceremony and everyone was jubilant, Fu Zuoyi wrote a letter to Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan, saying in the letter: I followed Chiang Kai-shek in the War of Liberation. He is guilty and should be punished by the people.Please punish me personally as a war criminal, please designate a detention center, and I will take the initiative to report for duty.

Obviously, Fu Zuoyi was full of doubts at this time, and it was completely different from his emotions during this period. Why is there such an emotion?From a deep-seated reason, as a second-level general in the Kuomintang army (according to: the highest rank in the Kuomintang army is the general, and the generals are divided into several grades. Chiang Kai-shek is a special general, and then a first-level general. The total number of first-level generals is only more than 10. Apart from veterans in the Kuomintang military circles such as Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, Li Zongren, Zhang Xueliang, He Yingqin, etc., there are only a few people such as Gu Zhutong and Chen Cheng. There are only a few second-level generals. To 20 people, most of them are veterans, such as Cheng Qian, Zhang Fakui, Zhang Zhizhong, Wei Lihuang, Liu Zhi, etc. Even Hu Zongnan, Tang Enbo and other commanders under Chiang Kai-shek are just ordinary generals. Generals such as Du Yuming, Huang Wei, Song Xilian, etc. are only lieutenant generals), as Fu Zuoyi, an executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee who has fought against our party and our army for a long time, if we want to truly walk on the same road with our party and our army, there will be no repetitions and twists and turns. It is possible, and it is impossible for him not to go through a difficult and painful process of ideological struggle.Mao Zedong saw this very clearly.It’s a bit of a coincidence to say that on February 3rd when Fu Zuoyi wrote this letter, Mao Zedong specifically urged in a telegram to Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying, and Peng Zhen: “After entering the city, please Lin Biao and Fu Zuoyi. , Deng met and talked about it once", it is estimated that there will be some problems with Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan and others, and Lin Biao and others should pay attention to do some ideological work seriously.

Of course, I don't deny that at a time when various affairs are developing rapidly and are inextricably linked, some of our comrades may not be able to handle certain issues well, and it may also cause Fu Zuoyi to misunderstand certain issues. Situation happens.For example: According to the peace agreement, our army successively released the captured senior officers of the Kuomintang Army. However, Jin Shuke, the former Deputy Security Commander of Chahar Province, and other senior military and political personnel who were captured in the Battle of Zhangjiakou were not released in time. The reason is that we The local person in charge thought that these people were very angry, so they made their own decisions and did not seriously implement the relevant instructions of their superiors.

Fu Zuoyi's family members lived in a bank dormitory in Xijiaomin Lane. The staff of the military control committee who took over the bank thought they could no longer live in the bank and asked them to move out. This made Fu Zuoyi unacceptable. One day Deng Baoshan went out of the city on business and was detained by soldiers of our army. A young soldier asked him, "Are you a reactionary?" When my newly established People's Government of Xicheng District implemented the policy of allowing all members of the KMT's military commanders and Central Commanders to register within a time limit, because they couldn't figure out the difference between military commanders and military and political personnel, they once called Fu Zuoyi in Wukesong. Fu Zuoyi and others are required to register at the office.

The above-mentioned situations were quickly reported to the joint office. After Tao Zhu learned about it, he dealt with them one by one. In addition to criticizing the relevant staff, he also went to Fu Zuoyi's office to explain to him and apologize to him.But it did not dispel the deeper doubts in his heart.In this case, a letter caused his dissatisfaction to explode.This letter was written by Mao Zedong and written to Fu Zuoyi on January 16 in the name of Commander Lin Biao of our Pingjin Front Command and Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan. At that time, because Deng Baoshan thought the wording was rather violent, it was not delivered to Fu Zuoyi in time. that letter.

