Chapter 34 4. The Mysteriously Lost Soldier

In the ten years of confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the main contradictions in Chinese society and the internal and external policies of the CCP have undergone a process of transformation.From 1927 to 1931, Chinese society was dominated by class contradictions, and the policy of the Chinese Communist Party was to carry out land revolution and oppose Chiang. From 1931 to 1935, from the "September 18th Incident" to the "North China Incident", ethnic conflicts rose, and the Chinese Communist Party was anti-Chiang and anti-Japanese.Since the North China Incident in 1935, ethnic conflicts have become the main contradiction in Chinese society. The internal and external policies of the Chinese Communist Party have changed from forcing Chiang to resist Japan to uniting with Chiang to resist Japan. From 1935 to 1936, that is, from the North China Incident to the Xi’an Incident. At this time, it was forcing Chiang to resist Japan and Xi’an The incident was resolved peacefully, and the anti-Japanese national united front was initially formed.This front includes workers, peasants, the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, as well as the Anglo-American big landlords and big bourgeoisie represented by the Chiang Kai-shek clique of the Kuomintang.Enlightened gentlemen, local powerful factions, leaders of various middle parties, patriotic democrats, people from ethnic business circles and religious leaders are also included. In 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out in an all-round way, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party joined hands to start China's Great Patriotic War, the Anti-Japanese War.

On July 7, 1937, Japan provoked the July 7 Marco Polo Bridge Incident.The Anti-Japanese War lasted for 14 years. The first six years were part of the war of resistance. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, China’s full-scale war of resistance began, which lasted for eight years.At that time, Beiping was surrounded by Japan on three sides, and the border of the puppet Manchukuo was drawn to the north until it was 80 kilometers away from Tiananmen.Yin Rugeng, a traitor in the east, established the Eastern Hebei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government in Tong County, and the 22 counties in Eastern Hebei separated from China.To the west of Beiping, the prince of Inner Mongolia, Demuchukdonglupu, advocated Mongolian independence, established a puppet government, and organized a puppet army.Beiping was attacked on three sides, and the ancient capital was already at the forefront of the war.The only connection between Beiping and the mainland was the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which was called Pinghan Road at that time.Lugou Bridge is the only place where Pinghan Road must pass. Once the Japanese army occupied Lugou Bridge, they cut off the Pinghan Railway, and Beiping became an isolated city.

Japan has a garrison near the Marco Polo Bridge. On the evening of July 7, the Japanese army carried out provocative military exercises beside the Marco Polo Bridge.During the exercise, the excuse was that a soldier was missing. In fact, the soldier had a stomachache and ran away without reporting to the officer.The Japanese army asked to search Wanping City under the pretext that the soldier was missing, but was rejected by the Chinese defenders. The Japanese army bombarded Wanping City, and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out.In fact, when the Japanese made unreasonable demands for the search of the city, the soldiers who were upset had already returned to the team.The day after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, the CCP issued a telegram calling on the whole nation to fight against Japan.Chiang Kai-shek of the Nationalist Government issued a Lushan speech to determine the policy of the War of Resistance.

Regarding the Lushan Talks, there were many different views in the past.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek said: "Whether the Marco Polo Bridge incident will not expand into a Sino-Japanese war depends entirely on the attitude of the Japanese government. The key to the continuation of hope for peace depends entirely on the actions of the Japanese army. One second before peace is completely hopeless, we still have to fight." Those who hope for peace, hope to find a solution to Lu's matter through peaceful diplomatic methods." At that time, China was a weak country rather than a strong one. The attitude of a weak country should be to fight the war instead of asking for it. Never sacrifice before the last moment of sacrifice, and never give up peace until the moment of despair.Between war and war, if there is a choice, a responsible ruler should definitely choose peace instead of war.In modern China, there is always a fight, and you can't fight, and if you fight, you lose, and if you lose, you lose the land and pay compensation.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek thought that if he could not fight, he would try his best not to fight, but he also knew that Japan had given up North China to North China, and if it gave up North China, it might want East China. "Our four northeastern provinces have been lost for 6 years. It was continued with the Tanggu Agreement. Now the conflict site has reached the Marco Polo Bridge at the gate of Beiping. If Marco Polo Bridge can be oppressed and occupied by others, then our century-old capital, the center of northern political culture With Beiping, an important military town, it will become the second place in Shenyang! If Beiping today becomes Shenyang in the past, Jicha today will become the four eastern provinces in the past. If Beiping can become Shenyang, why not Nanjing? It will become Peiping!" So Chiang Kai-shek also said: "We hope for peace, not peace; we are ready for war, but never seek war. We know the situation after the whole country goes to war, and the only thing we can do is to sacrifice to the end, and there is no reason to escape by chance. If the war begins, there will be no distinction between the north and the south, no distinction between the old and the young, no matter who you are, you have the responsibility to defend the land and resist the war, and you should be determined to sacrifice everything." The Lushan speech marked that the national government had embraced the war of resistance. Heart.