Chapter 14 Chapter Thirteen Humor: Talent and Inspiration Flash in Words

Humor is a comprehensive manifestation of human ability, will, personality and interest.It is the seasoning of socializing. With humor, socializing can make people feel mellow, meaningful and sweet.It is a magnet with strong gravitational force. With social humor, it will suck scattered hearts into its magnetic field and make others smile happily.It is the spark of wisdom, the brilliance of the wise man's inspiration; it is a high-level funny product, humor may not make you laugh out loud, but it can cause you to smile. In terms of variety, humor is as colorful as laughter, it comes in kind, grim, friendly, sad, touching, aggressive, deadpan, innuendo, malicious, mocking, provocative Gentle, gentle, innocent, witty, etc., whether it is ridiculed, ridiculed, sympathetic or purely absurd, the interest must come from the heart. More than that which springs from the mind.Only in this way can it symbolize the outstanding mental strength with a sense of vividness and life, and shake out the warmth and brilliance of the soul.

Humor can be divided into the following types, and different people have their own appreciation for humor. 1. Philosophical humor People with a penchant for philosophy, religion, etc. will react strongly to this.They can often laugh at their own weaknesses.It is not a masochist who is interested in this type of humor, but an openness to admit and appreciate one's own weaknesses and to look beyond them, an amiable humility. Consider the punch line below: College students ask a famous economist to define terms like recession, depression, and panic. "It's not difficult," the expert replied. "During a 'recession' people need to tighten their belts. During a 'depression' it's hard to get belts for pants. When people don't have pants, the 'panic' starts."

2. Absurd humor It's the perfect "stupidity" that breaks free from rationality in an unexpectedly unique way.This kind of humor never comes from a fool's mind, but from a high degree of intelligence.People who like this type have developed rational thinking and pursue spiritual freedom. Once, the British writer Charles Dickens was fishing when a stranger walked up to him and asked, "Sir, do you fish?" "Yes," Dickens replied without hesitation, "I fished for a long time today, but I didn't see a single fish; but yesterday, also in this place, I caught 15 fish!"

"Really?" asked the stranger, "Then do you know who I am? I specialize in patrolling and secretly fishing, and fishing is prohibited here!" As he said that, the stranger took out a ticket from his pocket, and wanted to write down the fine for Dickens.Seeing this scene, Dickens hurriedly asked: "Then, do you know who I am?" When the stranger was still surprised and confused, Dickens said bluntly: "I am the writer Dickens, you can't fine me, because fictional stories are my profession." 3. Social satire This is a mockery of the social atmosphere and some dark sides of human nature.People who love this kind of skits treat the world with a half detachment and half indifference.Appreciators of this kind of humor often view themselves and human beings with a broader perspective, the so-called "God's vision", and become free and detached observers of themselves and human destiny.

In 1717, Voltaire was imprisoned in the Bastille for 11 months for mocking the regent, the Duke of Orléans.After he was released from prison, the philosopher who had suffered enough knew that this person could not be offended, so he went to ask him to be magnanimous, regardless of the past.The regent was well aware of Voltaire's influence, and was eager to turn his quarrel into friendship.So both of them made many well-placed apologies.Finally, Voltaire once again expressed his gratitude and said: "Your Majesty, you are really helpful and have solved the problem of board and lodging for me for such a long time. I sincerely thank you again. But from now on, you don't have to worry about this matter again." Worry about it for me."

4. Gag-like "babbling" It's light-hearted self-entertainment.For those young people who are just beginning to experience the taste of reasoning and are not deeply involved in world affairs, this may be of great interest. Mark Twain was complaining about his headache one day in Richmond, USA.A local person said to him: "It may be because of the food you eat and the air you breathe in Richmond. There is no healthier city than Richmond. Our death rate is now reduced to Alone." Mark Twain immediately said to the man: "Please go to the newspaper office immediately and see if the damned person is dead today?"

The forms and varieties of humor are colorful, which shows that human humor art is enduring and vigorous.When we are attracted by it, we should see: Like most things in the world, humor has different qualities, some are noble and elegant, enlightening people's minds; some are vulgar and harmful to youth.For those who use the power of humor, rational judgment and perspective are very necessary. The British philosopher Bacon once said: "He who is good at talking must be good at humor." Humorous and witty conversation, no matter in daily life or in important social occasions, are inseparable.Humor in speech refers to the use of language conditions in our conversation to show humorous and witty interest in things.A humorous conversation can not only attract the attention of the listener, but also establish an intimate relationship with the listener.If your words can make the listener can't help laughing, it shows that the listener has fully entered into the exchange of thoughts with you.So people say that humorous conversation is one of the signs of eloquence.

There was a beautiful and romantic actress in England who wrote a letter to George Bernard Shaw to marry him, expressing that she did not think Bernard Shaw was old and ugly.She wrote in the letter: "Our descendants have your wisdom and my appearance, it must be perfect." George Bernard Shaw wrote back to her, saying that her imagination was wonderful, "But, what if the child born looks like me and has wisdom like you?" George Bernard Shaw, the master, combined profound philosophy with humorous conversation.It can be said that in life, everyone likes to chat with those who are humorous and witty, and people with good eloquence almost have such witty language and a strong sense of humor.

