Chapter 119 (19) Changed words

("Suiyuan Poetry Talk") Volume 6: "Wang Jinggong is pretentious and pretentious, not only doing political affairs. Wang Zhongzhi ①: 'The day is obliquely played and the long Yang Fu is played, and the dust is blown to look at the painted wall'; the most complete. Jinggong changed to play Fu Zhang Yang thought it was healthy. Liu Gongfu ②: "Tomorrow the boat will go across the sea, but I will look at Penglai from the clouds"; Jing Gong changed the clouds to clouds, which is almost unreasonable. Tang Liuwei's poem said: "Knowing the willow is At the gate, there seems to be no way through the hibiscus'. Jing Gong changed it to: "It is hard to find a way in the long lotus, but the Xiaoxiao Yangliu only knows the door"; Duke Jing changed it to 'I know it's not snow, because there is a dark fragrance'; the living are dead, and the spiritual are stupid." According to these four things, we must talk about them separately.The first two things are to change poems for others. The eighth volume of the first volume of "Shihua Zonggui" is quoted in "Wang Zhifang Shihua" ④. Volume 52 of the first episode of "Yuyin Conghua" quotes "Xiqing Poetry Talk" which contains Wang Zhongzhi's events ⑤, and Jinggong said: "The poet's language is so healthy." "Hou Malu" Volume 2 "Bo Zhai The volume of "Edition" records Zhongzhi's poem ⑥, and the previous sentence is "the palace eaves will always be wiped away". The third volume of "Hunan Poetry Talk" discusses Jing Gong's rewriting ⑦, which says: "The language is strong but the meaning is suffocating." I don't know if I have seen "Hunan Collection". "Shihua" refuted Zhou Deqing's "articles that surprised four feasts and sat alone" and so on, and then published "Hunan Wenbian" ⑧; however, when denouncing the valley, Wei Daofu and Lin Aixuan were cited everywhere, but not the "Hunan Poetry Talk" ⑨ that specifically slandered the valley , He Ye.Poems from the Tang dynasty tend to use nouns, poems from the Song dynasty tend to use verbs, as evidenced by the circled sentence in "Yingkui Lusui"10; Jing Gongyi's "fu" is not just an inverted sentence, but the word "fu" is also a verb. .

"Men Li Xin Hua" Volume 18, Chapter 8, Jing Gong wanted to change Du Xunhe's "there are no shadows of birds in the rivers and lakes, but the sound of folding bamboos in rocky valleys", as "the shadows of birds flying" and "the sound of bamboos folding". The reasoning is exactly the same.Liu Gongfu's poems are now contained in the eighteenth volume of "Pengcheng Ji", titled "Tiguanbi". According to the "Song Poetry Chronicle" quoted from "Pengcheng Collection" ⑿, the title is "Taizhou's Works by Self-Scholar Shulang", which is suspected to be presumed according to the facts. "Yunli" is being written as "cloud gas", which shows that Gongfu has adopted Jinggong to change his pen, which is not like "Daoshan Qinghua" ⒀ which records Gongfu's discussion of Jinggong's change of Du's poems, which is said to be "just afraid of him". The second volume of "Hou Mako Lu" heard that Gong Fu recited this poem to Gu Zijing⒁, and also said: "But look at Penglai from the cloud", which is the same as the sentence in "Peng Cheng Ji". Volume 8 of "Shihua Zonggui" quotes "Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk" as "Quejiang Yunbiao" in "Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk", and "Que Jiangyun Biao". Will the cloud." "Song Poetry Chronicle" only selects the poems of Gongfu, without quotations.Husband Penglai's palace was originally misty among the five clouds; now the Jade Emperor's case officials are far away and cannot live in Penglai, so they boat on the sea, looking back at the deep clouds, looking at the edge of the goblet and falling in love with Wei Que, this is the meaning of the tribute father. The reason why it is inappropriate to "combine the cloud table" is that the cloud is far away and Penglai is farther away. You can see the cloud but not the table, so you can't look at it. "Jianyunli" is inappropriate because it is in the cloud, outside the cloud and inside Penglai, the cloud is visible but not inside, so you can't look at it. "From the cloud" is inappropriate, it seems that you are in the sky, looking out from the clouds, not floating on the sea, looking in from outside the clouds, the meaning of the word is not clear. "But looking at Penglai from the clouds" means that the aunt looks at the palace of Penglai from the clouds, and those who look at it also want to look forward to it.The changed sentences in the latter two matters can be found in Jing Gong's collection.For Liu Wei's "You Donghu Chushi's Garden" couplet⒂, see the seven rhythms of "Duan's Garden Pavilion"; for Su Ziqing's two sentences "Plum Blossom Falling", see "Plum Blossoms" for five unique features.This is not to change other people's sentences, but to attack people thinking that they have done it themselves, which is completely different from Wang and Liu.I thought the original sentence was not good, so I changed it; I thought the original sentence was very good, so I copied it.If it is changed, it must be better than the original work, but if it is copied, it is often regarded as inferior to the original work, which must be strictly distinguished.

