Chapter 27 4. Talking about cooperation should not be detailed

After the "February 7th" strike, the Communist Party of China realized that in order to defeat the enemy, it cannot do it alone, and must win alliances and establish a revolutionary united front.The Kuomintang and the Communist Party led by Sun Yat-sen have a basis for cooperation, and the Communist Party is willing to cooperate with it. Among the revolutionary political parties, the Kuomintang has territory, an army, and political power.Sun Yat-sen very much hoped that the new government after Yuan Shikai's death would restore the symbol of the 1911 Revolution - the "Provisional Constitution". Unexpectedly, Duan Qirui publicly stated that "I don't want the president, I don't want the Congress, and I don't want the law." Nothing less than that.

Sun Yat-sen raised the banner of righteousness again, set off a movement to protect the law, and joined forces with the Southwest warlords to fight against the Beiyang warlords, but failed very quickly.Sun Yat-sen lost to Shanghai, and then went south to Guangzhou.Guangzhou was an important base of Sun Yat-sen, and it was also the place where the revolutionary torrent was the most turbulent.Two warships of the navy announced their support for Sun Yat-sen, and more than a hundred Kuomintang party members in Beijing followed suit. In Guangzhou in 1917, an extraordinary parliament with insufficient quorum was convened. In this parliament, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the extraordinary president of the Republic of China.Since 1921, there have been two governments in China. Beijing uses the five-color flag as its national flag, and Guangzhou uses the blue sky, white sun and red ground as its national flag.Although the government was established, Sun Yat-sen faced great difficulties. He needed to set off a vigorous revolutionary movement, needed his own stable financial revenue, and needed a strong army that could support the revolution and obey his orders.As the leader of the Kuomintang, Sun Yat-sen, the revolution always failed endlessly. Sun Yat-sen learned from the pain and deeply felt that the Kuomintang had lost the courage of the revolution.Seeing the 10-year victory of the 1911 Revolution and the 17-year founding of the Kuomintang, party members became officials, bought houses, married concubines, lived comfortably, and began to be content with the status quo.The Kuomintang urgently needs to be reorganized, replenished with fresh blood, and absorb young and energetic people.Sun Yat-sen took a fancy to the Communist Party - a thoroughly revolutionary party.

The Comintern also hoped to develop a communist movement in China, and they hoped that the Kuomintang would support the labor movement and be able to attract the people to join the struggle against warlords and foreign imperialism.The Communist International instructed the CCP to cooperate with the Kuomintang.In this way, the karma gathered, the time was ripe, the Communist International acted as a matchmaker, and the KMT and the Communist Party had the foundation and intention to cooperate. All is ready except for the opportunity. In 1923, the Communist Party of China convened the "Three Great Congresses" in Guangzhou and decided to cooperate with Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang to establish a revolutionary united front.The members of the Communist Party took the method of joining the Kuomintang in their personal capacity and helped the Kuomintang to reorganize into a party of the alliance of four revolutionary classes.

The dual party affiliation of the communists can coexist well when the two parties have the same goals. Once the two parties split, the issue of the leadership of the revolution will come to the fore.Young communist parties tend to make mistakes of "left deviation" or "right deviation" when they wake up early. The new democratic revolution is a bourgeois democratic revolution led by the proletariat. The target is left leaning.The relationship between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is that of an ally.The bourgeoisie is neither leader nor enemy.The task of the bourgeois democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism should have been completed by the leadership of the bourgeoisie. It has instructed the Chinese bourgeoisie to be weak and compromise. It cannot complete it, so it can only be led by the proletariat.

As the other party of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the Chinese Kuomintang also showed its due attitude. In 1924, the first congress of the Kuomintang was held, and the focus of the meeting was to reorganize the Kuomintang.The Kuomintang was originally a loose European-style political party. It was established in 1905 and before the KMT and the Communist Party cooperated, it had just held the "One Congress".But the Communist Party told him that the party members must be united, and the organizational form of the Kuomintang should be closer to that of the Communist Party.The National Congress of the Kuomintang passed the Declaration of the National Congress of the Kuomintang, accepted the CCP’s anti-imperialist and anti-feudal proposition, developed the old Three People’s Principles into the new Three People’s Principles, and established the three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and supporting farmers and workers.

The National Congress of the Kuomintang marked the realization of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the formal establishment of the revolutionary united front.The revolution must use violence, and violence must have its own army.Sun Yat-sen was nicknamed Sun Dapao back then. Unlike Kang Liang, he wrote letters to the emperor and wrote letters again and again.Sun Yat-sen understood: If you want the court to be obedient, you have to overthrow it.Violent revolution needs its own army, not the new army like the Wuchang Uprising, or the Southwest Warlords like the National Defense Movement.

In 1924, with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang established an army officer academy in Huangpu.The official name is the Chinese Kuomintang Army Officer Academy.The three years in Huangpu belonged to a crash course, and a total of six sessions were held, with one session every six months. In 1927, it moved to Nanjing and changed its name to "Central Army Military Academy". This is a formal military academy with a three-year schooling period.Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of Whampoa on June 16, and encouraged the students: "From now on, set up a volunteer, and throughout your life, you will not have the mentality of getting promoted and getting rich, but only know about saving the country and the people."

Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Whampoa. Before he became the principal of Whampoa Military Academy, he was already a lieutenant general and the chief of staff of the Cantonese Army. The Kuomintang army is mainly the Cantonese Army in Guangdong.The headmaster of the Whampoa Military Academy has the rank of major general, but Chiang Kai-shek would rather be downgraded to the headmaster of the Whampoa Military Academy because he can see that this is a place to train talents.Later, the senior generals of the Kuomintang were all from Huangpu, and they were teachers and students with Chiang Kai-shek.

The Whampoa Military Academy placed equal importance on political education and military training, focusing on cultivating students' patriotic and revolutionary spirit.The Whampoa Military Academy not only teaches students to shoot guns, but also lets them know who to shoot the guns at.There was a couplet at the gate of the Whampoa Military Academy back then: Please go the other way to get promoted and get rich. If you are greedy for life and afraid of death, you should not enter this door. The horizontal criticism is "revolutionaries come."Huangpu has a great reputation, and there are many students who defected from the three eastern provinces and Inner Mongolia to apply for the exam. At that time, some of them had to travel for a year to get to Guangzhou.Therefore, those who came to Huangpu were all passionate youths who knew why they came to bleed and sacrifice.They are very brave on the battlefield, with one against ten and ten against one hundred. The Whampoa Military Academy has trained many talents for the National Revolutionary Army.Many senior generals of the Kuomintang were born in Huangpu.Four of the top ten marshals and generals of the Communist Party were born in Huangpu.In this way, the two parties cooperated to establish a revolutionary armed force, and the vigorous revolution began.