The British writer Hazlitt once compared the role of humor in conversation to the seasoning in cooking, which is very appropriate.It shows that humor is absolutely indispensable in conversation.Although there is much substance in what you say, it will be tasteless and lack charm without humor.While humor can keep listeners interested in what you have to say, it's not food, so it rarely changes a listener's attitude fundamentally.Therefore, we should neither underestimate the role of humor nor overestimate it. Humor plays many roles in conversation, which can be mainly divided into the following aspects.

1. Adjust the atmosphere and shorten the distance A good speaker's humorous words often not only enliven the atmosphere, but also shorten the distance with the listener.Therefore, countless examples can prove that humor is an effective way and means to establish a harmonious relationship between the speaker and the listener. Such a thing happened during the Thought Remolding Movement in the 1950s.Due to the rough style of some grassroots cadres, an old professor committed suicide by throwing himself into the river (because he was discovered in time, he was rescued).After Chen Yi found out, he called the relevant cadres to severely criticize them and asked them to take the initiative to apologize.Later, at a meeting of senior intellectuals attended by the old professor, Chen Yi said: "I said you, you have been studying for a lifetime, and you were confused for a while. Is the Communist Party's ideological remolding just to kill you? We just want to Help everyone unload the burden and move forward together with the workers and peasants. Why do you want to deal with the Dragon Lord instead of making friends with me, Chen Yi? You should call me if you want to throw yourself into the river, let's discuss it! Of course Well, this incident is mainly due to grassroots cadres who do not understand the policy, and also to blame me, Chen Yi, for not being educated enough..."

Chen Yi's remarks enlivened the atmosphere, enhanced the intimacy of the language, and made the criticism and self-criticism contained in it seem so natural and decent, easy to be accepted by others. 2. Get rid of difficulties and eliminate embarrassment Humorous conversation can often make cramped and embarrassing scenes relaxed and gentle, so that both parties can get out of the predicament and eliminate embarrassment. The famous American novelist Mark Twain once went to a certain town.Before leaving, he was told that the mosquitoes there were particularly severe.When he arrived in that small town, just as he was checking in at the hotel, a mosquito hovered right in front of Mark Twain.The clerk showed embarrassment and hurriedly drove away the mosquitoes. But Mark Twain said to the staff nonchalantly: "The mosquito in your place is much smarter than the legend. It will pre-watch my room number so that it can visit at night and have a good meal." Everyone couldn't help laughing.As a result, Mark Twain slept very soundly that night.It turned out that the hotel staff listened to Mark Twain's speech, and all the staff mobilized together to try to prevent this beloved writer from being bitten by "smart mosquitoes". 3. Expose shortcomings and conduct critical education Humor uses innuendo and irony to reveal the shortcomings of others wittily, flexibly and subtly, to criticize in good faith, to make it difficult for people to get angry, and to receive education in laughter. Once, the great biologist Darwin was invited to a dinner.At the banquet, he happened to sit side by side with a young and beautiful lady. "Mr. Darwin," the beauty sitting next to him questioned the scientist in a playful tone, "I heard that you assert that human beings evolved from monkeys. Do I also belong to your assertion?" "Of course!" Darwin replied politely. "Am I like a monkey?" said the Beauty, a little mockingly. "However, you were not transformed from an ordinary monkey, but from a very beautiful monkey." Here, Darwin tactfully and subtly exposed the ignorance and pretentiousness of this beautiful lady, and criticized him kindly. 4. Judge right and wrong, comprehend philosophy Humor skillfully combines human wisdom and language skills in speaking, reveals the profound meaning of things, is rich in philosophy, and contains inexhaustible meaning beyond words, making people judge right and wrong with a smile, comprehend philosophy, and increase wisdom. A young painter visited the famous German painter Adolf Menzel and complained to him: "I really don't understand why it only takes me a while to paint a painting, but it takes a whole year to sell it." "Try it upside down, dear." Menzel said earnestly. "If you spend a year painting it, you can sell it in just one day." Menzel's humorous words do contain endless meaning beyond words, making people judge right and wrong with a smile and increase their wisdom. 