Jing Gong's poems are precise and sharp, and the ancient poems he hates are extremely strong, but a little lacking in vigorousness;There is another section, which is not without controversy.Whenever someone else's good sentence comes across, they will steal it cleverly, completely reborn, copy it in every possible way, and think it is their own; either copy the sentence, change the word, or reverse the meaning.Concentrating on thieves, everyone in the Tang and Song Dynasties was not as blatant as the public.Originally, it was a mess that was picked up by chance, so the traces of dismantling and repairing were chiseled with an axe.The two poems of Liu and Su picked by Zicai are examples.

"Neng Gai Zhai Man Lu" volume eight contains Shen Bin's poems of the Five Dynasties⒃: "One water patrols the city, and the sky is surrounded by mountains." Pull out the door and send the green." "Stone Forest Poetry Talk" records that Jing Gong recommended Shaoling's "opening the curtain to sleep, the heron rises, the pills flow and the warbler sings" as a five-character model⒄, because it imitated "the green mountain sits on the lice, the yellow bird sleeps with the book". Volume 25 of the second volume of "Yuyin Conghua" is called "Poetry of a Hundred Schools of the Tang Dynasty" selected by Jing Gong. There is Wang Jia's "Qingjing" saying: "Before the rain, I first saw the stamens between the flowers, and after the rain, there were no flowers at the bottom of the leaves. Nymphs flew here. If you go over the wall, you should suspect that the spring scenery is next door"; want to love his poems, so there is also a poem in the collection: "When the rain comes, there are no stamens among the flowers, and after the rain, there are no flowers at the bottom of the leaves. Bees and butterflies pass the wall one after another, but they doubt the scenery of spring In the neighbor's house", change the seven characters, "the language is full of meaning".

