Chapter 3 Appendix Chronology of André Gide's Life and Creation

On November 22, André Paul Guillaume Gide was born at 19 Rue Medici (now 2 Place Edmond Rostang) in Paris.He is an only son. Father Paul Gide was born in 1832 in a Protestant family of Italian descent in Zecheng and taught at the Law School of the University of Paris.Mother Juliet Rondo was born in a wealthy bourgeois family in Rouen in 1835 and believed in Protestantism.The two married in Rouen in 1863. André enrolls at the Alsatian school in rue Daza, only to be expelled a few months later for "bad habits".Thereafter, his studies in the school system were interrupted, and he often hired tutors.

Andre has received two contradictory educations since he was a child: his mother believes that "children should obey without needing to understand why"; "my father always tends to explain everything to me clearly."His father recommended to him his favorite books, read to him Molière's dramatic stories, passages from the Odyssey, Sinbad's adventures in the Arabian Nights and the story of Ali Baba, burlesque scenes from Italian plays Wait.These readings left a deep impression on his young mind and were the seeds of his curiosity and exploration and adventurous spirit that he later expressed strongly.

On October 28, his father, Paul Gide, died. At the end of the year, little Andre went to Rouen and learned that his aunt, Mathilde Rondo, was living a prodigal life and eloped with others. His cousin Madeleine suffered a lot from this, so he developed love for her cousin. In October, Andre re-entered the Alsace middle school, entered the rhetoric class, and began to make friends with his classmate Pierre Louis (later signed Pierre Louis). In October, Andre entered the philosophy class of Henry IV Middle School, and made friends with Leon Bloom, who later became a famous politician. On March 1, his uncle Emile Rondo passed away, and Andre accompanied his cousin Madeleine to wake up. He thought it was their engagement ceremony.

In summer, Gide wrote "André Walter's Notes" alone on the shore of Lake Annecy. In December, he went to Montpellier in the south to visit his uncle, the economist Charles Gide, where he met the young poet Paul Valéry. On January 8, Madeleine rejected Gide's marriage proposal.Gide's mother also always opposed the marriage. On February 2, Gide was introduced to the poet Mallarmé by the writer Barres, and he has since become a frequent visitor to the "Tuesday Party" in Rome Street. In November, Gide met several times with Oscar Wilde who was visiting Paris.

Published "Andre Walter's Notes" and "Narcissus Explanation" at his own expense. In summer, travel to Brittany with the poet Henri de Regnier. The Poems of André Walter are published. On October 18, Gide and his friend, the young painter Albert Laurent, boarded a ship in the port of Marseilles for North Africa and traveled to Tunisia and Algeria. Published "Attempts of Love" and "Journey to Wulian". In February, Gide and Laurent returned to France via Italy. From October to December, Gide went to La Brevina, Switzerland, and wrote "Palud" in solitude, which was published the following year.

From January to May, Gide traveled again to Algeria. His mother died on May 31. On June 17, he got engaged to his cousin; on October 7-8, he got married in Couverville, and traveled for the wedding, visiting Switzerland, Italy, Tunisia and Algeria all the way, and did not return to China until May of the following year. Gide meets Henri Gaion. "Food on Earth" was published (French Mercury Publishing House). Gide traveled abroad, visiting Italy and Algeria (twice).Started to establish a correspondence relationship with the poet Claudel who was consul in China. Published the silly play "Prometheus Unbound", the literary theory "Letter to Angel" and "Excuse the topic".

He has published plays "King Candor", "Saul" and novels successively. In 1903 Gide traveled to Germany and then to Algeria. Published "Amantas" in 1906. Published "The Return of the Prodigal Son" in 1907. In 1908, Marcel Derouin, Jacques Copper, Henri Gayon, André Ruyter and Jean Schellenberg, the original crew of the discontinued "Hermitage" magazine, created "New France". Review Magazine.Gide collaborated with the literary magazine Le Hermitage from 1897 until it ceased publication in 1906. Published the novels "Oscar Wilde" and "Isabel".Published several articles in the first issue of the "New France Review" magazine.