5. Relax spirit, feel the beauty Someone said: "A language without humor is a document, and a person without a sense of humor is a statue." This is very insightful.Today's society is high-efficiency, fast-paced, and full of information, which will inevitably make people's brains prone to fatigue.If we have more laughter and humor in our lives, we will eliminate people's restlessness and maintain emotional balance.Talking, in a way, is entertaining.It should not make people feel tense and strenuous, but should give people a sense of comfort and relaxation. There was a rich man who made a rule: every farmer who met him had to salute, otherwise he would be whipped. One day, Avanti passed by here and ran into a rich man. "Why don't you salute me, poor boy!" the rich man was furious. "Why should I salute you?" "I am the richest. If you are rich, you have power. Poor boy, you have to salute me, or I will beat you." Avanti stood still. There were more and more people watching, and the rich man felt guilty, so he said to Afanti in a low voice: "Well, I have a hundred dollars in my pocket. I'll give you fifty dollars, and you can just salute me." !" Afanti slowly put the money into his pocket and said, "Now you have fifty dollars, and I have fifty dollars, so why should I salute you?" The people around laughed, and the rich man was so angry and impatient, he pulled out the remaining fifty yuan at once: "Listen, if you listen to me, then I will give you the fifty yuan too." !" Avanti accepted the fifty yuan again, and then said solemnly: "Well, now I have a hundred yuan, but you have no penny. If you have money, you will have power. Salute to me!" The rich man was dumbfounded. Although Avanti's story has the color of fable, his words are indeed amusing and give people a beautiful enjoyment. Like all forces in the world, the power of humor is not omnipotent, but it can really help your life.It helps you look at the surrounding environment and personal life with new eyes, helps you face up to and properly estimate and deal with the problems that trouble you, helps you fill your relationship with others with warmth and harmony, and helps you turn many impossible things into reality. as possible... 1. Help you succeed There are many conditions that must be met to achieve success in work and career, but it is an indisputable fact that humor can help you improve your relationship with others and promote your success. Henry, the young and promising president of the Ford Motor Company of the United States, through a series of changes and innovations, reversed the passive situation of the company with a monthly loss of 9 million US dollars in one fell swoop.Someone asked him because he had done some wrong things in the process of reform, "What if you start from scratch?" Henry replied heartily: "I don't think there will be any extraordinary actions. Success is learned through mistakes and failures, so if I were to start all over again, I would just have to make some different mistakes." Henry's humorous language shows his frankness and sincerity, which is also one of the important reasons for his successful career. 2. Help you solve problems Humor, most importantly, helps us relieve tension at work and solve difficult problems in life. On the outskirts of a big city, there is a large-scale chemical plant.This factory produced a chemical product all year round, and a lot of smoke and dust came out from the chimney, causing several nearby enterprises to suffer from smoke and dust.During overtime production in a chemical factory, the director of a factory next door said half-jokingly: "They are so busy in production, how to deal with the smoke and dust?" The director of the chemical factory also said half-jokingly: "We plan to At the same time, I will order an extra-large plastic bag from the packaging factory, and use a helicopter to lift the bag over the chimney to cover it.” The humorous words of the two factory managers made them We reached an understanding with each other, and laughed together, and the tension gradually eased. 3. To relieve your pain Face yourself with a relaxed attitude and face life with a serious attitude.If we do the opposite, we will have troubles.An immature personality often consists in seeing oneself as the center of human interaction, while maturity comes with seeing oneself in proper relation to the group. In the 1950s, there was a cross talk about a man suffering from appendicitis. The doctor operated on him, and the appendicum was cut off.After the patient recovered, the lower abdomen still had pain from time to time. After examination, it turned out that the doctor left the surgical scissors in it, so he operated again.Afterwards, the patient still felt flatulence in the abdomen. After examination, it turned out that the gauze was forgotten in the abdomen again, so another operation was performed.So the patient said to the doctor: "It would be more convenient for you to put a zipper on my stomach!" The key to turning pain into humor is entering a supposed state of absence of