If he said in "Self-Rescue" that "closing the house wants to push away the sorrow, but the sorrow refuses to go away. The spring breeze comes, and the sorrow refuses to live." Push away the sorrow, but the sorrow refuses to go away. It is also the manifestation of the deep hidden desire to avoid the sorrow, and the sorrow is known to the people. In "Jingnuan", "the rooster crows at noon, the dog barks in the wild", which is also the disguised form of "a dove crows at noon, and two swallows talk about spring sorrow". "Ciyun Pingfu Jinshan Huisu" says "the sea gate at the end of the sky is solid across the north, and the sandy shore in the smoke is like the west. There are no boats and boats and you can still hear the flute, and there are towers in the distance and you can only see lights", then "the towers at the end of the sky are solid across the north, It is also amplified to see Yangzhou with lights in the middle of the night. "Zhongshan Jishi" says "the thatched eaves sit opposite each other all day long, and the mountain is more secluded without a bird singing". According to the seven ancient poems of "Old Tree", there is also a sentence "the ancient poem bird singing makes the mountain more secluded, and I don't like the sound of singing". .Then "the cicadas are noisy, the forest is more quiet, and the birdsong mountain is more secluded". In "Hiding Home", "Counting the falling flowers because of sitting for a long time, slowing down to find the fragrant grass will return late", which is also an extension of "Singing birds and singing birds change, sitting for a long time and falling flowers".Wulu "Recalling the Ancients" and Qilu "Reminiscing about the Ancients at the End of the Year" are also the highlights of Yuanming's "Gui Qu Lai Ci" and so on.These are all detailed in Yanhu Annotation⒅.He is like "Immediate Events": "I don't care about the shadow, the shadow grows with me. I also take the shadow, and I stay around." Taibai's "Drinking Alone under the Moon": "The moon does not drink, and the shadow follows me. .I sing the moon wandering, my dancing shadows are messy" is also a copy. "Entering the North Temple from Baitu Village": "Looking for the birds alone, crossing the turbulent currents. Sitting on a stone to rest, watching the clouds and returning", and "Dinglin Courtyard":

"Because of dehydration while walking, I put a quilt on the rock. But if you stay with the clouds facing you, it is still worth looking for in the moon phase." You Cheng's "Zhongnan Bieye": "Walk to the poor water, sit and watch the clouds rise", and " "Returning to Songshan": "If the flowing water is intentional, the birds will return each other at dusk". "Showing No Wai": "Neighboring chickens live in midday silence, and secluded grass makes autumn beauty", which is also an imitation of Wei Suzhou's "You Kaiyuan Jingshe": "Green shade produces tranquility in the day, and solitary flowers represent the rest of spring". "Chengxin Pavilion written by Wu Jiye in the second rhyme": "If you want to climb up to the world, you should follow the outside world when you build a structure." "Foreign monk" echoes.

"Chun Qing": "It rains on the tenth day of the new spring, and the rainy and sunny door begins to open. Just look at the moss patterns, and don't come to people's clothes." Then You Cheng's "Shu Shi": "It's raining in the Qingyin Pavilion, and the deep courtyard is lazy in the daytime. Sit and watch the moss, and want to wear clothes for the upper hand."The couplet of Liu Wei of Jinggong School cited by Zicai has been mentioned in Zeng Qiufu's "Tingzhai Shihua" 12, but Yanhu has not noted it either.According to Ye Tao's "Feelings at Wangrilu" by Ye Tao:

"I am ashamed to ask that talents know the way, but sad that there are no willows to know the door." Self-note: "The poem "Jiang Ling Xunzhai" says: "Seeing Tong is like looking for a well, but seeing Liu still knows the door. "Jing Gong's poems cover both this meaning, and Zeng Yuan only knows one of them. Another example is the quatrains of "Six Years" written by Jing Gong in his later years. The three or four lines say: "Looking at the gate of the country to the west, scratching short hair, nine heavenly palaces and five clouds deep", Suspicion is to imitate the modified Liu Gongfu's "Tomorrow the boat will go to the sea, but the clouds will look to Penglai". "Ciyun Pingfu Jinshan Meeting" also plays Yang Gongji's "Accompany Pei Xueshi to Jinshan Return" as the Western Union (21) , Covering fishing and hunting and reaching the people of the time, it is almost like Zhang Huaiqing's swallowing alive (22). Zicai ridiculed Jinggong's "Plum Blossom" five masterpieces, "Chengzhai Collection" volume 14, "Shihua" has said (23): "Su Ziqing Yun: "You should only think that the flowers are snow, but if you don't realize that there will be fragrance." 'The narrator is not as good as the author.Tortoise Mengyun (24):