On January 25, Su Jing returned to Songzhuang, Tong County, and reported to the General Front Committee of the Pingjin Front.Commissar Luo Ronghuan asked him if he had given Fu Zuoyi to read the letter that Deng Baoshan had handed over to Fu Zuoyi?Su Jing couldn't tell.Luo Ronghuan asked Su Jing to ask after returning to the city, and Fu Zuoyi must see the letter within two days.When Su Jing returned to the city, she asked Deng Baoshan about the matter. Deng Baoshan said that before handing it over, Su Jing and Deng Baoshan immediately went to visit Fu Zuoyi. It happened that Fu had a guest and Fu Zuoyi was talking with Li Minghao.When Su Jing was talking to Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan went into the inner room, handed the letter to Fu Dongju, and asked her to give the letter to Fu Zuoyi.For unknown reasons, Fu Zuoyi did not read the letter at that time.However, on the evening of January 31, my Xinhua News Agency broadcast this letter, and my People's Daily published this letter the next day.Fu Zuoyi only saw this letter addressed to him in the newspaper.Since this letter was written half a month ago when the negotiations were still in progress, when Fu Zuoyi was still hesitating about the peaceful liberation of Beiping, the wording was rather drastic (later Lin Biao called it "an ultimatum"), and now It was published publicly, which made Fu Zuoyi feel unacceptable, so he was so angry that he wrote the letter on February 3 requesting to go to the detention center.

When Xinhua News Agency broadcast this letter, it called it "Official Letter from Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan to Fu Zuoyi", and there was an "appendix". The "Additional Note" said: "This official letter was handed over to Fu Zuoyi's negotiating representatives, General Deng Baoshan and General Zhou Beifeng, at the People's Liberation Army's Pingjin Front Command on January 16, 1949. The general was determined to accept the instructions of the People's Liberation Army, and was willing to order his troops out of the city to be reorganized into the People's Liberation Army. In the following days, after several contacts, several issues concerning the transition period between the two sides were resolved. General Fu Zuoyi made the agreement on the 21st (But not completely) According to the Kuomintang Central News Agency announcement, the Fu Department began to implement the agreement on the 22nd. By today (31st), the main force of the Fu Department has been moved, and the People's Liberation Army has begun to enter the city to accept the defense of Peiping." From this "additional note", it can be seen that The purpose of Xinhua News Agency publishing this official letter was originally to review the peace process during this period, and to make this official letter public as an important document.So, what is the content of this official letter?

The full text of the "Official Letter from Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan to Fu Zuoyi" is as follows: General Fu Zuoyi: General Gui accepted the so-called "suppressing bandits and rebellion" false orders of the Nanjing Kuomintang reactionary government, and led hundreds of thousands of reactionary troops under his command to launch brutal attacks on Suiyuan, Chahar, Hebei, Rehe, the People's Liberated Areas and the People's Liberation Army in northern Shanxi.Successively captured Zhuozi Mountain, Jining, Qingshuihe, Helinger, Liangcheng, Fengzhen, Taolin, Xinghe, Shangdu, Shangyi, Zhangbei, Zhangjiakou, Xuanhua, Huailai, Zhuolu, Yangyuan, Yu County, Guangling, Tianzhen, Yanggao, Huairen, Zuoyun, Youyu, Shanyin, Yanqing, Longguan, Chongli, Chicheng, Guyuan, Kangbao, Baochang, Duolun, Huade, Lai Shui, Yixian, Wangdu, Dingxian, Hejian, Gaoyang, Renqiu, Anxin, Xiongxian, Xinzhen, Rongcheng, Suning, Lixian, Boye, Baxian, Yongqing, Gu'an, Anci , Shengfang, Gubeikou, Sanhe, Xianghe, Wuqing, Baodi, Ninghe, Yutian, Fengrun, Pinggu, Jixian, Zunhua, Xinglong, Qian'an, Lulong, Leting, Changli, Funing, Chengde, Luanping , Fengning, Longhua, Pingquan, Qinglong, Lingyuan, and Lingnan are famous cities, important towns, county governments and vast villages in the Liberated Areas.Wherever your army marched, they massacred people, raped women, burned villages, and looted property.In the areas under your army's jurisdiction, you oppress the masses of workers, farmers, soldiers, scholars, and merchants, and donate food, taxes, labor, and bone marrow for the so-called "suppressing bandits and rebellions" by your generals and their families.Under the rule of your generals and nobles, all freedoms and rights of the people are abolished, all democratic parties and people's organizations are oppressed to lose their legal status, and the patriotic movement of young students is oppressed.General Gui again ordered the destruction of public buildings and public goods in Baoding, the bombing of the Luanhe Iron Bridge on Beining Road, the destruction of villages outside Beiping City, the arrest of innocent people in Beiping City, the cutting of scenic trees, and the demolition of historical materials.The same is true of the measures taken by your general and nobles in Tianjin.The army was ordered to conquer, all for the crime of slandering the people.Your general did not dare to fight in the field, so he led hundreds of thousands of troops back into Pingjin and occupied the city to resist, causing the people of the two cities to suffer.Our army has repeatedly notified your generals and nobles, considering the lives and property of millions of people in the two cities, the cultural relics of thousands of years, the importance of the future of the country, the industry and the lives of noble officers and soldiers, and proposed to peacefully disarm or go out of the city to reorganize Two options.