physical pain.With this, everything that is not related suddenly becomes consistent with a little correlation. There is a proverb in our country "Smile, ten years less".It can be seen that laughter is beneficial and harmless to human beings.Humor, as a medium of laughter, causes people to laugh. For example, there is a satirical sketch titled "The Knack of Squeezing Traffic", which is written wittily but not superficially.Let's take a look at some of the highlights below: Despite the increase in vehicles, the construction of subways, and the expansion of the ring road... how can it catch up with the speed of life!Therefore, commuting to and from get off work has become a "knowledge". Let's talk about getting in the car first. When the car comes, the best policy is to "grab a seat" - just like "grabbing a spot" on the court.Accurately calculate the location, and park the car door next to you, you can get the benefit of "occupying the essentials first", of course, you must resist!The trick here is: lean your upper body towards the direction of the oncoming car, keep your footing steady, and never be swept away by the flow of people coming with the car (fortunately, there are people behind you to help you).The middle policy is "welt".The layman was facing the door of the car, swarming around, wasting his energy in vain.In particular, Beijing is different from other places. In Harbin, "the capable is king" when getting on the bus. Shanghainese care about their face, but they yell at every turn, which makes you unwilling to fight.Beijingers want to talk about style and get on the bus quickly, so the front of the car door is not a good place to go.Have you ever noticed that when washing the car, the conductor never has to wipe the sides of the door—there are all wiped clean by the shrewd crowd!Stick to the side, put on a calm look, and push the "rootless" people away bit by bit. As long as you grab the door, you will win.The worst policy can be called "hanging up".Ordinary people, seeing the grinning scene inside and outside the car door, have already retreated.As for the driver, as long as the door cannot be closed, he dare not leave the car rashly.At this time, you put your toes into the door of the car (don't put your head first), then lean close to the door and "hug" in, it will work... Seeing this passage, everyone who squeezed past the car burst into laughter.The author observes carefully and has a clear understanding of the customs of various places, making people feel as if they are in the scene when reading. Suffering is really ingenious. Most people feel that the problem of getting older is also an inextricable trouble. Look at how others treat this problem with humor: the famous orator Robert said: "I strive to die when I am young." In private and in public, he takes his age lightly and is known for having a young and interesting heart.Therefore, on his 70th birthday, he also signed a five-year speaking contract. It can be seen that humor can broaden people's mind and prolong life. The humor of the Chinese nation has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, when a hundred schools of thought were contending, the courts of various countries had a tendency to use the best, and the nobles raised their own entertainers who made "funny jokes" as their careers.For example, in "Historical Records Funny Biographies", "Youmeng remonstrated with King Zhuang of Chu that he is a slut and a horse", and he used the "return to fallacy" to make the King of Chu aware of "the fault of the widow".You Meng also suggested that the king of Chu "bury" the horse with a "rich gift", and send the "burial" into the stomach of the people.Youmeng's joking words are very humorous.These records about the pre-Qin period have left a profound impact on later generations. 1. Humor in The first collection of poems in our country, the humor in the poems can be seen in many satirical poems and love poems. For example, the poem "Beifeng Xintai" exposed and satirized a scandal of Wei Xuangong at that time.Wei Xuangong planned to marry a woman named Xuan Jiang from Qi State as his wife for his son.Later, when Duke Xuan heard that the woman was very beautiful, he built a gorgeous new platform on the river, and intercepted Xuan Jiang, the daughter of Qi, as his wife.The people of Weiguo wrote poems to satirize this scandal.The whole poem is divided into three chapters, and the last chapter is as follows: When the fishing net is set up, the hunger will leave it.Yan Wan's request was given by Qi Shi. Poems use the tone of Qi Nu to satirize.It is said that Zhang set up the net for fishing, but he met a toad; he wanted to find a good man, but he married an ugly husband.The image metaphor, laughing and cursing, not only peeled off the face of the ruler Wei Xuangong, but also achieved the effect of humor and satire. 