"Diligence and untie the knots of lilac, let the branches loose to give birth to spring"; Jiefu said: "Diligence is to untie the knots of lilac, and release the branches to spring freely". The author is not the narrator. "The language is very fair. And Fang Xugu's "Ying Kui Lv Sui" Volume 20 Qi Ji "Zao Mei" commented: "There is a big difference between a word.Knowing that flowers are like snow, but not realizing the fragrance of clouds, is clumsy.I don't know it is a flower, but I regard it as snow, so when the fragrance comes, I know it.Jing Gong seems to be more clever. "The song is for protection. The dispute between Xin Hongzhi and Chang Dingzong for the word "Zhuan" (25) is a pity that this old Pingzhang has not been obtained. Tang Dongfangqiu's "Spring Snow" said: "The spring snow is full of the sky, and the touch is like flowers blooming."I don’t know if the tree in the garden is a real plum”; imitating Su Ziqing, and before Jing Gong. The public fights for the law in the court, and fights for the pier in the field, so the calligraphy and ink also want to compete with the ancients, occupying all new words and sentences, without hesitation. Picking or copying, or imitating, or directly attacking, or reversing the verdict. The nature is aggressive, and one side is revealed. It likes to collect sentences, not to drive people to fight. Keep it on behalf of him, and Ceye will not return after a long vacation. (243-247 pages) ①Wang Zhongzhi: written by Wang Qinchen, a writer in the Song Dynasty.

② Liu Gongfu: the character of Liu Tun, a writer in the Song Dynasty.He has written forty volumes of "Pengcheng Collection". ③Su Ziqing: Qing Feng Ban commented on "Ying Kui Lu Sui", monk Qi Ji's "Zao Mei": "This Ziqing is from Liang, not Su Wu." See. ④ "Shihua Zonggui": Song Dynasty Ruan Yue collection, the first collection is 48 volumes, and the second collection is 50 volumes. "Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk": written by Song Wang Zhifang (character Lizhi, title Guisou). ⑤ "Yuyin Conghua": namely "Tiaoxi Yuyinconghua", written by Song Huzai, with 60 volumes in the first collection and 40 volumes in the second collection.