On the Tianjin side, representatives of the city council went out to negotiate. Our army immediately welcomed them and raised the following points: (1) Our army hopes for a peaceful solution so that Tianjin will not be destroyed. (2) The Tianjin garrison should voluntarily lay down their weapons and guarantee not to destroy public and private property, weapons and ammunition, and official files. (3) The army guarantees the safety of life and property of all officers and soldiers who voluntarily put down their weapons and their families. (4) If the defenders are unwilling to automatically lay down their weapons and want to resist to the end, the army will take offensive action.On the day the city is broken, the reactionary leaders of the defending army will not be treated the same as the enemy officers captured by their own army when fighting in small cities and villages, and their punishment will be increased.

The representatives of the city council negotiated twice with the representatives of the army, but they were sabotaged by Chen Changjie, the commander of the city defense of Tianjin, and Lin Weichou, the commander of the 62nd Army, so that there was no result.At the last opportunity, your general ordered the defenders in Tianjin to adhere to the false order of the bandit leader Chiang Kai-shek and resist to the end.The army had no choice but to start a general offensive at 10:00 am on the 14th of this month, and ended the battle at 3:00 pm on the 15th. More than 100,000 people in your department were all disarmed, and Chen Changjie and Lin Weichou were all captured.It is enough to prove that the resistance of the defenders has no effect.Now that Tianjin has been liberated, the people see the sun again, and welcome the People's Liberation Army with thunderous cheers.Beiping has been besieged for more than a month, and the suffering of the people is increasing day by day.Our army has repeatedly postponed the attack time, hoping for a peaceful solution, but so far no results have been obtained.