2. Humor in "Laughing Forest" During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, philosophy was liberated again, thinking was very active, and humor rose again.A collection of jokes "Laughing Forest" appeared in our country, which was written by Han Changchun, a native of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms.Such as: In the Han Dynasty, there were people who were old and childless, rich in family, and frugal in nature.Poor clothing and vegetable food, rising in the morning and resting in the night, managing property, accumulating insatiably, and not daring to use it for oneself.Or someone who begs for a beggar has no choice but to enter the house, take ten coins, come out from the hall, and reduce it at every step, and compare it to the outside, only half of it is left.Close your eyes to teach beggars.Xunfu asked: "I will give my family to support the king, be careful not to say it, and come back to follow suit." This short joke, mocking the miserliness of the exploiting class, has the witty and bitter style of folk jokes.These jokes preceded the humorous writing of later generations, and some stories also have certain social significance. 3. Humor in "Shi Yu Xin Shuo" Written by Liu Yizhuang in the Southern Dynasties, the content records the anecdotes and conversations of celebrities and scholars from the Han, Wei, and Eastern Jin Dynasties. The book contains more than a thousand quotations, most of which are speech fragments in response to the conversations of Qing talkers.For example, there is such a sentence in "Ya Liang": Gu He began to work for Yangzhou. On the first day of the month, when he was in the dynasty, he stopped outside the gate of the state before entering the Qing Dynasty.Prime Minister Zhou Houyi, Li and the side of the car, and Mi Li remained motionless.After Zhou passed, he turned back, pointing to Gu Xin and saying, "What's in it?" Gu Bo louse remained the same, and Xu Ying said, "The most unpredictable thing is in this." After Zhou Hou entered, the prime minister said: "Qingzhou officials There is a servant." A large amount of space is used to record the strange interests and mysterious talks of celebrities, which is an important material for us to study "Wei and Jin Dynasties".These celebrities flaunt "graciousness" and "boldness", and pay attention to "tolerance" and "knowledge", and even "Ren Dan" and "Jane Ao" have become a kind of lofty reputation.This so-called magnanimity is actually ridiculous. In the Ming Dynasty, humor broke through the cage of the "ritual" system and the shackles of the "Confucianism" and grew extremely vigorously, creating another important period in the history of Chinese humor.Mr. Wang Liqi compiled "A Collection of Jokes of Past Dynasties", which is quite rich in content, from Wei to Qing, with a total of 1850 pieces, which can prove the strong interest of the times. 4. Humor in Wu Chengen's in the Ming Dynasty was based on folklore and rap stories, which were processed and rewritten.The novel uses fictional and exaggerated artistic techniques to describe the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong making troubles in heaven and hell, assisting Tang Monk in learning Buddhist scriptures, and exorcising monsters through a fantasy mythical world.Monkey King has great powers, a sense of justice and the spirit of resistance and struggle.The Jade Emperor, the Dragon King or the King of Hades, he doesn't look down on them all, and even dares to laugh at the "boundless magic power" of the Western Buddha Tathagata.Wukong protected Tang Seng to learn scriptures, and was blocked by countless monsters along the way. He was not afraid of difficulties, was tenacious and unyielding, brave and optimistic.His optimistic and cheerful personality makes his language and actions full of humor, and often wins people's laughter. The other two famous novels of the Ming Dynasty, "The Story", also depict many vivid and humorous characters, and many vivid and humorous details.For example, the description of Zhang Fei angrily whipping the governor in the second chapter "Zhang Yide whipped the governor in anger, and He Guoshu conspired to punish the eunuch": Zhang Fei was furious, opened his round eyes, gritted his steel teeth, rolled off his horse, and went straight into the post. .Zhang Fei yelled: "Harming the people and thieves! Do you recognize me?" Before Duyou could speak, Zhang Fei grabbed his hair and pulled him out of the post until he was tied to the horse post in front of the county; he climbed down the wicker and went to Duyou He whipped vigorously on both legs, breaking off dozens of wicker branches in succession. Another example is the thirty-eighth chapter "Decision-making in Longzhong, Revenge against the Sun Family in the Yangtze River", when Xuande visited Kongming for the third time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stood outside for a long time without seeing any movement, but they still stood there when they entered Xuande.Please read Zhang Fei's words: Zhang Fei was furious, and said to Yun Chang: "How arrogant this gentleman is! Seeing my elder brother standing on the steps, he is lying on a high bed, unable to sleep! Let me go to the back of the house and set a fire to see if he can't get up!" Zhang Fei's individual words are so funny and full of humor, which makes his image more vivid and lifelike. 