Chapter 70 (27) On the Tiredness of Poetry and Prose

Huang Gong said that "the tiredness of poetry and prose is not due to slander but due to flattery"①, the reasoning is profound and thought-provoking.Yu Ze wanted to explain further and said: The tired scholars of poetry and prose are not due to their disadvantages, but because of their advantages. "Guanzi? Shuyan" article tastes that ②: "A person's self-lostness is also based on his strengths", which is the most witty saying.If you build on yourself, you will steal and do your best, and you will never tire of it. From conceit to self-attack, it becomes a printing plate; it depends on people, good is tempting, tempting is imitation, imitation is establishment of sects, sects have records, The stereotype will become excessive and evil, if it is true, it will not be similar, if it is similar, it will not be true, and it will be miraculous.Therefore, the views of Tang poetry were abandoned in the world, and the seven sons successively proposed to respect them ③, and some of them have reached them;If he is in Tongcheng in the eight families ⑤, and outside the lake in the eight generations ⑥, they are all so-called doting and dying, and the harm is worse than those who enter the house and fight.Although people in the Ming Dynasty liked to set up sects such as Zhong Bo Jingren7, they also had a little glimpse of this, so they focused on "Pan Zhigong's Poetry Preface" to promote the "Jingling School of Poetry", thinking that "those who have traces of things will be poor, and those who are famous will be poor. "The first volume of "Chidoxin Xinchao" contains the fifth volume of my hometown Duting Cai Yishu ⑧: "The author's origin is based on the flow of learning. The eyebrows are thick, and the frowns of the village are not green. The ancients hated it. For those who imitate, it is said that it is difficult for people with real color to learn, and the poison is more poisonous than slandering the river." It is really painful to say it.Gnats are born on trees, and eat the trees; they are originally lion worms, but they destroy the lions. "Sui Shu" Volume 45 Gao Zu sighed ⑨: "For example, a beast can't harm things, but it will be damaged by hairy insects"; Yunmen said ⑩ that disciples are not allowed to sell barnyard grass, and there are husbands. (Pages 171-172) ①Huang Gong: In the Qing Dynasty, Heshang was styled as Huang Gong, and there are three volumes of "Zaijiuyuan Shihua".

② "Guanzi": Twenty-four volumes, written by Guan Zhong with the old title. ③ Seven successive sons: During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang, He Jingming, Xu Zhenqing, Bian Gong, Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi, and Wang Tingxiang were the first seven sons; Li Panlong, Xie Zhen, Liang Youyu, Zongchen, Wang Shizhen, Xu Zhongxing, and Wu Guolun were the last seven sons. ④The sages of Fujian and Jiangxi: Refers to the poets of Tongguang style in the Qing Dynasty, who made Song poems.Min refers to Chen Yan, Zheng Xiaoxu, and Chen Baochen, all from Fujian.Gan means that Chen Sanli, Chen Hengke, and Chen Fangke are all from Jiangxi.

⑤Tongcheng: Fangbao, Liu Dakui, and Yao Nai were all from Tongcheng in the Qing Dynasty, and their ancient literati were called Tongcheng School.The eight masters guide the eight masters of the Song Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong. ⑥Huwai: Refers to Qing Wang Kaiyun and Deng Fulun, both from Hunan.The Eight Dynasties refer to the Eight Dynasties of the Han, Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, and Sui Dynasties. They wrote poems and essays of the Wei and Jin schools. ⑦ Zhong Bojing: Ming Zhong Xing, a representative of the Jingling School.