"New France Review" played a pivotal role in the development of French literature in the 20th century, and many important writers' debut works were published in this magazine.This magazine established its own publishing house in 1911, with Gaston Gallimard as its president, which later developed into the largest publishing house in France, Gallimard Publishing House. Gide traveled with Gaion to Italy (1912) and with him to Italy, Greece and Turkey (1914). For a year and a half after the outbreak of the First World War, Gide devoted himself fully to the work of the "Franco-Belgian Maison", helping refugees from the occupied territories.

Gide had a homosexual relationship with Marc Allegre in 1916, with whom he stayed in Switzerland (1917) and Algeria for four months (1918).His wife Madeleine burned all the letters Gide wrote to her because of anger. Published (1914), Memoirs of a Felony Court (1914), (1919). Jacques Copper founded the Old Dovecote Theater (October 1913), which was affiliated with the "New French Review" magazine and became the base for theatrical reform. From February to March 1922, Gide gave six lectures at the Old Dovecote Theater on Dostoyevsky.In summer, go to the Blue Coast with the Reiselberg couple. On April 18, 1923, Gide and Elisabeth von Reiselberg's illegitimate daughter was born, named Katrin, and he did not officially recognize his daughter until his wife died in 1938.

On July 14, 1925, Gide and Marc Allegre boarded a ship to Africa, and traveled to Congo and Chad for nearly a year. After returning home, he wrote an article slamming the colonial system and the plunder of large chartered companies, which aroused parliamentary debate. The media debate, the government was forced to send personnel to investigate. Published a series of important works: "Curridon" (1925), "You Too..." on religious issues, "Counterfeiters" (1926), "A Passage to the Congo" (1927), "The Return of Chad" "(1928), "Women's School" (1929).

Gide travels to Germany and Tunisia (1930).Gide and Malraux went to Berlin (January 4, 1934) to ask Goebbels to release Dimitrov, the leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party; in February of the same year, Gide joined the "Vigilance Committee of the Anti-Fascist Writers League"; Travel to Central Europe in August. On January 4, 1935, at the "League for the Truth" in Paris, a public debate was held on the topic "André Gide and our time". From March to April, traveled to Spain and Morocco with Dutch Communist writer Ding Last. In June, Gide presided over the "Congress of Writers to Defend Culture in the World" held in Paris. Published novel "Robel" (1930), play "Oedipus" (1931), "Diary 1929-1932" and "New Food" (1935). "The Complete Works of Gide" was published in 1932, and until 1939, fifteen volumes were interrupted due to the war. Gide began to care about the progress of Soviet politics and society from 1932, and became more and more sympathetic and close to communism. On June 17, 1936, Gide was invited by the Soviet government (through the Soviet Writers Association) to visit together with several young writers. It lasted more than two months and returned to China to write an article criticizing the policies of the Soviet authorities. Gide traveled again to French West Africa (1938), then to Greece and Egypt, and then to Senegal (1939).Shortly after the war broke out, Gide went to live with friends in the south. Published the novels "Geneviève" (1936), "New Diary" and "Return from the Visit to the Soviet Union" (1936). "Diary 1889-1939" was included in the classic "Seven Star Library", setting a precedent for living writers. Gide severed ties with the New France Review (1941) because Drieux-La Rochelle had dragged the magazine into the politics of cooperation with Germany. On May 4, 1942, Gide boarded a ship to stay in Tunisia for a year, then went to Algiers for a few months, and then went to Morocco, where he stayed at a friend's house for more than two years. On April 16, 1946, he gave an important lecture on "Literary Memories and Real Problems" in Beirut. Published "Drama Collection" (1942), "Diary 1939-1942" (New York, 1944), "Theseus" (New York, 1946). In June 1947, Gide was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Cambridge, and in November he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. From January to April 1949, "Conversations of Gide" was recorded by Jean Unrush, which was broadcast on French radio from November 10 to December 30. In 1950, Marc Allegre made the film "With André Gide". On December 13, at the Comédie Française for the first time. Published "The Complete Works of Drama" (1947), "Correspondence with Francis Jamm" (1948), "Correspondence with Paul Claudel" (1949), "Autumn Leaves Collection" (1949) , "Diary 1942-1949" (1950). In January 1951, a trip to Morocco was planned. Gide died of pneumonia in Paris on February 19 at the age of 82.