5. Humor in Li Kui in the novel is also a particularly vivid image.Chapter 73 "Black whirlwind cleverly catches ghosts, Liang Shanbo both present their heads", Li Kui heard that Song Jiang had taken the grandpa's daughter, and wanted to ask Song Jiang for it back.Please see what is stated in the book: Li Kui and Yan Qing looked straight at Liangshanbo until they reached the Hall of Loyalty and Justice.When Song Jiang saw Li Kui and Yan Qing coming back, he asked, "Brother, where did you two come from? You have missed a lot of roads, and you are here now." Xinghuangqi smashed the words "walking for the sky" into pieces, and everyone was surprised.Song Jiang shouted: "What is the black guy doing?" Li Kui took a pair of axes, rushed to the hall, and ran to Song Jiang... Li Kui said: "I often treat you like a man, but you are a beast! You have done such a good thing !" In the seventy-fifth chapter of "Living Yan Luo reversed the boat and stole the imperial wine, and the black whirlwind scolded the imperial envoy", Chen Taiwei went to Liangshanbo to recruit, but Li Kui disappeared. The book wrote: Xiao Rang had just finished reading it, and Song Jiang was already angry. He saw Li Kui, the black whirlwind, jumping down from the beam. Beat... Li Kui said: "Your emperor, I don't know all the heroes here, and recruiting gentlemen, I want to be bigger! Your emperor's surname is Song, and my brother's surname is Song. You can be the emperor, but my brother can't be the emperor." You don't want to annoy my Hei Daddy, at least kill all your officials who wrote the imperial edict." Everyone came to explain their advice and pushed Hei Xuanfeng out of the hall. These funny and humorous language actions vividly depict Li Kui's personality traits of hating evil as a hatred and resolutely opposing Zhao'an. 6. Humor in In the famous classics of Chinese Qing Dynasty literature, there are many stories that shine with humor and brilliance, which are still hilarious to read.For example, in the 40th chapter "Two Banquets of Shi Taijun in the Grand View Garden, Golden Mandarin Duck and Three Proclamations of the Teeth Order", Grandma Liu's humor leads to the "picture of group laughter", which can be called "the smile of the ages".It can also be seen that Cao Xueqin is humorous.The text describes it like this: Then Grandma Liu took her seat, picked up the chopsticks, and did not put her hands down... Grandma Liu saw it and said, "This fork is heavier than our shovel. How can I move it?" laugh it out…… When Jia's mother said "please", Grandma Liu stood up and said loudly: "Old Liu, Lao Liu, eats as much as a cow, eats an old sow, and doesn't look up!" , staring straight in the eyes, not saying a word.Everyone was startled at first, but after thinking about it, everyone burst into laughter.Xiangyun didn't move his palm, and spit out a sip of tea.Daiyu laughed out of breath, leaning on the table and calling "Ouch!" Baoyu rolled into Jiamu's arms, and Jiamu hugged her with a smile and called "heart and liver", Mrs. Wang smiled and pointed at Sister Feng, but she was speechless .Aunt Xue couldn't hold it anymore, and the tea in her mouth sprayed Tanchun's skirt.Tanchun's tea bowls were all on Yingchun's body.Xichun got out of the seat, took his nurse and told her to "rub the intestines".There was no one in the underground who didn't bend down, some hid out and squatted laughing, and some came up to change clothes for their sisters holding back their laughter... Grandma Liu picked up the chopsticks, but she didn't listen, and said: "The chickens here The son is also handsome, and this egg is also small and cute, so handsome. I will have one!" Everyone stopped laughing, and when they heard this, they laughed again... Grandma Liu's frankness, her language style, her behavior and speech are completely different from the "norms" in the Grand View Garden. They have never been seen or heard by the group of Grand View Garden. It will arouse their interest and win them "belly laughs". Cao Xueqin also deliberately portrayed Liu's grandma's humor in a complementary and opposite way.In the fortieth chapter, at the end, after the sisters have finished checking the mandarin duck’s tooth cards, Grandma Liu is asked to answer. The book reads: Yuanyang smiled and said: "The 'four four' on the left is a 'person'." After hearing this, Grandma Liu thought for a long time and said, "It's a farmer!" Red." Grandma Liu said: "The fire burned the caterpillars." Yuanyang laughed and said, "The 'Mosi' on the right is so beautiful." Grandma Liu said: "A radish and a head of garlic." Everyone laughed again.The mandarin duck said with a smile, "It's a flower when you make it together." Grandma Liu compared her hands and wanted to laugh, but she held on and said, "When the flower fell, it became a big pumpkin." Can't help but laugh out loud. From these wonderful humorous stories, we can easily see that in the Qing Dynasty, the ability to create and appreciate humor had been greatly developed. 