⑧ "New Copy of Chidot": Qing Dynasty Zhou Lianggong Collection, twelve volumes. ⑨ "Sui Shu": Eighty-five volumes, written by Tang Weizheng, Yan Shigu, etc. 10 Yunmen: Wen Nun, an eminent monk in the Southern Han Dynasty, whose common surname was Zhang, lived in Yunmen Mountain in Shaozhou, so it was called. This article talks about the tiredness of poetry and prose, that is, the loss and gain of poetry and prose, with a dialectical point of view. "Guanzi? Shuyan" said: "People's self-lostness is also based on their strengths. Therefore, those who are good at swimming die in Liangchi, and those who are good at shooting die in the middle field." Liangchi should refer to the turbulent water flow under the bridge.Those who are good at swimming think they are good at swimming, and swim to the whirlpool of the water, and are sucked into the whirlpool and die.Those who are good at archery think they are good at archery, and they always shoot birds and beasts in the middle and wild, and are killed by ferocious beasts.This is loss due to gain.The author is also like this, like Lu You, who is good at composing poems and good at fighting.But if there are too many poems, it is inevitable that the meaning of the poems will follow each other.For example, "Tang An Yi Jia Lai He Yi": "The body is like a monk in the forest, and he often sends bags everywhere; the family is like a swallow on Liang, and he makes a nest every year"; Going back to the wild goose, the body is like a cloud hall and passed the monk earlier"; "Cold Food" says: "The body is like a nest of swallows, and the year-end guest is envious of the wandering monks everywhere"; "Autumn Day Huaidong Lake" says: "The body is like a nest of swallows before returning to the sun , The heart is like a monk when he wants to move"; "Xia Ri Miscellaneous Topics": "A traveler with a long journey of love, a life experience that passes through a monk." ("Talking about Art" page 126) And as for self-invasion."

As for the ups and downs of poetry in the past dynasties, Yuan Hongdao said in "Xuetaoge Collection Preface": Husband and Fa are also those who have passed because of their shortcomings.Those who correct the practice of parallelism in the Six Dynasties will win with Liuli.The reason for the beauty of those who eat and drink is solid, but its fault lies in lightness and slenderness.People in the prosperous Tang Dynasty corrected it with generosity.It has been solid and big, and it has grown reckless because of its richness; therefore, those who continued the prosperous Tang Dynasty corrected it with emotion and reality.It is already true, and slang was born because of the fact; therefore, those who continued the Middle Tang Dynasty corrected it with strangeness.However, if it is strange, its territory must be narrow, and if it is out of the way, it will win without roots. Therefore, the way of poetry has been small until the late Tang Dynasty.Song Osu came out in large numbers, changed greatly and learned late, received everything in things, possessed everything in dharma, everything in emotion, and everything in the environment... However, it is so embarrassing that it uses writing as poetry. ...Here refers to the Six Dynasties' advocacy of parallel beauty, and the loss of parallel beauty lies in the weaving of allusions;What is frivolous is obtained from generosity, and what is generous is lost in roughness; what is rude is obtained from truth, and what is true is lost in vulgarity.What is pretentious and vulgar is obtained from the strange, and what is lost from the strange is narrow.It shows that the generation of loss is the gain, the abuse of the gain is the loss, and the gain is generated from the loss.There is gain and there is flattery, and flattery leads to fraud, that is, it turns into loss.If there is a mistake, someone will correct it, and there will be gains from the correction.Gains and losses are transformed in this way.The poetry of the late Tang Dynasty was lost in delicacy, and the poetry of the Song Dynasty corrected it by expanding the realm.Song poetry has entered learning as poetry, so the Seven Masters around the Ming Dynasty embarked on the road of imitating the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties, so Tongguangti also advocated learning Song poetry.Zhinanshe sent poets to attack Tongguangti again.The so-called "things that have traces must be poor, and those that are famous must be poor".If it is well-known, it must be praised by others, which will lead to imitation and abuse, so it must be poor and poor.This is "following the extremes of learning", following the imitation of famous and well-known people will lead to fraud.After the malpractice occurred, those who "discussed the author's origin" and thought that they had started to create a new genre or new style were also criticized.In this way, "the eyebrows are already rough, and the frowns of Zhucun are not green", and the beauty of the peerless beauty Xi Shi has also been criticized.Those who imitate masterpieces are like lion bugs, and their imitations damage masterpieces, just as lion bugs damage lions.However, it should be pointed out that the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty imitated the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which made people dislike the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and transfer to Song poetry.But Li Du, a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is really like what Han Yu said in Diao Zhang Ji: "Li Du's articles are here, and the brilliance will last forever", and they did not damage their greatness because of the imitation of the seven masters of the Ming Dynasty; Status is not compromised by the imitation of the same light body.As a peerless beauty, Xi Shi does not become ugly because of Dong Shi's imitation.