"Xiqing Poetry Talk": written by Song Caisuo, one volume. ⑥"Hou Mako Record": written by Song Dynasty writer Zhao Lingzhen, eight volumes. "Bo Zhai Bian": written by Fang Shao, a writer in the Song Dynasty, in ten volumes. ⑦"Hunan Shihua": written by Jin Dynasty writer Wang Ruoxu, three volumes.There are also forty-five volumes of "Hunan Yilaoji". ⑧ "Hunan Wenbian": four volumes, see "Hunan Relics Collection". 9 Wei Daofu: Song Dynasty writer Wei Taizi.He has written a volume of "Poetry Talk on Hermitage in Linhan".Lin Aixuan: Song Dynasty writer Lin Guangchao. ⑩ "Ying Kui Lv Sui": a collection of Yuan Dynasty writer Fang Hui (word Wanli, title Xugu), volume forty-nine. ⑾ "Men Li Xin Hua": written by Song Dynasty writer Chen Shan, eight volumes. ⑿ "Song Poetry Chronicles": written by Li E, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, 100 volumes. ⒀ "Daoshan Qinghua": Notes of the Song Dynasty, one volume, written by Song Wang. ⒁Gu Zijing: Song Dynasty writer Gu Linzi. ⒂ Liu Wei: Poet of the Tang Dynasty. ⒃ "Nenggaizhai Manlu": Song Wu Zeng wrote, 18 volumes. ⒄ "Shilin Shihua": written by Song Dynasty writer Ye Mengde, three volumes. (12) Yanhu Lake: Li Bi, an annotator in the Song Dynasty, named Yanhu Layman, wrote "Notes on Wang Jinggong's Poems". ⒆ Zhang Dexiang: Song Dynasty writer. ⒇ Zeng Qiufu: Song Dynasty writer Zeng Jili.He wrote a volume of "Tingzhai Shihua". (21) Yang Gongji: Song Dynasty writer Yang Panzi. (22) Zhang Huaiqing: Liu Su's "New Words of the Tang Dynasty? Humorous": "There is Zaoqiang Wei Zhang Huaiqing who likes to steal articles from famous scholars... People call it a proverb: 'Peel Wang Changling alive, and swallow Guo Zhengyi alive.'" (23) "Cheng Zhai Ji": written by Song writer Yang Wanli, one hundred and thirty-three volumes. (24) Lu Guimeng: A poet in the late Tang Dynasty. (25) The word "Zhuan" in the dispute between Xin Hongzhi and Chang Dingzong: unknown.According to "Yingkuiluisui", Fang Hui commented on Qiji's "Zaomei", saying that Li Yanhu's annotations quoted "only flowers should be snow, but if you don't realize that there is fragrance", it is said that Jiefu changed his ears slightly.Or Xin and Chang are arguing about the conversion, but it is a pity that Fang Hui can't judge it.Pingzhang is a comment, and this old finger will come back. Yuan Mei believes that "poetry must be changed, not too much. If you don't change it, your heart will be overwhelmed; if you change it too much, you will be suffocated" ("Suiyuan Shihua" Volume 3); "Scraps" Volume 8 cited "Children's Poetry Training"); Cai Juhou believes that "poems should not use too much work. If the words are good, the meaning will be insufficient. If the language is not enough, the poem will be weak" ("Cai Kuanfu's Poetry Talk" quoted in Volume 6 of "The Poet's Jade Chips"); Mr. Qian Zhongshu believes that "poetry and prose are just right when they are carefully considered. It is better not to stop but to plan, but to make good things go bad and lose previous achievements. The icing on the cake is the perfect addition to the snake." ("Talking about Art Record Supplement"). Lu Benzhong's words are for beginners learning to write poetry, Cai, Yuan, and Qian are for writers, so they are all correct. Wang Anshi likes to change his own poems, and also likes to change other people's poems. He is famous in the history of literature.Mr. Qian pointed out that Wang Anshi paid attention to rhetoric in the note "Spring Breeze Greens the South Bank of the River" in "Selected Notes of Song Poems? Mooring Boat Guazhou".It is said that the word "green" was settled after more than ten revisions. At first it was the word "to", and later it was changed to the word "guo", "into" and "man".Mr. Qian pointed out that the use of the word "green" has long been seen in Tang poetry, such as Qiu Wei's "Inscription on the Farmer's House": "When will the east wind come? The green lake has gone up the mountain", and Li Bai's "Ode to Willows in Yichun": "The east wind has come. Green Yingzhou Grass" and so on, it can be seen that Wang Anshi's selection of the word "green" will not have nothing to do with the people of Tang Dynasty. This article starts with Yuan Mei's analysis of Wang Anshi's word change, citing a large number of poem examples, pointing out which ones are icing on the cake and which ones are superfluous, and make specific analysis respectively, which can be used as a warning for rhetoric in poetry. 1. Wang Qinchen has a poem saying: "Stop playing Yang Fu when the sun is playing", Wang Anshi changed it to "Showing the Fu is playing Yang, stop Yang", Yuan Mei thinks that this change is "healthy", Wang Ruoxu thinks "the language is strong but the meaning is suffocating", Qian Qian My husband thinks that "Poetry in the Tang Dynasty is easy to use nouns, and poetry in the Song Dynasty is easy to use verbs." Wang Anshi swapped the word "Fu" with the word "Ba", not only to invert the sentence, but to use the word "Fu" as a verb. Chen Shanji and Wang Anshi wanted to change Du Xunhe's "There are no shadows of birds in the rivers and lakes, but the sound of folding bamboos in rocky valleys" to "shadows of birds flying" and "sounds of bamboo folding" ("Men Li Xin Hua"). 