Chapter 64 (21) On Ye Xie's Poems

Ye Zhou and Meng Ju are friends from the same village. "Huangye Village Poetry Collection" has a Zhou preface, and Zhou wrote "Original Poems" ①, which says: "Song poetry is not inferior to the people of the Tang Dynasty. For example, there are treasures in stones. If you don't drill them, the treasures will not come out." Poetry"; it is also said: "Yan Canglang and Gao Tingli are sinners of poetry"②, Fu Yangao is also advocating poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.Self-made "Jiqi Poetry Collection", sharp and thin, obviously Song Ge, "Liangzhe Jianxuan Lu" ③ Volume 5 quoted Deng Hanyi as saying: "Xie's poems use danger and strangeness as their work."Qian Renrong was also quoted as saying: "Xie's poems are not amazing but not Taoist."Shen Guiyu was a disciple of Zhou, and Yuyang said that "there are still poets under Hengshan's sect".See Volume 7 of "Zhu Xiaoxuan Poetry Notes". "Guo Chao Shi Bie Cai" records Ye's poems: "The first is life, the second is new, and the third is deep".The teacher is wild and rampant, but the younger brother is willing to go to the village; he is stupid and orderly, and he can't bear to attack his letter, so he thanked his teacher and tried his best to avoid it. "Guo Chao Shi Bie Cai" discusses the words of "Ji Qi Ji" and "Original Poems", all of which are decorated with words.Guiyu Zong looked up to the prosperous Tang Dynasty and pretended to write "Mr. Ye's Biography" and "Preface to Jiqi Poetry Collection". Although he said that Hengshan's poems were "good new", he called them "vigorous", and remembered that he respected Du, Han and Su. According to "Jiqi Anthology" Volume 8 "Preface to the Collection of Miyou", Tao, Du, Han, and Su are the most extreme, but "Jiqi Poetry Anthology" has many works with Du, Han, and Su, but it is dense and lacks charm , which is similar to Mengju and Wancun's style of work. , Yuan and Bai chisels are surprisingly dangerous, which is the key to the movement of ancient and modern poetry.Later generations call it poetry, but they have no knowledge of it, and they call it the middle Tang Dynasty. Those who don't know what it is, are among the past and present, and not unique to the Tang Dynasty. Taking the "middle" of "mid-Tang" as the "middle" of "like the sun and the sky", surpassing the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. Does it belong to the foolish teacher's law? The "three elements" of the Tongguang Poetry School were pushed together.

(Pages 144-145) ①Ye Zhou: Ye Xie, nicknamed Jiqi, known as Mr. Hengshan.There are four volumes of "Original Poems" and twenty-one volumes of "Jiqi Poetry Collection".Meng Ju: Wu Zhizhen, nicknamed Huangye Village Nong, has ten volumes of "Huangye Village Poetry Collection". ②Gao Tingli: Gao Yan characters, there are ninety volumes of "Tang Poetry Collection". ③ "Liangzhe Jianxuan Records": forty volumes, compiled by Ruan Yuan in the Qing Dynasty. ④ Shen Guiyu: Shen Deqian characters, there are 32 volumes of "Guochao Poetry Bie Cai", and 18 volumes of "Zhu Xiaoxuan Poems".