7. Modern Humor After the Revolution of 1911, the May 4th Movement violently swept away feudal ideology under the banner of science and democracy, and the introduction of Western culture transformed and renewed Eastern culture.During this period, various artistic styles were more or less "infiltrated" and influenced.The humorous and ironic style "zawen" is derived from prose; the "art of laughter" in folk art - cross talk has matured; the "comedy" in drama has finally taken shape.There have been several big discussions on "humor" and "laughter" in the ideological and cultural circles.The art masters headed by Lu Xun, Lao She, and Qian Zhongshu have brought the art of humor to a new stage. For example, Mr. Lu Xun's essays, and three volumes (namely, Qiejieting Zawen and its second volume and the final edition), are just when the reactionary forces are stepping up their suppression of freedom of speech, and some newspaper editors issued an appeal, asking the author to talk less about politics and more about romance. Under the circumstances, with flexible tactics, from a wider range of themes, from many small life phenomena, with the writing style of laughing and scolding, to see through the social life at that time, so as to expose the darkness. Although the humorous tradition of the Chinese nation has a long history, compared with the West, the Chinese nation is not a nation that is good at humor. Therefore, we should carry forward the tradition, "use the past for the present, and use the foreign for my country" to enhance the humorous character of our culture.In recent years, the development of humor is unprecedented. Hundreds of "Humorous Stories Collection" and "Laughing Quotations" have been published; a large number of specialized magazines "Satire and Humor" and newspaper "Zawen Bao" have been published; , Comedy movies, comics... won the most audiences, viewers and readers, and made the art of humor reach a new peak. There are ten techniques of humor: 1. Big words and small usages Writer Feng Jicai visited the United States. A very friendly Chinese couple brought their child to visit. When the two sides had a good conversation, Feng Jicai suddenly found that the child was wearing leather shoes and jumped on the bed sheet.This is a very unpleasant thing, and the child's parents are unaware of it.At this time, any dissatisfied words or actions may cause embarrassment for both parties.How to get the child out of bed? Feng Jicai solved it easily. Relying on his experience and adaptability, he humorously said to the child's mother: "Please bring the child back to the earth." Both the host and the guest smiled knowingly, and the matter was successfully resolved. Here Feng Jicai only played tricks, replacing "floor" with "earth", but the whole meaning is quite different.The floor is relative to walls, ceilings, tables, beds, and the earth is relative to the sun, moon, stars, etc. The concept of "earth" integrates the spiritual space of both the host and the guest into the background of the vast universe.At this time, the contradiction between the child's shoes and the white sheets is downplayed by the relationship between the child and the earth. Technical essentials: The so-called "big words and small uses" method is to use some words with heavy semantic weight and large semantic range to express some small and minor things, and to use the original meaning of the words used and the connotation of the things described. The great discrepancy creates a relationship where the words do not match the truth and the contrast is out of balance, which leads to the humor that makes people laugh. 2. Joking and ridicule There was one guy who had a great sense of humor and was great at compliments.One day, he invited a few friends to his home for a gathering, ready to display his expertise.He waited at the door, and when his friends came one after another, he asked one by one, "How did you get here?" "I came by taxi," said the first friend. "Ah, so luxurious!" The second friend listened and joked: "I came here by plane!" "Ah, superb!" The third friend rolled his eyes: "I came here by rocket!" "Ah, the bravest!" A fourth friend said frankly: "I came here by bicycle." "Very good, so simple!" The fifth friend said shyly, "I came here on foot." "Great, walking can exercise your body, it's so healthy!" The sixth friend made a difficult question on purpose: "I crawled here!" "Oh, sure enough!" The seventh friend said sarcastically: "I came here on a roll!" The host was not in a hurry, and said, "Ah, you are so thoughtful!" Everyone laughed. The master's playful humor is purely self-protective, almost non-aggressive, and shows his wit of empathy and impromptu wit. Essentials of technique: The method of "joking and humor" refers to humor techniques that are very aggressive, or superficially aggressive, but not actually offensive.The more aggressive people are, the stronger they are, and the less aggressive they are toward distant people.In short, the jokes are witty and philosophical jokes, the purpose of which is to increase your intimacy with the other party. 