2. Liu Tun has a poem saying: "Tomorrow the boat will go across the sea, but you will look at Penglai from the clouds." Wang Anshi changed "Yunli" to "Cloud Qi". Yuan Mei thinks that the change is "unreasonable". It was Wang's rewriting that was received, and Zhao Lingjuan had personally heard that Liu Tun's recitation of this poem was the same as rewriting (see "Hou Malu"), which shows that Liu Tun had accepted Wang's revision. However, "Shihua Zonggui" quoted "Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk" and recorded Liu Tun's original poem as "but Jiang Yunbiao", while Hu Zai quoted "Wang Zhifang's Poetry Talk" as "but Jiang Yunli".Mr. Qian analyzed the four writing styles of "Jianyunbiao", "Jianyunli", "Congyunli" and "Congyunqi": the Penglai palace was originally in the midst of the five clouds, and now the officials of the Jade Emperor's case are far away. No longer going to Penglai, boating on the sea, looking back at Yunshen, although the body is on the sea, but the heart is still in the palace, this should be the original intention of Liu Tun's poem.Then, it is inappropriate to say "cloud surface", that is, the surface of the cloud, and people on the ground cannot see the top of the cloud; to say "cloud inside", refers to the inside of the cloud, and people on the ground cannot see the inside of the cloud. It’s also inappropriate; it’s not appropriate to say “cloud air”, that is, clouds, people on the ground can see clouds, showing that a subject who has been suppressed wants to look forward to the palace and is attached to his homeland, and he understands both literature and science.Therefore, Mr. Qian thinks that Wang Anshi was right to change "yunli" to "cloud gas". 3. Liu Wei's "You Donghu Chushi Garden" has a couplet: "I know that the willow is the door, and it seems that there is no way to go through the hibiscus." Here, change the title to "Duan's Garden Pavilion". Liu Wei's poems are natural and fluent, as clear as words. He saw the garden from a distance, looked over from the luxuriant bushes, and thought that the place with willow trees was probably the gate of the garden. In fact, he didn't see the gate, but Blocked by hibiscus flowers, I couldn't find a way to the gate of the garden, depicting the thriving scenery of the garden.Wang Anshi changed the poem, and the confrontation was good, but it lost the atmosphere and interest of Liu Wei's original poem. 4. Su Yuqing has a poem saying: "You should only think that flowers are snow, but if you don't realize that there is fragrance", Wang Anshi changed it to "I know it is not snow, so there is a dark fragrance." Yuan Mei said that it is to change the living into death, and the spiritual into stupid .The rewrite is not as good as the original.Mr. Qian pointed out: Wang Anshi changed Su Ziqing's poem and titled "Plum Blossoms" five masterpieces, which have been included in Wang Anshi's anthology. I think the original sentence is not good, so I change it; I think the original sentence is very good, so I copy it. If I change it, I have to be better than the original, but if I change it, I always think it is not as good as the original, so I have to be strict. , must be cleverly plundered, completely reborn, imitated in every possible way, thinking that it already exists; or copying its sentences, or changing its words, or reversing its meaning."Occasionally get a complete sentence, but also leave "traces" of "axe chiseling and repairing", such as changing Liu Tun's and Su Ziqing's two poems are examples. But there are also successful works of imitation, for example: Shen Bin has a poem "The land is surrounded by a river, and the sky is surrounded by mountains", and Wang Anshi's imitation is "One water protects the fields and surrounds the green, and the two mountains push the door away." Qing Lai" has more warnings than Shen Bin's poems. "One water" and "Two mountains" are neatly contrasted, and the surrounding environment of Mr. Huyin's residence is first pointed out. Live, change the stupid to the smart, and make it a famous sentence. In short, it is pointed out here that some of Wang Anshi's poems are either the appearance of other people's poems, or the disguised form of other people's poems, or the enlargement of other people's poems, or the extension of other people's poems; Imitating other people's poems, or responding to other people's poems, or imitating other people's poems, or imitating other people's poems, almost taking other people's works as the source of their own creation, Li Bi's notes did not point out.Through Mr. Qian's analysis of Wang Anshi's revision of poems, it fully explains how to treat revision.