⑤ Wancun: Lv Liuliang in the Qing Dynasty, there are eight volumes of "Lu Wancun Anthology". ⑥ The theory of combining three elements: In the late Qing Dynasty, Chen Yan was the master of Song poetry, saying that "poems do not prosper in Sanyuan".At that time, this school of poetry was called the Tongguang style, which was actually the poetry of Song Dynasty. This one is about the poetic theory and poems of Ye Xie, a man of the Qing Dynasty.Ye Xie respected Song poetry and believed that Song poetry was not inferior to Tang poetry.Those who depreciated Song poetry said that Song people regarded discussion as a shortcoming of poetry. Ye Xie believed that discussion was poetry, and Du Fu had the most, so it should not be degraded.He also demoted the people of the Song Dynasty for using literature as poetry, and Ye Xie believed that Li and Du both used literature as poetry.Those who demoted Song poetry included Yan Yu and Gao Yu, so Ye Xie regarded Yan and Gao as sinners in poetry.Ye Xie believes that "the discussion is poetry, and Du Fu has the most." Du Fu's lyric poems express strong emotions in the discussion, so they are still poems, which are different from empty talk about theory.For example, "Prime Minister of Shu": "Where can I find the ancestral hall of the prime minister? There is a bustling forest outside Jinguan City."The green grass on the steps is in the spring, and the oriole every leaf is empty.Three visits frequently troubled the world's schemes, and the two dynasties helped the veterans' hearts.He died before leaving the teacher, which made the hero burst into tears. "In this poem, the last four sentences are discussion. But the discussion of these four sentences is from visiting Wuhou Temple, seeing the Bai Sensen of Wuhou Temple, and reflecting the green grass and hearing the oriole every leaf, which caused the "self-spring"

The feeling of "Kong Hao Yin" expresses a deep passion for Zhuge Liang, so there is a couplet of "Three visits and frequent troubles" to summarize his life, which arouses infinite respect and sorrow for Zhuge Liang, and there is a couplet of "I have not succeeded in my teacher". .The discussion in these four sentences is full of passion, so it is a strong lyric poem.Du Shi's arguments are all like this.Su Shi's discussion, such as "Tixi Linbi": "Looking horizontally, it looks like mountains and peaks, and the distance and height are different. I don't know the true face of Mount Lu, only because I am in this mountain."

The last two sentences are arguments, but this argument is a kind of philosophy that Su Shi experienced from his experience in Mount Lushan. It is not an abstract argument, but a feeling combined with images, and it is a poem that is quite close to rationality.Ye Xie definitely regards discussion as poetry, and it should be understood from this perspective. Let’s talk about Ye Xie’s poems again. Shen Deqian said in "Bie Cai of Qing Poetry": "Mr.'s poetry, one is new, and the other is deep. All mediocre, old, superficial words must be swept away. Looking at his works now, The meaning must be mysterious, the language must be unique, rather than harmonizing with the vulgar, not following the vulgar, and can be among the famous people, who can pull out their halberds and form a team of their own." Such as "Yang Hua": "Xiaoman's waist is too thin to be overwhelmed. Don’t let the sky fly all over the sky, and there are still people in the building who have not returned.” This is a chanting of catkins, from Bai Juyi’s "Small Waist of Willow", using the waist to compare wicker, and breaking the powder Piaoyun came to compare with catkins, and danced with Xiaoman on the lap mat, saying that Cheng Yu stayed on the dance lap.Combined with Wang Changling's "Boudoir Resentment": "Suddenly saw the color of willows on the street, I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to find a Marquis." So it is said, "Don't let the sky fly, there are still people in the building who have not returned." "Fen": "The sub-branches brush the blue window screens low, and the moon shines on the rosy clouds every day. I wish you one point to stay with you, and the poor man has no home." Shen Deqian commented: "From the nine points, I can't bear to read." Because of plum blossoms It has been opened to nine points, so it is proposed to "keep one point as a companion".This is a sharp and new sentence, obviously in the style of Song poetry.Some people blame him for "working with dangers and monsters", but they don't know that this is the style of Song poetry, so it is called "rare and more strange".Shen Deqian is a poet of the Tang Dynasty, so with Ye Xie's Song Dynasty poetry, "it is like ice coal." But Shen Deqian couldn't bear to attack his teacher, and defended him, saying that he respected Du and Han. Mr. Qian pointed out that the works of Ye Xie and Du Han , dense and airless, it is not the style of Tang poetry.

Later generations praised the poetry of the middle Tang Dynasty as the best among the past and present, and it can be used as the herald of the "three yuan" of the Tongguang style poetry in the late Qing Dynasty. Tongguang style also respected the Song poetry.