As a war criminal, your general, if you still want to gain the understanding of the people and reduce the responsibilities due to your status as a war criminal, you should follow the instructions of your army at this last opportunity to seek self-redemption.The method is as follows: (1) Put down weapons automatically, and ensure that cultural relics and historic sites are not destroyed, revolutionary people are not killed, public and private property, weapons and ammunition, and official files are not destroyed.If your general and your family can do this, then our army will guarantee the safety of the lives and property of your officers and soldiers.Regarding your general's responsibility for war crimes, there are also reasons to explain the situation to the people, obtain the people's understanding, and grant relief or pardon. (2) If your general and nobles are unwilling to lay down their arms automatically, but are willing to leave the city to reorganize, then our army may also allow this in order to preserve Beiping from being destroyed.Our army can allow your army to leave Beiping, march into designated places, and be reorganized into the People's Liberation Army according to the system of the People's Liberation Army.The above two methods are up to your general and your family to choose freely.Once again, our army is willing to give your general and nobles enough time to consider and prepare.This time period is stipulated to start at 1:00 am on January 17, 1949 and end at 12:00 pm on January 21.If your general and nobles dare to brazenly disregard the proposal of our army and want to sacrifice this cultural ancient city and the lives and properties of 2 million citizens and resist to the end, then our army will save this ancient city from being destroyed by your general and your nobles. A siege will be carried out.When besieging the city, our army will use precise tactics to make the heaviest blows fall on those who dare to resist; but for nobles who are unwilling to resist, they will not give any blows and will be treated leniently.On the day the city is destroyed, your general and the reactionary leaders of your family will be punished severely, and no leniency will be tolerated. Looking back today, when the negotiations were not making much progress and just after the Tianjin campaign, Mao Zedong wrote this long letter to tell Fu Zuoyi that time was running out, and there were only two in front of him. Lu, asked him to make a quick decision, his intention and intention were correct, and his wording was a bit sharp, but also to give Fu Zuoyi a heavy punch and wake him up.However, after the peace agreement had been signed, the Kuomintang troops in the city had left the city to accept reorganization, our army had entered the city to take over the defense, and the peaceful liberation of Beiping had been achieved, Xinhua News Agency broadcast this letter to the whole country, and its actions were indeed inappropriate.Fu Zuoyi's indignation and doubts were aroused by this as a trigger, which is completely understandable. Although Fu Zuoyi had contact with our party in the past, this time he was able to resolutely participate in the peaceful liberation.However, he has not had any contact with the leaders of our party for many years, and he has never personally appeared in this peace negotiation. Based on the need to do some in-depth and meticulous ideological work on Fu Zuoyi, so that he can get closer to the people as soon as possible and cooperate with our party on a larger scale, on the afternoon of February 8, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen and Ye Jianying specially sent Fu Zuoyi Please come to Beijing Hotel.Not only is there a banquet, but also an open and honest exchange of views with him. I hope that this famous anti-Japanese general can gradually become a true friend of the Communist Party of China, and that he can make more contributions to the new China in the future.In order to have a better atmosphere for this conversation, Tao Zhu, Su Jing and Nan Hanchen were specially invited to accompany them.Among the three, Tao Zhu had the most contact with Fu Zuoyi at that time, Su Jing was our first negotiator to enter the city, and Nan Hanchen was the contact person of our party who had the most contact with Fu in the past, and he was considered an old friend. Since the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War in 1933, Fu Zuoyi had a long-term contest with the Japanese invaders on the anti-Japanese battlefield in North China. He traveled more than 900 kilometers and fought more than 290 battles.Among them, he has fought side by side with the Eighth Route Army for a long time, including the famous Pingxingguan Battle.He had met Zhou Enlai, He Long, Xiao Ke, and Cheng Zihua, generals of the Eighth Route Army, and Peng Xuefeng, who later became a famous general of the New Fourth Army, but he had never met Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, and Ye Jianying.At that time, it was their first meeting.When Fu Zuoyi came to the Beijing Hotel accompanied by Deng Baoshan, Nie Rongzhen was the first to shake hands with Fu Zuoyi warmly.Since the beginning of the War of Liberation, Nie Rongzhen has been the commander of the North China Military Region of our party, and Fu Zuoyi has been the commander-in-chief of the KMT's North China "suppression general". .Both of them showed knowing smiles and said hello to each other.Then, Lin Biao and Ye Jianying also shook hands with Fu Zuoyi. As the top leader of our party in North China at that time, Lin Biao spoke first.He fully evaluated Fu Zuoyi's active role in peacefully resolving the Peking issue, and believed that Fu Zuoyi had made important contributions to the Chinese people.Because the peaceful liberation of Peking is not only of great benefit to Peking, but also sets an example for the whole country.Lin Biao hoped that Fu Zuoyi could serve the people more in the future. The Chinese Communist Party will never treat anyone who has contributed to the people badly.After we have established a revolutionary government, we still need to develop production, and there is still a lot of work to be done. This can only be done through cooperation with friends outside the Party. Regarding the letter on January 16, Lin Biao said that this letter was actually an ultimatum to him at an important moment in the negotiations, and its content was in line with the facts of his past behavior.The reason why this letter was published afterwards was to make a conclusion about his past mistakes so that we could start a new cooperation with him after the peaceful liberation of Peking.Because we can neither obliterate today's achievements in Peking because of past crimes, nor obscure past crimes because of today's achievements in Peking. Fu Zuoyi said that in the past, he had always had great internal conflicts. Subjectively, he wanted to do things for the people, but objectively, he acted as a bodyguard for the rich.Participating in the Kuomintang's civil war is completely wrong. In the future, China will no longer be able to fight a civil war. China should be led by the Chinese Communist Party.From now on, he is willing to serve the people, and he will do what he is asked to do.As for the peaceful reorganization and the takeover of the regime, he told us not to have any worries, but to do whatever we want. The content of this conversation was very extensive. It also talked about why Fu Zuoyi and the hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops failed completely on the North China battlefield, talked about positions and democracy, and talked about the adaptation and reception at that time. The more we talked, the more harmonious we became, and the more we talked, the happier we were. When talking about the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Fu Zuoyi said: "The temporary victory lies in strength, and the eternal victory lies in reason." Everyone said that his words were justified. Deng Baoshan said: "Everyone got together today and discussed all the issues clearly at once. I benefited a lot. My wish is exactly the same as that of the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army, except that I am not a member of the Communist Party."