3. Distorted humor A distorted interpretation is a distorted, absurd interpretation. Three mothers spoke proudly of their children, with the first saying: "The reason why I believed my Ming could be an engineer was because no matter what toys I bought him, he took them apart. " 第二位说：“我为我的儿子感到骄傲。他将来一定会成为出色的律师，因为他现在总爱和别人吵架。” 第三位：“我儿子将来一定会成为一名医生，这是毫无疑问的，因为他现在体弱多病。俗话说'久病成良医'。” 读到这儿，我们都会忍俊不禁。这种幽默的力量是从哪里来的呢？很显然，是从这三位母亲的滑稽的解释中得来的。如果说儿子能当上工程师是因为喜欢用积木搭桥盖房子，说儿子能当律师是因为喜欢法官的大盖帽，说儿子能当医生是因为他常玩给布娃娃打针的游戏，那就没有多少幽默可言了。这种解释是从生活的常理中来的，人们听来毫不觉得意外，所以并不可笑。而这里的三位母亲却都跳出了这些常理的框框，给这些问题找到了一个似是而非、牛头不对马嘴的解释，结果和原因之间显得那样不相称，那样荒谬，两者之间造成了巨大反差，于是形成了幽默感。 技法要领：俗话说，理儿不歪，笑话不来。“歪解幽默”法就是以一种轻松、调侃的态度，随心所欲地对一个问题进行自由自在的解释，硬将两个毫不沾边的东西捏在一起，以造成一种不和谐、不合情理、出人意料的效果，在这种因果关系的错位和情感与逻辑的矛盾之中，产生幽默的技巧。 4.借语作桥法 英国作家理查德·萨维奇患了一场大病，幸亏医生医术高明，才使他转危为安。但他却无法付清欠下的医药费。最后医生登门催讨。 医生：“你要知道，你是欠了我一条命的，我希望有价报偿。” “这个我明白。”萨维奇说：“为了报答你，我将用我的生命来偿还。”说罢，他给医生递过去两卷本《理查德·萨维奇的一生》。 作家这样说就比向对方表示拒绝或恳求缓期付款要有趣得多。其方法并不复杂，不过是接过对方的词语（生命），然后加以歪解，把“生命”变成“一生”。显然，二者在内涵上并不一致，但在概念上能挂上钩就成。 技法要领：“借语作桥”法是指交谈中，一方从另一方的话语中抓住一个词语，以此为过渡的桥梁，并用它组织成自己的一句对方不愿听的话，反击对方。 作为过渡桥梁要有一个特点，那就是两头相通，且要契合自然，一头与本来的话头相通，另一头与所要引出的意思相通，并以天衣无缝为上。“借语作桥”在于接过话头以后，还要展开你想象的翅膀，敢于往脱离现实的地方想，往荒唐的、虚幻的地方想。千万别死心眼、傻乎乎，越是敢于和善于胡说八道，越是惹人喜爱。 5.推理幽默法 有人请阿凡提去讲道。阿凡提走上讲坛，对大家说：“我要跟你们讲什么，你们知道吗？” “不，阿凡提，我们不知道。”大伙说。 “跟不知道的人我要说什么呢，还说什么呢？” 阿凡提说完，走下讲坛便离开了。 后来，阿凡提又被请来。他站到讲坛上问：“喂，乡亲们！我要跟你们说什么，你们知道么？”学乖了的人们马上齐声回答：“知道！” “你们知道了，我还说什么呢？”阿凡提又走了。 当阿凡提第三次登上讲台，又把上两次的问题重复一遍后，那些自作聪明的人一半高喊：“不知道！”另一半则喊：“知道！” 他们满以为这下可难住阿凡提了，哪知道，阿凡提笑了笑说：“那么，让知道的那一半人讲给不知道的另一半人听好了！”说着扬长而去。 阿凡提的过人之处就在于他利用“知道”与“不知道”这两个不具体而虚幻的原因，从而推理出与大家希望完全相反的结果，以不变应万变，不管对方如何变幻情况，理由也跟着变幻，而行为却一点不变。这就是“推理幽默”法使你在社交中能够超凡脱俗、潇洒自如的妙处。 技法要领：“推理幽默”法是借助片面的、偶然的因素，构成歪曲的推理。它主要是利用对方不稳定的前提或自己假定的前提，来推理引申出某种似是而非的结论和判断。它不是常理逻辑上的必然结果，而是走入歧途的带有偶然性和意外性的结果。 6.反语幽默法 “反语幽默”法是造成含蓄和耐人寻味的幽默意境的重要语言手段之一。简言之，就是故意说反语，或正语反说，或反语正说。 《镀金时代》是美国幽默大师马克·吐温的杰作。它彻底揭露了美国政府的腐败和政客、资本家的卑鄙无耻。当记者在小说发表之后采访他时，他答记者问时说：“美国国会中，有些议员是狗婊子养的。”此话一经发表，各地报刊杂志争相刊出，使美国国会议员暴怒，说他是人身攻击，正因不知哪些议员是狗婊子养的，便人人自危。所以群起鼓噪，坚决要马克·吐温澄清事实并公开道歉，否则将以中伤罪起诉，求得法律手段保护。 几天后，在《纽约时报》上，马克·吐温刊登了一则致联邦议员的“道歉启事”：“日前鄙人在酒会上答记者问时发言，说'美国国会中有些议员是狗婊子养的'，事后有人向我兴师问罪。我考虑再三，觉得此话不恰当，而且不符合事实。故特此登报声明，我的话修改如下：'美国国会中有些议员不是狗婊子养的。'” 这段“道歉启事”，只在原话上加上一个“不”字，前边说“有些是”，唯其未指出是谁，因此人人自危；后改成“有些不是”，议员们都认为自己不是狗……于是，那些吵吵闹闹的议员们不再过问此事。 马克·吐温以他自己超人的智慧平息了这场风波，以反语的手法，使本来对他怀有敌意的人们拿他无可奈何。 技法要领：“反语幽默”法就是用相反的词语表达本意，使反语和本意之间形成交叉。“反语幽默”法的技巧在于以反语语义的相互对立为前提，依靠具体语言环境的正反两种语义的联系，把相对立的双重意义辅以其他手段，如语言符号和语调等衬出，使对方由字面的含义悟及其反面的本意，从而发出会心的微笑。 7.指鹿为马法 《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载说： 赵高想造反，害怕群臣不听使唤，因此先设法试验，拿着鹿献给二世，说：“这是一匹马。”二世笑着说：“丞相弄错了吧，怎么把鹿当做马？”赵高问众大臣，有的大臣不回答，有的说是马谄谀赵高，有的说就是鹿。赵高就把说是鹿的暗记下来，假借名义送法严办。从此以后，大臣们都畏惧赵高。 依当时的情形来看，赵高“指鹿为马”，是他为谋权篡位采取的卑劣手段，若从交际的角度来说，“指鹿为马”则是一种高超的幽默艺术。 某厂，有两个工人在评价他们的厂长。 “厂长看戏怎么总是坐在前排？” “那叫带领群众。” “可看电影他怎么又坐中间了？” “那叫深入群众。” “来了客人，餐桌上为啥总有我们厂长？” “那是代表群众。” “可他天天坐在办公室里，车间里从不见他的身影，又怎么讲！” “傻瓜，这都不懂，那是相信群众嘛！” 谁都明白这两位工人在心照不宣地指鹿为马、指白说黑地讽刺他们厂长的工作作风。虽然显得名实不符，却有很强的幽默感。Why is this?因为幽默感并不是一种客观的科学的认识，而是一种情感的交流。情感是主观的，而不是客观的，情感与科学的理性是矛盾的。科学的生命在于实事求是，而情感则不然，实事求是不一定完全表达情感。幽默的生命常常在名不副实的判断中产生。 技法要领：“指鹿为马”在幽默中就是用双方心照不宣的名不符实，把白的说成黑的，从而产生反差，传达另外一层真正要表示的意思，达到幽默交流的目的。 8.位移真义法 人们总希望自己能言善辩，能够妙语连珠、幽默诙谐地和周围的同事、朋友们交谈。或许，“位移真义”这种巧钻空子的幽默技巧能为你的谈吐增色。 在一次军事考试的面试中，主考的军官问士兵：“一个漆黑的夜晚，你在外面执行任务，有人紧紧地抱住你的双臂，你该说什么？” “亲爱的，请放开我。”报考者幽默地回答。 乍一看，我们也许会莫名其妙，可等你回过神来，恍然大悟时，一定会忍俊不禁的。“亲爱的，请放开我。”一般是情人间亲昵的用语，军官提问是想知道他的士兵怎样对付敌手，而年轻的士兵则理解或者说故意理解为恋人抱住他双臂时，他该说什么。把原心理重点“怎样对付抱住他双臂的敌手”，巧妙地移到另一个主题——“怎样对付抱住他双臂不放的情人”。这就是我们所说的“位移真义”法。 技法要领：人们说的话，往往字面意义与说话人想表达的意义并不完全一致，我们暂且称它们为表义和真义。将人们说的话的真义弃之不顾，而取其表义，是“位移真义”法的基本技巧。 9.望文生义法 十年动乱中，有位姓张的干部在“批判会”上被诬为“两面派”，谁知老张淡淡一笑，答道：“刚才有人说我是'两面派'，这使我十分奇怪！请看我的脸：皮肤是这样黑，颧骨是这样高，两颊是这样瘦，鼻梁是这样低，嘴唇却这样厚。双眼无神，两耳招风……” 说着他指着自己的脸，风趣地说：“让革命群众一起评一评吧，如果我还有另一张脸，是什么'两面派'的话，我会用这张脸吗？” 一句俏皮话，引得听众哈哈大笑。诬陷老张的打手狼狈不堪，老张因而顺利通过“批判”会。 老张这番话中，从“两面派”的表面字义来理解，故意把它解释成“有两张面孔的人”，再郑重其事地“摆事实，讲道理”，证明自己并没有两张面孔。由于这一点是众所周知的事实，老张却煞有其事地去论证，刻意费力，显得滑稽可笑，十分幽默。 技法要领：“望文生义”法是一种巧妙的幽默技巧。运用它，一要“望文”，即故作刻板地就字释义；二要“生义”，要使“望文”所生之“义”变异得与这个“文”通常的意义大相径庭，还要把“望文”而生的义，引向一个与原义风马牛不相及的另一个内容上，从而在强烈的不协调中形成幽默感。 10.随机套用法 “随机套用”法就是预先熟练地掌握一些与本人工作生活有关的幽默范例，然后加以灵活套用的幽默技巧，最好能根据自己所处的环境特点即兴加以发挥。 张大千是我国现代著名的画家。他颏下留长须，讲话诙谐幽默。一天，他与友人共饮，座中谈笑话，都是嘲弄长胡子的。张大千默默不语，等大家讲完，他清了清嗓门，态度安详地也说了一个关于胡子的故事： 三国时候，关羽的儿子关兴和张飞的儿子张苞随刘备率师讨伐吴国。他们两个人为父报仇心切，都想争当先锋，这却使刘备左右为难。没办法，他只好出题说：“你们比一比，各自说出自己父亲生前的功绩，谁父功大谁就当先锋。” 张苞一听，不假思索顺口说道：“我父亲当年三战吕布，喝断坝桥，夜战马超，鞭打督邮，义释严颜。” 轮到关兴，他心里一急，加上口吃，半天才说了一句：“我父五缕长髯……”就再也说不下去。 这时，关羽显圣，立在云端上，听了儿子这句话，气得凤眼圆睁，大声骂道：“你这不孝之子，老子生前过五关斩六将之事你不讲，却在老子的胡子上做文章！” 听了这个幽默的故事，在座的无不大笑。 张大千巧妙地套用了关于胡子的幽默故事，不仅使自己摆脱了成为众矢之的的困境，而且也反击了友人善意的嘲弄。 技法要领：掌握一些现成的幽默的语言、轶事、故事之后，不但要做到不为所制，而且更重要的是灵活自由地套用它来说明自己的观点，摆脱自己面临的困境。这时，要有一种大加发挥的气魄，切忌拘谨。而在发挥时，就不仅是套用了，而是创造幽默了。